Presentation by Erick Baetings during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014.
This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
ECOlogical SANitation - closing the loop between waste to food...
- Its a concept of producing food material from the waste material produced from the household ...Form of pollution management technique.
Process, characteristics, Composition and decomposition of sewage treatment plant. Case study of bharwara sewage treatment plant, lucknow. Asia's largest wastewater treatment plant.
This content is benificial for the research and development purposes. Students and research scholars who they are eager to search for the conventional waste water treatment methods are look here.
WASH sustainability check results (by Marieke Adank and Ryan Schweitzer) sharing the findings of sustainability checks undertaken in Ethiopia in 2015 including the work of Aguaconsult for USAID with a rural focus and by IRC to support the DFID/ UNICEF ONEWASH Plus Programme in small towns.
Presented during the The 7th Annual WASH Ethiopia Multi-Stakeholder Forum (MSF) held from 16-17 December 2015.
Management of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System
Introduction to Decentralized Sanitation Systems and Fecal Sludge Management / Faecal sludge management Value Chain
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Jan Heeger from Red Cross Netherlands gave a presentation on pit emptying devices in emergency situations during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014.
This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
Jan Spit from WASTE presented the research findings on faecal sludge treatment during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014.
This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
ECOlogical SANitation - closing the loop between waste to food...
- Its a concept of producing food material from the waste material produced from the household ...Form of pollution management technique.
Process, characteristics, Composition and decomposition of sewage treatment plant. Case study of bharwara sewage treatment plant, lucknow. Asia's largest wastewater treatment plant.
This content is benificial for the research and development purposes. Students and research scholars who they are eager to search for the conventional waste water treatment methods are look here.
WASH sustainability check results (by Marieke Adank and Ryan Schweitzer) sharing the findings of sustainability checks undertaken in Ethiopia in 2015 including the work of Aguaconsult for USAID with a rural focus and by IRC to support the DFID/ UNICEF ONEWASH Plus Programme in small towns.
Presented during the The 7th Annual WASH Ethiopia Multi-Stakeholder Forum (MSF) held from 16-17 December 2015.
Management of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System
Introduction to Decentralized Sanitation Systems and Fecal Sludge Management / Faecal sludge management Value Chain
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Jan Heeger from Red Cross Netherlands gave a presentation on pit emptying devices in emergency situations during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014.
This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
Jan Spit from WASTE presented the research findings on faecal sludge treatment during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014.
This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
Honeysuckers - Sanitation solution from the informal sectorzenrain man
The vacum truck called the Honeysucker is increasingly being used in India to empty septic tanks and pit toilets in areas not serviced by sewage lines. About 90 % of urban India. Farmers are already composting and reusing this waste. Formal septage management systems need to be put in place for safety and best use of this solution.
El 18 de Septiembre tuvo lugar la Conferencia final del proyecto Europeo SANITAS, donde sus integrantes presentaron los principales resultados del proyecto. ACCIONA Agua, socio del mismo, presentó sus resultados sobre optimización de tecnologías de reutilización de aguas. El evento tuvo como título “From Science to Policy”, y estaba enfocado a la aplicación de los avances conseguidos a las políticas europeas en materia de tratamiento de aguas. El proyecto está financiado por la Comisión Europea y forma parte de las acciones Marie Curie, que fomentan la excelencia en la investigación a nivel europeo.
Jersey Water Works Green Infrastructure Training at NJ Society of Municipal E...New Jersey Future
The Green Infrastructure Committee of Jersey Water Works presented to the New Jersey Society of Municipal Engineers about green infrastructure on September 14, 2016.
URBAN SANITATION AND WATER SUPPLY IN NCR HIGH RISE BUILDING, A DECENTRALIS...LmSharma
The last couple of decades have seen a largescale population migration from rural India to Urban India. Better job opportunities, access to education and medical facilities and a comfortable life style are few of the reasons for people shifting from rural areas to urban population canters. ULBs could not cope up with the rate of increase of population. Supporting infrastructure like water supply, sewage treatment and disposal, MSW disposal and other facilities crumbled under the exponential increase in demand. Shortage of fresh water and lack of sewage treatment infrastructure are interlinked problems. Disposal of untreated sewage in to water bodies pollute the water, making it unfit for municipal water supply even after the treatment.
