explanation about the current issues in the water, sanitation and distribution system, challenges and problems that might result after a disaster and recommendations
This document outlines a training on integrating Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and nutrition programming. It describes how WASH and nutrition are interlinked and how WASH can contribute to improved nutrition outcomes. Specific WASH activities that can be integrated into nutrition, health, and food security interventions are identified. Considerations for integrating WASH and nutrition at multiple levels are discussed. Key actions for integrating WASH with nutrition, health and food security and livelihoods sectors to improve nutrition outcomes are provided. Monitoring indicators for integrated WASH and nutrition programming are also presented.
Presentation made to the public representatives (TRS Party - CM, Ministers, Parliamentarians and MLCs) of Telangana state on 2nd May 2015 at Nagarjuna Saggar
Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan ImplementationIRC
The Water Development Commission shared the experience with the Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan (CR WSP) implementation approach in Ethiopia during a learning workshop. This workshop was held in Adama, Ethiopia, on 23 September 2021.
Climate change, agricultural pollution, and non-agricultural diffuse water pollution pose key challenges to the sustainability of water and wastewater services in the UK. Climate change will increase the frequency of extreme weather events like droughts and floods, affecting infrastructure and operations. Agricultural runoff contributes nitrates and pesticides that pollute water sources. Non-agricultural diffuse pollution involves chemicals from buildings, consumer products, and businesses that contaminate water when they enter sewer systems. Addressing these issues is vital for maintaining affordable, high quality drinking water now and in the future.
This document discusses rural water supply systems in India. It describes centralized and decentralized water supply systems. Decentralized systems are preferred for rural areas as they have lower costs, distribute water closer to the source, and are easier to maintain. Specific decentralized technologies discussed include biosand filters and chlorination. The document also examines a case study of water supply challenges in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and how the Jalswarajya project improved access to safe drinking water for many villages in the area.
Presentation on water supply system and sources in rural area14031907
The document discusses rural water supply and the importance of safe drinking water. It notes that over 30% of the rural population in developing countries lacks access to safe water. Traditionally, rural communities obtain water from unprotected sources like ponds, wells and rivers, which often leads to waterborne diseases. The document outlines some strategies for effective rural water supply, including selecting appropriate water sources and treatment methods tailored to local conditions. The goal is to provide access to basic water services while minimizing costs through community-based management approaches.
This document discusses safe drinking water and sanitation issues globally and in Pakistan. It notes that over 2 billion people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water and over 4.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. In Pakistan, approximately 38.5 million people do not have access to safe drinking water and 50.7 million lack adequate sanitation as of 2005. Water sources in Pakistan are often contaminated by untreated domestic and industrial waste, threatening public health. Common chemical contaminants like nitrates, arsenic, and fluoride found in drinking water can cause health issues if levels are elevated, including various cancers and birth defects. Ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation requires planning, infrastructure development and maintenance, capacity building, and promoting
This document outlines a training on integrating Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and nutrition programming. It describes how WASH and nutrition are interlinked and how WASH can contribute to improved nutrition outcomes. Specific WASH activities that can be integrated into nutrition, health, and food security interventions are identified. Considerations for integrating WASH and nutrition at multiple levels are discussed. Key actions for integrating WASH with nutrition, health and food security and livelihoods sectors to improve nutrition outcomes are provided. Monitoring indicators for integrated WASH and nutrition programming are also presented.
Presentation made to the public representatives (TRS Party - CM, Ministers, Parliamentarians and MLCs) of Telangana state on 2nd May 2015 at Nagarjuna Saggar
Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan ImplementationIRC
The Water Development Commission shared the experience with the Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan (CR WSP) implementation approach in Ethiopia during a learning workshop. This workshop was held in Adama, Ethiopia, on 23 September 2021.
Climate change, agricultural pollution, and non-agricultural diffuse water pollution pose key challenges to the sustainability of water and wastewater services in the UK. Climate change will increase the frequency of extreme weather events like droughts and floods, affecting infrastructure and operations. Agricultural runoff contributes nitrates and pesticides that pollute water sources. Non-agricultural diffuse pollution involves chemicals from buildings, consumer products, and businesses that contaminate water when they enter sewer systems. Addressing these issues is vital for maintaining affordable, high quality drinking water now and in the future.
