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Climate Change and Wildlife
This document summarizes the effects of climate change on wildlife in New England. It discusses how temperature influences the distribution of wildlife, causing latitudinal and elevational shifts. Climate change threatens wildlife through temperature extremes, habitat shifts and alteration, drought, and flooding. Case studies show how spruce-fir bird species' habitats are shifting. Studies in New Hampshire found elevational shifts consistent with predictions, while studies in spruce-fir forests found shifts contrary to predictions. Climate change can have interactive effects through elevation shifts, predators, mast cycles, and carbon dioxide levels. Research is exploring direct and indirect climate impacts. Other climate change impacts include loss of snow and ice habitats, increased predation, phenological mismatches, disturbance and succession impacts
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Climate Change and Wildlife
- 1. Climate Change andWildlife David King Northern Research Station USFS Umass Amherst, MA
- 2. Presentation scope • “Wildlife” –As designated by DeGraaf and Yamasaki • Birds (226) • Mammals (65) • Reptiles (29) • Amphibians (23) • New England
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- 4. 35 km north66 m up Auer and King 2014 Prediction – Latitudinal and elevational shifts
- 5. 35 km north66 m up Auer and King 2014 Prediction – Latitudinal and elevational shifts
- 6. Threats from climatechange Staudinger et al. 2013 • Temperature extremes • Habitat shifts and alteration • Drought • Flooding
- 7. Habitat shifts andalteration Case Study: Spruce-fir birds Lambert et al. 2005 Bicknell’s thrush Yellow-bellied FlycatcherMagnolia Warbler
- 8. King et al.2008 Habitat shifts and alteration Case Study: Spruce-fir birds
- 9. Beckage et al.2008 Habitat shifts and alteration Case Study: Spruce-fir birds
- 10. Elevational shifts inNH Consistent with predictions DeLuca et al. In Review
- 11. Elevational shifts inNH Consistent with predictions Hamburg and Cogbill 1988
- 12. Elevational shifts inSF Contrary to predictions DeLuca et al. In Review
- 13. Elevational shifts inSF Contrary to predictions Foster and D’Amato 2015
- 14. Interactive effects Elevation shifts,predators, mast and CO2 DeLuca 2013
- 15. Interactive effects Elevation shifts,predators, mast and CO2 DeLuca 2013
- 16. Interactive effects Elevation shifts,predators, mast and CO2 DeLuca 2013
- 17. Duclos et al.In Prep. Species Distribution Climate H1 Direct vs. indirect effects
- 18. Duclos et al.In Prep. Species Distribution Climate Vegetation H2 H1 H2 Direct vs. indirect effects
- 19. Rines 2015 Direct vs.indirect effects
- 20. Strong et al.In Prep. Direct vs. indirect effects
- 21. Pauli et al.2013 Loss of nivian/subnivian
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- 24. Cox et al.2013 Increased predation Thompson 2007
- 25. Both et al.2006 Laney et al. 2015 Phenological mismatch
- 26. Disturbance and succession Smetzer,King and Schlossberg 2014.
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- 28. Jones and Sievert2009 Flooding
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- 30. Conclusions and discussion •Shifts observed with latitude and elevation – Consider landscape context and local relief
- 31. Conclusions and discussion •Shifts observed with latitude and elevation – Consider landscape context and local relief • Impacts on habitat and hydrology – Manage for resistance/resilience
- 32. Conclusions and discussion •Shifts observed with latitude and elevation – Consider landscape context and local relief • Impacts on habitat and hydrology – Manage for resistance/resilience • Climate impacts complex and interactive – Limits species-specific planning/mitigation
- 33. Conclusions and discussion •Shifts observed with latitude and elevation – Consider landscape context and local relief • Impacts on habitat and hydrology – Manage for resistance/resilience • Climate impacts complex and interactive – Limits species-specific planning/mitigation • Adopt strategies robust to uncertainty – “low regrets” – Adaptive approach
- 34. Conclusions and discussion •Shifts observed with latitude and elevation – Consider landscape context and local relief • Impacts on habitat and hydrology – Manage for resistance/resilience • Climate impacts complex and interactive – Limits species-specific planning/mitigation • Adopt strategies robust to uncertainty – “low regrets” – Adaptive approach • Research and monitoring – Identify priorities/vulnerabilities – Management effectiveness
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