The larger is the system, more is the cost of maintenance and operation and lesser is the efficiency. This statement is true for large-scale sewage collection and treatment systems. It is more prudent to opt for small scale, decentralised, community base STPs. Such STPs will be installed and operated with the help of community participating. Decentralised treatment approach will not only reduce the expenditure on the operation and maintenance of central system, but attain a far better efficiency. Decentralised approach will open the avenues for sewage to be termed as an alternate source of water and energy. This approach will have a positive environmental effect. Pollution in the surface water bodies will be reduced.
Decentralised disposal of municipal solid waste obtained from group housing societies will reduce the load on municipal waste collection system. A well-managed decentralised solid waste treatment facility has potential to be financially self-sustainable. Segregated organic waste which constitute approximately 60% of the waste can be converted in to compost, balance non-organic waste can be disposed of as scrap / reused / recycled.
There is lots of scope for new research and technologies such as cost-effective technology for extraction of methane from the sewage. Lot of work is being carried out in this field. In near future, this technology will not only address the sewage problem, but also provide cost effective clean fuel. Similarly, there are centuries old sanitation technologies like WC toilets, which now have to be evolved in to water conserving or waterless toilets.
Prepared for presentation at conference organized by Yashwantrao Chavan Pratishthan, Mumbai on 6 March 2010, which had as chief guests Shri Jairam Ramesh, Minister of State, Environment and Forests, Govt of India
Bio-Microbics Small Communities ~ BIG Options: "No Water Wasted Here!"BioMicrobics, Inc.
Wastewater Management is a Global Concern:
People think septic systems are out in the middle of nowhere when the truth of the matter is these wastewater treatment systems go where there are people…no matter how many.
These systems treat wastewater to a high degree while keeping water at its source. This type of approach to using decentralized options and potential reuse opportunity offers a solution that is sustainable, efficient and highly practical.
With any new technology or process, there can be some uncertainty and skepticism. As with anything, the improper care of the system can lead to untended consequences. Education, understanding, and knowledge of benefits can help minimize harmful impacts. We can help address questions about the design and performance requirements of onsite systems, and confirm through third-party testing that the effluent meets pre-determined water quality criteria for designated uses.
To continue the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for water and sanitation, most municipal “Operations Programs” Should include maintenance section. We can help with the proper design, construction and operator training regarding the sewer system of a municipality, it’s important to develop the following Programs to help prevent, identify, and/or address issues:
- Pre-treatment Program
- Corrosion Control Program
- Fats, Oils, and Grease Program
- Stormwater management Program
It is equally important to identify the best TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY, maintenance products, and WATER REUSE in mind to combat these issues
Understanding the Service Delivery Approach: the political economy of deliver...IRC
In this presentation Harold Lockwood examines structural challenges to development aid and proposes a different paradigm: a Service Delivery Approach.
For further information see: www.waterservicesthatlast.org
Similar to Overview of faecal sludge management challenges and practices (20)
Session Building from WASH to IWRM - photo galleryIRC
On 15 October 2023, by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Bangladesh and IRC organised a panel session titled Building WASH into IWRM at the 9th International Conference on Water and Flood Management (ICWFM 2023).
The session drew examples from three NGO-led diverse WASH programmes intervening in different regions and different administrative settings of Bangladesh. The three NGOs that shared their programme experiences were BRAC, SNV and the Max Foundation.
Learn more
https://www.ircwash.org/blog/wash-crucial-component-iwrm
Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan ImplementationIRC
The Water Development Commission shared the experience with the Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan (CR WSP) implementation approach in Ethiopia during a learning workshop. This workshop was held in Adama, Ethiopia, on 23 September 2021.
Presentation by Gezahegn Lemecha from IRC WASH on the concept of Climate Resilient WASH. This presentation was given during the Climate Resilient WASH learning workshop in Adama, Ethiopia, on 23 September 2021.
Overview of enabling environment and implementation of climate resilient WASH IRC
Presentation given by the Ethiopian Water Development Commission during the Climate Resilient WASH workshop in Adama, Ethiopia. This workshop was held on 23 September 2021.
Webinar : Adapting your advocacy to COVID-19 health crisisIRC
The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing development programmes to rapidly readjust their advocacy strategy to support local or national governments in their emergency planning. The Watershed empowering citizens programme organised a webinar attended by over 60 participants on 15 April 2020, to discuss and learn about: ways to adapt advocacy approaches in time of COVID-19; practical examples of shifting activities at national and local levels; ways to reach your target audience while social distancing; ways to adapt your messaging, keeping Watershed priorities through the lens of COVID-19.