This document discusses rural water supply systems in India. It describes centralized and decentralized water supply systems. Decentralized systems are preferred for rural areas as they have lower costs, distribute water closer to the source, and are easier to maintain. Specific decentralized technologies discussed include biosand filters and chlorination. The document also examines a case study of water supply challenges in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and how the Jalswarajya project improved access to safe drinking water for many villages in the area.
Presentation on water supply system and sources in rural area14031907
The document discusses rural water supply and the importance of safe drinking water. It notes that over 30% of the rural population in developing countries lacks access to safe water. Traditionally, rural communities obtain water from unprotected sources like ponds, wells and rivers, which often leads to waterborne diseases. The document outlines some strategies for effective rural water supply, including selecting appropriate water sources and treatment methods tailored to local conditions. The goal is to provide access to basic water services while minimizing costs through community-based management approaches.
This document discusses safe drinking water and sanitation issues globally and in Pakistan. It notes that over 2 billion people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water and over 4.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. In Pakistan, approximately 38.5 million people do not have access to safe drinking water and 50.7 million lack adequate sanitation as of 2005. Water sources in Pakistan are often contaminated by untreated domestic and industrial waste, threatening public health. Common chemical contaminants like nitrates, arsenic, and fluoride found in drinking water can cause health issues if levels are elevated, including various cancers and birth defects. Ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation requires planning, infrastructure development and maintenance, capacity building, and promoting
The document summarizes the Sphere Project, which establishes minimum standards for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in humanitarian responses. It provides an overview of the Sphere Handbook, including its core beliefs of the right to assistance and alleviating human suffering. The minimum standards cover WASH, food, shelter and health. Each WASH standard addresses key areas like hygiene promotion, water supply, excreta disposal, and provides minimum requirements, key actions, indicators and guidance notes.
Integrated Urban Water Management - Tools and Training. By Kalanithy Vairavam...Global Water Partnership
The document discusses the need for integrated urban water management approaches and tools to help cities better manage increasing water challenges. It outlines several integrated urban water management tools being developed, including an IUWM diagnostic tool, water balance model, technology selection tool, institutional mapping tool, and economic and finance tool. The tools will be housed on an integrated online platform and training modules are being developed to help cascade adoption of new approaches. The project aims to help cities shift perspectives to more holistic, decentralized and productive water management.
UNICEF is observing impacts of climate change in East Asia and the Pacific region. Temperatures have risen 0.74°C in the past century and are projected to increase further. Evidence also shows rising sea levels, changes in sea ice and arctic temperatures. Countries like Mongolia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Pacific Islands are experiencing effects like declines in grasslands and forests, changes in rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and temperatures. If emissions continue, the region will likely see more frequent heavy rainfall, heat waves and sea level rise. This poses risks to natural resources, infrastructure and access to water and sanitation. UNICEF is working with countries to assess impacts, strengthen policies and build resilience in the water, san
This document presents information about rural water access and management. It discusses human rights to water, global water statistics showing rural populations have less access, and water sources. Facts are given about the MENA region where most countries have low water resources. The document also outlines water conditions in Lebanon, noting water scarcity and pollution issues especially impacting rural areas. Sustainable management of water resources is discussed as important for ensuring adequate, safe water access.
1. The document discusses the importance of sanitation and how to bring about change, noting that inadequate sanitation leads to many health and social issues.
2. It recommends emphasizing the link between sanitation and disease, demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of improved sanitation, and providing locally appropriate solutions targeted at slums.
3. Recruiting high-profile champions is also suggested as a way to promote change.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) considers multiple viewpoints in water management decisions and actions. IWRM principles include social equity, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Proper implementation of IWRM requires political will, stakeholder participation, well-defined legal frameworks, adequate investment, capacity building, and comprehensive monitoring. IWRM aims to balance water resources and needs through coordination of natural systems and human uses.
The document discusses sustainable water management and outlines several key points:
1) Water pollution has devastating consequences and a global effort is needed to keep water clean and prevent misuse.
2) Simple individual actions like turning off taps when not in use, being careful what is poured down drains, and limiting pesticide and fertilizer use can help.
3) Cooperation across borders is essential for sustainable water management since water flows irrespective of political boundaries.
4) Several international organizations are working on initiatives to organize and promote sustainable water management.
most important topic for more clearance of water quality standards which covers latest Indian and WHO guidelines and provides a real scenario of water standards in India and the recent advances made for purification of water in India and worldwide. The presentation is little bit lengthy but deals with all required aspects in short.
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module2_#6, Flood management in Nepal, Dilip GautamICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Presentation by Gezahegn Lemecha from IRC WASH on the concept of Climate Resilient WASH. This presentation was given during the Climate Resilient WASH learning workshop in Adama, Ethiopia, on 23 September 2021.
The document discusses various types of drinking water and their characteristics, as well as WHO and Pakistan water quality standards. It provides details on parameters for bottled water quality limits and methods for water quality analysis. Several studies on water sources and quality in Gilgit-Baltistan are summarized. Spring water is described as naturally filtered and free from contamination, while bottled water may be affected by plastic toxicity, UV radiation during processing, and chemicals added through reverse osmosis.
The document discusses environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is defined as systematically identifying and evaluating potential environmental impacts of proposed projects. An ideal EIA system applies to all projects with significant environmental effects, compares alternatives, and includes public participation and enforcement. The goals of EIA are to conserve resources, minimize waste, recover byproducts, efficiently use equipment, and enable sustainable development.
Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment.pptxAlmawYetnayet
Environmental problems can vary from the direct effects of the pollution of waterways and the air, through to indirect effects such as health problems caused by changes.
Water pollution has many negative effects including the death of aquatic animals, disruption of food chains, spread of diseases to humans, and destruction of ecosystems. Pollutants are absorbed by small organisms and concentrate up the food chain, eventually poisoning animals and humans. Water pollution also has economic costs such as increased water purification costs and losses to fishing and tourism industries. Control measures include proper waste disposal, reducing chemical usage, water conservation, and government regulations on industry and sewage treatment.
Overview of faecal sludge management challenges and practicesIRC
Presentation by Erick Baetings during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014.
This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
Water Sector Analysis PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Water Sector Analysis PowerPoint Presentation Slides blends insightful data gathered by industry experts with winning designs curated by skilled developers. This impactful virtual tool satisfies the PPT presentation needs of individuals involved in the water industry. This presentation is a useful comprehensive analysis of the water market covering every related aspect. Communicate the water market size in terms of growth rate and capital expenditure using a neat tabular format. Our PowerPoint theme is replete with appealing data visuals to make information gripping and aesthetics sound. Elucidate the global water treatment market divided on the basis of industry and geography. The former is supported with a doughnut percentage chart, whereas the latter features a high-definition world map design. Also included in the water industry assessment PPT complete deck are infographic-style slides to represent US and global water industry key statistics. Our in-depth water market research PowerPoint slideshow also includes the latest growth drivers and trends. Download the water industry outlook to elaborate water pollution sources, natural processes, and human processes that affect water quality. Our Water Sector Analysis PowerPoint Presentation Slides are topically designed to provide an attractive backdrop to any subject. Use them to look like a presentation pro. https://bit.ly/3mqK5Jn
The document discusses various on-site and off-site sanitation technologies. It describes simple pit latrines, pour-flush latrines, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, ecosan latrines, septic tanks, aqua-privies, and centralized and decentralized wastewater systems. The main technologies are compared in terms of their advantages and disadvantages related to costs, water requirements, operation and maintenance needs, and suitability for rural versus urban contexts.
The document summarizes key drivers of increasing global water demand and potential solutions to close the growing water gap. By 2050, world water demand is projected to increase by 60% due to factors like population growth, changing diets, increased food production and urbanization. Agriculture currently accounts for 70% of water withdrawals globally. Solutions discussed to help close the growing gap between supply and demand include increased wastewater reuse, further development of desalination technologies, improving irrigation efficiency, appropriate water pricing, integrated water governance and planning at the basin scale.
Water Resource Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water resources by using Water Resource Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can present the survey data for determining water quality by using the water cycle management PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Showcase the leading factors that will affect the performance of the water technology market by using water quality assurance PowerPoint visuals. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. Discuss how you can design an effective water quality monitoring program by downloading our professionally designed water resource management PowerPoint slides. https://bit.ly/3fb5ExJ
suitable water system.pptx water treatmentShruthiBS13
This document discusses sustainable water systems and sanitation. It notes that sustainable water systems should provide adequate water quantity and quality without compromising future capacity. It also discusses various water sources like surface water, groundwater, rainwater harvesting and reclaimed water. It emphasizes the importance of considering economic, social and environmental factors in evaluating sustainability. The document also discusses key aspects of sustainable sanitation systems including health, environmental protection, appropriate technology, and storm water drainage.