This report includes the webinar Powerpoint presentations and some recommendations based on the Q&A session. The titles and authors of the presentations are: "Why is strong advocacy essential during a crisis?" by Evita Rosenberg (IRC); "Watershed Bangladesh : adapting advocacy approaches during COVID 19 outbreak" by Ranjan Kumar Ghose (WaterAid Bangladesh); and "Adapting advocacy approaches in Kenya "by Patrick Mwanzia (Simavi Kenya).
Novel partnership between NWSC and Kabarole District to provide safe water to...IRC
Pius Mugabi of the Kabarole District Local Government, Martin Watsisi and Angela Huston of IRC and Denis Maramuzi, Area Manager of the National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), Fort Portal, Kabarole worked together on preparing a presentation for the 20th AfWA International Congress and Exhibition in Uganda.
Their presentation focused on a new partnership between NWSC and Kabarole District to extend NWSC’s piped network to provide safe water to communities in the hard-to-reach Kabende sub county. This novel public-public partnership is part of the increasing trend of rural utilisation. NWSC is extending into more small towns and rural growth centres with a broadened mandate and through the SCAP100 Programme will reach 12,000 new villages during 2017-2020.
Interested in more information on the case of Kabende sub county in Kabarole district and the progress so far? Check the presentation slides.
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS) Conflict sensitivity support and tools. Referenced in the IRC WASH debate "Sustainable WASH service delivery and local WRM in fragile states: how far can you get?" which took place 20 November 2019 in The Hague, the Netherlands.
Watershed Mali : strengthening civil society for sustainable WASH-IWRM in MaliIRC
The political crisis and insecurity existing in Mali since 2012 has had a negative impact on the country’s water and sanitation sector. Normative frameworks are non-existent or unknown, polices and laws are not enforced, water quality is hardly monitored and budget commitments are unclear. The lack of knowledge about the human rights to water and sanitation has led to poor accountability, and civil society organisations (CSOs) lack capacity to advocate and lobby for better services.
Within the above context, the Watershed empowering citizens Mali country programme focuses on two main issues: (1) water quality and waste management and (2) universal access to sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services. So far the programme has been able to enhance the capacities, credibility and audience of water and sanitation CSOs, including the Alliance Citoyenne Pour l’Eau et l’Assainissement (ACEA-Mali). A multi-stakeholder forum has been established and coalitions of CSOs, local government and media have been strengthened, which can mobilise stakeholders, including Parliament.
Because there enough water and faecal sludge disposal is not seen as a problem in rural areas, there is little incentive to integrate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and water resources management (WRM). Watershed is trying to stimulate integration by developing a handbook and guideline in combination with collaboration with CSO networks and donor-funded programmes.
Issues emerging from the Watershed Mali programme include how CSOs can influence decision makers to increase national WASH budget allocations infragile states, how to harmonise the institutional and legal frameworks of the WASH and WRM sectors, how to encourage innovation.
A joint presentation by Afou Chantal Bengaly (Wetlands International) and Ele Jan Saaf (SaafConsult) at the WASH Debate "Sustainable WASH service delivery and local WRM in fragile states: how far can you get?", in The Hague, the Netherlands on 20 November 2019.
WASH systems strengthening in the Central African RepublicIRC
Water for Good (WFG) works exclusively in the Central African Republic (CAR), a country facing extreme economic fragility. The road blocks set up by the non-state armed groups, which control nearly 80% of the territory, have a significant impact on the country's economy. WFG has been operating in the CAR since 2004, initially as a borehole drilling organisation, and shortly thereafter, as a handpump maintenance service provider. It has created a circuit rider approach for preventative maintenance and uses an electronic reporting system.
After joining Agenda for Change in 2017, WFG opted to adopt IRC's systems approach to go beyond their preventative maintenance programme and work towards universal, sustainable access. WFG opted to pilot a district-wide approach in Mambéré-Kadéi, while maintaining periodic preventative maintenance in other prefectures. In the pilot area, WFG focused on the following system blocking blocks: infrastructure, monitoring, finance, planning and institutions. At the same time it is helping to build up regional capacity for systems strengthening.
In conclusion, WFG believes it is possible to strengthen systems in fragile states, thanks to their organisation's long-term presence in CAR, their ability to plug short-term projects into the larger roadmap, and their ability to work with systems champions. The intention is not to build parallel systems, but to champion a roadmap that is both supported by all WASH stakeholders and adequately funded.
Presentation by David De Armey, Director of International Partnerships, Water for Good at the WASH Debate "Sustainable WASH service delivery and local WRM in fragile states: how far can you get?", in The Hague, the Netherlands on 20 November 2019.