The document summarizes the Sphere Project, which establishes minimum standards for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in humanitarian responses. It provides an overview of the Sphere Handbook, including its core beliefs of the right to assistance and alleviating human suffering. The minimum standards cover WASH, food, shelter and health. Each WASH standard addresses key areas like hygiene promotion, water supply, excreta disposal, and provides minimum requirements, key actions, indicators and guidance notes.
Integrated Urban Water Management - Tools and Training. By Kalanithy Vairavam...Global Water Partnership
The document discusses the need for integrated urban water management approaches and tools to help cities better manage increasing water challenges. It outlines several integrated urban water management tools being developed, including an IUWM diagnostic tool, water balance model, technology selection tool, institutional mapping tool, and economic and finance tool. The tools will be housed on an integrated online platform and training modules are being developed to help cascade adoption of new approaches. The project aims to help cities shift perspectives to more holistic, decentralized and productive water management.
UNICEF is observing impacts of climate change in East Asia and the Pacific region. Temperatures have risen 0.74°C in the past century and are projected to increase further. Evidence also shows rising sea levels, changes in sea ice and arctic temperatures. Countries like Mongolia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Pacific Islands are experiencing effects like declines in grasslands and forests, changes in rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and temperatures. If emissions continue, the region will likely see more frequent heavy rainfall, heat waves and sea level rise. This poses risks to natural resources, infrastructure and access to water and sanitation. UNICEF is working with countries to assess impacts, strengthen policies and build resilience in the water, san
This document presents information about rural water access and management. It discusses human rights to water, global water statistics showing rural populations have less access, and water sources. Facts are given about the MENA region where most countries have low water resources. The document also outlines water conditions in Lebanon, noting water scarcity and pollution issues especially impacting rural areas. Sustainable management of water resources is discussed as important for ensuring adequate, safe water access.
1. The document discusses the importance of sanitation and how to bring about change, noting that inadequate sanitation leads to many health and social issues.
2. It recommends emphasizing the link between sanitation and disease, demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of improved sanitation, and providing locally appropriate solutions targeted at slums.
3. Recruiting high-profile champions is also suggested as a way to promote change.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) considers multiple viewpoints in water management decisions and actions. IWRM principles include social equity, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Proper implementation of IWRM requires political will, stakeholder participation, well-defined legal frameworks, adequate investment, capacity building, and comprehensive monitoring. IWRM aims to balance water resources and needs through coordination of natural systems and human uses.
The document discusses sustainable water management and outlines several key points:
1) Water pollution has devastating consequences and a global effort is needed to keep water clean and prevent misuse.
2) Simple individual actions like turning off taps when not in use, being careful what is poured down drains, and limiting pesticide and fertilizer use can help.
3) Cooperation across borders is essential for sustainable water management since water flows irrespective of political boundaries.
4) Several international organizations are working on initiatives to organize and promote sustainable water management.
most important topic for more clearance of water quality standards which covers latest Indian and WHO guidelines and provides a real scenario of water standards in India and the recent advances made for purification of water in India and worldwide. The presentation is little bit lengthy but deals with all required aspects in short.
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module2_#6, Flood management in Nepal, Dilip GautamICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Presentation by Gezahegn Lemecha from IRC WASH on the concept of Climate Resilient WASH. This presentation was given during the Climate Resilient WASH learning workshop in Adama, Ethiopia, on 23 September 2021.
The document discusses various types of drinking water and their characteristics, as well as WHO and Pakistan water quality standards. It provides details on parameters for bottled water quality limits and methods for water quality analysis. Several studies on water sources and quality in Gilgit-Baltistan are summarized. Spring water is described as naturally filtered and free from contamination, while bottled water may be affected by plastic toxicity, UV radiation during processing, and chemicals added through reverse osmosis.
The document discusses environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is defined as systematically identifying and evaluating potential environmental impacts of proposed projects. An ideal EIA system applies to all projects with significant environmental effects, compares alternatives, and includes public participation and enforcement. The goals of EIA are to conserve resources, minimize waste, recover byproducts, efficiently use equipment, and enable sustainable development.
Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment.pptxAlmawYetnayet
Environmental problems can vary from the direct effects of the pollution of waterways and the air, through to indirect effects such as health problems caused by changes.
Water pollution has many negative effects including the death of aquatic animals, disruption of food chains, spread of diseases to humans, and destruction of ecosystems. Pollutants are absorbed by small organisms and concentrate up the food chain, eventually poisoning animals and humans. Water pollution also has economic costs such as increased water purification costs and losses to fishing and tourism industries. Control measures include proper waste disposal, reducing chemical usage, water conservation, and government regulations on industry and sewage treatment.
Overview of faecal sludge management challenges and practicesIRC
Presentation by Erick Baetings during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014.
This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
Water Sector Analysis PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Water Sector Analysis PowerPoint Presentation Slides blends insightful data gathered by industry experts with winning designs curated by skilled developers. This impactful virtual tool satisfies the PPT presentation needs of individuals involved in the water industry. This presentation is a useful comprehensive analysis of the water market covering every related aspect. Communicate the water market size in terms of growth rate and capital expenditure using a neat tabular format. Our PowerPoint theme is replete with appealing data visuals to make information gripping and aesthetics sound. Elucidate the global water treatment market divided on the basis of industry and geography. The former is supported with a doughnut percentage chart, whereas the latter features a high-definition world map design. Also included in the water industry assessment PPT complete deck are infographic-style slides to represent US and global water industry key statistics. Our in-depth water market research PowerPoint slideshow also includes the latest growth drivers and trends. Download the water industry outlook to elaborate water pollution sources, natural processes, and human processes that affect water quality. Our Water Sector Analysis PowerPoint Presentation Slides are topically designed to provide an attractive backdrop to any subject. Use them to look like a presentation pro. https://bit.ly/3mqK5Jn
The document discusses various on-site and off-site sanitation technologies. It describes simple pit latrines, pour-flush latrines, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, ecosan latrines, septic tanks, aqua-privies, and centralized and decentralized wastewater systems. The main technologies are compared in terms of their advantages and disadvantages related to costs, water requirements, operation and maintenance needs, and suitability for rural versus urban contexts.
The document summarizes key drivers of increasing global water demand and potential solutions to close the growing water gap. By 2050, world water demand is projected to increase by 60% due to factors like population growth, changing diets, increased food production and urbanization. Agriculture currently accounts for 70% of water withdrawals globally. Solutions discussed to help close the growing gap between supply and demand include increased wastewater reuse, further development of desalination technologies, improving irrigation efficiency, appropriate water pricing, integrated water governance and planning at the basin scale.
Water Resource Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water resources by using Water Resource Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can present the survey data for determining water quality by using the water cycle management PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Showcase the leading factors that will affect the performance of the water technology market by using water quality assurance PowerPoint visuals. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. Discuss how you can design an effective water quality monitoring program by downloading our professionally designed water resource management PowerPoint slides. https://bit.ly/3fb5ExJ
suitable water system.pptx water treatmentShruthiBS13
This document discusses sustainable water systems and sanitation. It notes that sustainable water systems should provide adequate water quantity and quality without compromising future capacity. It also discusses various water sources like surface water, groundwater, rainwater harvesting and reclaimed water. It emphasizes the importance of considering economic, social and environmental factors in evaluating sustainability. The document also discusses key aspects of sustainable sanitation systems including health, environmental protection, appropriate technology, and storm water drainage.
The issue of supplying adequate water to meet societal needs is one of the most urgent and significant challenges faced by decision-makers.
Rainwater harvesting is an excellent means of supplementing water for both potable and non-potable purposes.
Rainwater harvesting describes processes in which precipitation that falls on a site is diverted, captured, and stored for use on-site, as opposed to allowing it to run off, evaporate, or infiltrate into the soil.
This document provides an introduction to water supply schemes. It discusses the objectives of water supply systems which are to provide wholesome drinking water, adequate quantities to meet minimum needs, provisions for emergencies, and future demands. It also covers requirements for wholesome water, properties of fluids, water demands including factors affecting per capita demand, population forecasting methods, and variations in demands. Sources of water supply are discussed including precipitation, run-off, infiltration, evaporation, groundwater, springs, and different intake structures for lakes, reservoirs, rivers and canals.
Water supply, use, pollution and treatmentsRikiAcanto1
The document provides information on global water supply and issues related to water use, pollution, and treatment. It discusses the following key points:
1) A growing global water shortage is linked to food supply as the human population grows and water is needed to grow more food. Only 1% of the world's water is available for human use.
2) Water pollution from sources like agricultural and urban runoff degrades water quality and exposes billions of people to waterborne diseases. Pollution increases biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in water.
3) Eutrophication from excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus entering water bodies from fertilizers and sewage kills aquatic plants and reduces dissolved oxygen, harming ecosystems
Drought management and water harvesting Yash Patel
Definition, Types of Drought, Causes of Drought, Drought Contingency planning, augmentation of water, Water Harvesting, Water conservation and etc etc...
The document discusses various topics related to drought management and water harvesting. It defines drought and describes four main types: meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socioeconomic drought. It outlines causes of drought such as precipitation deficiency and discusses drought contingency planning measures. The document also discusses techniques for augmenting water supply, conserving water, and harvesting rainwater, including roof top harvesting and surface runoff harvesting. It provides details on components, benefits, and techniques for water harvesting.
This document summarizes Luis Caballero's work studying watershed hydrology in Honduras. It discusses his research at La Tigra National Park measuring water production from cloud forests compared to other forested areas. Cloud forests produced three times as much water. Cutting cloud forest would likely reduce dry season water supplies. The document also discusses agricultural adaptation projects in El Salvador's dry corridor, including using soil/water techniques to increase on-farm water balances and demonstrating more resilient cropping systems.
Water is essential for all life of forms on earth-including human, animal and vegetation.
It is therefore important that adequate supplies of water be developed to sustain such life
Where there is no surface water, where groundwater is deep or inaccessible due to hard ground conditions, or where it is too salty, acidic or otherwise unpleasant or unfit to drink, another source must be sought.
In areas that have regular rainfall, the most appropriate alternative is the collection of rainwater, called rainwater harvesting .
This document provides information about a public information center meeting regarding a basement flooding and water quality improvement master plan study. The meeting aims to introduce the study approach, factors contributing to flooding and pollution, possible solutions, and next steps. Attendees are encouraged to provide input, which is important to the study. The study area covers a neighborhood bounded by several major streets. The study will examine drainage systems, identify flooding causes, and make recommendations to reduce flooding risk and improve stormwater quality.
The document discusses various causes and solutions regarding water pollution and water scarcity issues around the world. It addresses topics like unsustainable freshwater use, water conflicts over river basins in the Middle East, and increasing water demand outpacing supply. Solutions proposed include reducing water waste, improving irrigation efficiency, protecting watersheds and wetlands, preventing point and nonpoint source pollution, and increasing water recycling, reuse and desalination.
ch 6 community Drinking Water Source Protection.pptxMukhtarYonis1
This document discusses community water source protection. It provides information on different sources of drinking water including rainwater, surface water, and groundwater. It describes various water sources like springs, wells, and boreholes. When planning to develop and protect water sources, communities should assess needs, identify potential sources, consider water quantity and quality, and conduct sanitary surveys. Protection measures include fencing off areas, diverting runoff, and providing hygiene education to communities. Wells should be located uphill from pollution sources and can be dug, bored, or driven depending on the construction method.
All living things require clean, uncontaminated water as the most crucial compound for life on Earth
Ideally, drinking water should be clear, colorless, and well aerated, with no unpalatable taste or odor, and it should contain no suspended matter, harmful chemical substances, or pathogenic microorganisms.
Wastewater discharge from industries, agricultural pollution, municipal wastewater, and poor environmental sanitation are the main sources of water contamination
Storage reservoirs hold untreated water and can be used for purposes like irrigation. They are a basic component of water storage and flood control systems. Distribution reservoirs hold treated water for domestic and industrial use. They are a basic requirement for a good water distribution system and are meant to equalize demand fluctuations and maintain pressure in the system. The storage capacity of distribution reservoirs includes balancing storage for demand equalization, breakdown storage for emergencies, and fire storage. Reservoirs can be formed by dams or embankments and come in various shapes and sizes.
Drinking water comes from sources like springs, aquifers, and surface water. It is treated and distributed to meet standards for safe consumption. Water is essential as a resource for many uses including household use, agriculture through irrigation systems, industry for processes and cooling, and recreation. Contamination of water sources can spread diseases, so quality standards are monitored and enforced internationally.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting and watershed management. It defines water harvesting as capturing freshwater sources like rainwater and runoff and storing it for uses like irrigation, drinking water, and groundwater recharge. Rainwater harvesting specifically refers to collecting rainwater from rooftops or land surfaces and storing it. There are rural and urban models of rainwater harvesting in India. Watershed management aims to sustainably manage land, vegetation, and water resources within a drainage area. It outlines objectives, parameters, and practices like conserving soil/water, improving water retention, growing greenery, and structures like contour bunds and check dams.
This document discusses water efficiency techniques and provides information on water usage. It notes that water is essential for life and covers most of the Earth's surface. However, availability of fresh water is declining due to human factors like resource degradation and depletion. Various water efficiency strategies are proposed, including rainwater harvesting, wastewater treatment, efficient fixtures, landscaping with drought-resistant plants, and reuse of graywater and stormwater. Proper water management aims to conserve resources while allowing development and improved quality of life.
This document summarizes rainwater harvesting. It defines rainwater harvesting as the collection of rainwater running off surfaces where it falls. It then describes the key components of rainwater harvesting systems - catchment areas, gutters and pipes, filters, and storage tanks. Roof harvesting and runoff harvesting are the main collection methods. The advantages are listed as low cost and maintenance while providing safe water. Proper maintenance is important to prevent contamination. Rainwater harvesting is presented as an important solution for agriculture and urban water scarcity.
This document provides an introduction to flooding and floodplains. It defines flooding and different types of floods. It discusses the natural functions of floodplains and how human development can impact flooding. The document outlines several strategies for floodplain management, including modifying human and flood impacts, and preserving natural resources. It also introduces key hydrologic concepts like return periods and how the 100-year flood is used in flood hazard assessment and management.
Similar to Climate & disaster resilient, water supply and sanitation (20)
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate & disaster resilient, water supply and sanitation
1. Climate & Disaster Resilient, Water Supply
and Sanitation Services
An Approach towards sustainability
2. Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH): Ban introduction
• Access to safe water, proper sanitation and good hygiene are essential
to improve public health
• United Nation (2010) has recognized safe water and sanitation as
Human Rights
• Present situation:
2.1 billion of population lack access to safe drinking water
4.5 billion people lack safely managed sanitation services
About 340000 children under 5 die annually due to poor sanitation, poor hygiene, or unsafe drinking
water
3. Precipitation
Decline
Drought
Less raw water supply
Reduction in flow of
water bodies
Less dilution, causing high
pollutants concentration
Precipitation
Increase
Floods
Contamination of wells
Inaccessibility of water
sources
Latrine flooding
Landslides around water
bodies
Sedimentation &
turbidity
Water-borne diseases
Increase in
temperature
Heat waves
Glacier, snow
melting
Infrastructure damage
Increase of pathogens,
increasing disease risk
Seasonality of river flow, affecting water flow during
summers
Sea-level rise
flooding, saline
intrusion in freshwater
Decline in freshwater
availability
Climatic Effects Hazards Induced Impact on Water and Sanitation Sector
Impact of climate Change on Water & Sanitation
4. Climate Resilience
• Resilience is the ability to adapt and recover from the negative impacts
of climatically triggered events
• Resilient development reduces vulnerability, maintains livelihood
sustainability and promotes fast recovery
• Climate resilient development involves inclusion of such measures,
delivering benefits and resilience under all predicted climatic scenarios.
5. WASH Climate Resilient Development
1. Understand the problem:
Identify and understand the risks on WASH due to climate change
Local water supply plans and climate change risk assessment to modify existing plans
2. Identify possible options
Innovation of best practices to deliver climate resilient solution
3. Deliver solutions
Integrate climate resilience into national WASH strategies and plans
Capacity development
4. Monitor and move forward
This covers monitoring and the lessons learned from the implementation of climate
resilient development activities.
6. Climate resilience: basic approaches to improve resilience
• Water Quality
Improve resilience of wells from flooding
Gully protection and rehabilitation
Participatory water quality testing
Treating water at the household level
Water safety planning
• Water Quantity
Increase storage capacity
Incorporate rainwater harvesting schemes
Solar power water pumping
Increasing number no. of boreholes
7. Climate resilience: basic approaches to improve resilience
• Sanitation and Hygiene
Raised pit latrine
Septic tanks
• Enabling Environment
Capacity building (e.g. Hygiene education, knowledge generation and
dissemination)
Decentralized management
DRR and climate resilience integration during WASH planning
Integrated water resource management practises
8. Contaminated system
• Cut off distribution of contaminated water
• Alert population to institute protective actions (e.g. Boiling/filtration)
Be alert to cost of chemicals or fuel
• Flush or otherwise clean the system
• If repair will take extended time, arrange alternate water supply
10. Site selection and water sources
• For emergency settlement, the major concern is the provision of safe,
adequate and reliable water supply
• Water resource inventory should be considered as a part of site
selection process for site selection process
• Table on the next slide, summarizes the characteristics of the principal
water sources and options for extraction, treatment and distribution of
water
11. Typology of water sources
Source Treatment Extraction Distribution Remarks
Rain Unnecessary if
catchment is clean
Channelling off suitable roofs
and/or hard ground
Collection directly at household or
institutional level
Useful supplement (in
particular season)
Groundwater:
Natural springs
Unnecessary if properly
protected
Simple gravity flow: preferably
piped from a protective spring box
Individual collection, using storage
tanks, gravity fed distribution system
Source should be protected,
yield may vary seasonally
Groundwater:
Deep well (low
water table)
Unnecessary if properly
protected and
constructed
Handpumps/ Motor pumps Handpumps: Individual collection
Motor pumps: Storage tanks (linked
with distribution system
Yield unlikely to vary with
season
Groundwater:
Shallow well
(High water table)
Unnecessary if properly
protected and
constructed
Handpumps, rope, bucket Individual collection Yield may vary seasonally.
Care should be taken to
avoid contamination
Surface water:
Flowing (stream,
river)
Always required:
sedimentation, filtration,
chlorination
pumps Collection from storage tanks to
individuals
Yield may vary seasonally.
Care should be taken to
avoid contamination
Standing (lake/
ponds)
Always required:
sedimentation, filtration,
chlorination
pumps Collection from storage tanks to
individuals
Yield may vary seasonally.
Care should be taken to
avoid contamination
12. Water Source Protection
• Segregate water uses (drinking, bathing, livestock watering)
• Protect water sources from faecal contamination by :
fencing them in, and
by arranging for the use of a defecation field or shallow trench latrines at a
suitable distance from the source
• Prefer distribution by groundwater rather than to surface water.
Initially, it should be assumed that all surface water is contaminated.
• Use chlorine to protect water from contamination for distribution and
use, such that a free chlorine residual of 0.4–0.5mg/l is achieved
immediately after treatment (or 0.2–0.5mg/l at the point of
distribution)
14. Water transmission and distribution
• Gravity flows and pumps can be used for transimission and
distribution of water
• Gravity flow is generally preferred in order to avoid dependency on
power supply, and also reduces cost, workload, and also lessens the
chances of supply cut due to power outage and fuel shortage
• If pumps are used for distribution, a back-up pump should always be
available together with a fuel reserve in case fuel supply to the
settlement is cut off
• Washing clothes and bathing should not be allowed at taps used for
drinking-water, instead separate bathing and laundry areas should be
provided
16. Strengthening existing system
• Weak points in distribution systems, such as river crossings, open canals,
landslide scars, etc., or places where pipes cross earthquake faults, should be
strengthened
• Improve detection, response, and recovery to contamination incidents.
• Low-lying, flood-prone facilities can be raised or protected with levees or
bunds
• Installation of redundant emergency networks of water supply
• Installation of uninterruptible power supply at pumping stations to prevent
service disruption during a blackout;
• Retrofitting/ replacement of aged infrastructure to make it more resilient
17. Strengthening existing system (continued...)
• Key adaptation strategy is the best placement and construction of
water distribution and treatment utilities i.e. Site selection at low risk
areas
• Decentralized sanitation facilities, such as septic tanks and pit latrines,
have several advantages over centralized sewer systems.
• To reduce the impact of floods: pumping out of sewage should be
done regulargy
• Utilities should be encouraged to consider disaster resilience in
establishing priorities for site planning, capital improvement projects
and asset management
18. Strengthening existing system (continued...)
• Land use planning can substantially reduce the vulnerability of
communities to water-based natural disasters if the plans are supported
by reliable data on floods and droughts
• New facilities should not be located in disaster prone locations, such as
floodplain or tsunami inundation zones.