Finding the flow in fragile contexts : IWRM in MaliIRC
What has World Waternet learned by implementing an integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach in Mali? In the Blue Deal Dji Don project, World Waternet supports the Agence Nationale de Gestion des Stations d’Épuration du Mali (ANGESEM) to improve wastewater management. Presentation by Annette Rozendaal-Morón, World Waternet at the WASH Debate "Sustainable WASH service delivery and local WRM in fragile states: how far can you get?", in The Hague, the Netherlands on 20 November 2019.
This presentation by Ambrose Kibuuka is a part of IRC’s in-house “What’s for Lunch series”, It reviews progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for sanitation and hygiene, sector trends focusing on Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and sanitation marketing, and how rich nations achieved universal access to sanitation. It also briefly looks at WASH linkages with climate change, stunting, nutrition, and gender and social inclusion. The presentation concludes that unsafely managed sanitation, especially in rural areas, remains a challenge in developing countries as a result of population growth, climate change and the lack of funding for on-site sanitation and faecal sludge removal. Systems strengthening (in particular access to financing) and strong public commitment are required to achieve universal access to sanitation by 2030. The presentation includes a list of 21 references.
Social accountability : civil society and the human rights to water and sanit...IRC
The Watershed programme supports civil society organisations (CSOs) both on normative content (and claiming their rights if not yet met) as well as supporting CSOs to engage in the procedural part/principles of human rights to water and sanitation. The social accountability approach used by Watershed is based on the principles of access to information, non-discrimination, accountability and participation. The role of CSOs includes holding government to account for their obligation to ensure that everyone’s human rights are fulfilled, protected and respected. For this Watershed uses the Social Accountability Model developed by Water Witness International. Conclusions and reflection are provided on how this model has been used in Kenya and Bangladesh. Presentation by Esther de Vreede, Simavi, at the WASH Debate “Dialogue and dissent: Looking at the role of civil society in achieving SDG 6 by 2030”, in The Hague, the Netherlands on 26 June 2019.
Wash Debates: Looking at the role of civil society in achieving SDG 6 by 2030IRC
What can civil society organisations do to advance progress towards SDG 6? What are the major obstacles that impede their efforts and more importantly, how can they be overcome?
Images from the IRC WASH Debates series, which took place 26 June 2019 in The Hague, the Netherlands.
The end of the poldermodel? : the role of dissent in Dutch international wate...IRC
The Dutch NGO Both Ends is involved in two Strategic Partnerships for Dialogue & Dissent funded by the Netherlands government. One of them, the Fair Green & Global (FGG) Alliance, support capacity building of civil society organisations (CSOs) to effectively voice their views and hold policymakers and companies to account. The role of dissent is seen to contribute towards equality, equity and justice. The lessons learned by the FGG Alliance to address the concerns of Indonesian CSOs regarding land reclamations in Jakarta Bay Masterplan will be taken up to support CSO involvement in the Manila Bay Sustainable Development Masterplan in the Philippines. The challenges and opportunities for CSO involvement in Dutch-funded interventions in developing countries are briefly outlined. Presentation by Giacomo Galli at the WASH Debate “Dialogue and dissent: Looking at the role of civil society in achieving SDG 6 by 2030”, in The Hague, the Netherlands on 26 June 2019.
Voice for Change Partnership : roles of CSOs in achieving SDG6IRC
The Voice for Change Partnership (V4CP) programme is a capacity development programme for civil society organizations (CSOs) in six countries across four areas including water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). VCP is a partnership between DGIS, SNV, IFPRI (International Food Policy and Research Institute) and CSOs. The capacity development activities focus on evidence creation and dissemination, and evidence-based advocacy. In Kenya, the V4CP WASH component supports CSO advocacy for improved stakeholder participation and coordination, increased budget allocation, and influencing policy review and development. CSOs used evidence from GIS mapping and the water testing to convince county governments to take action to improve sanitation. The data collected was also used to advocate for increased sanitation investment participatory budgeting. The presentation concludes with challenges and lessons learnt from the Kenya the V4CP WASH component. Presented at the WASH Debate “Dialogue and dissent: Looking at the role of civil society in achieving SDG 6 by 2030”, in The Hague, the Netherlands on 26 June 2019.
Voice for Change Partnership : roles of CSOs in achieving SDG6
Overview of faecal sludge management challenges and practices
1. Supporting water sanitation
and hygiene services for life
The Hague, The Netherlands
Thursday 17 April 2014
Overview of faecal sludge
management challenges
and practices
Erick Baetings
IRC
2. Index
• Context
• Rural FSM challenges and practices
• Small town FSM challenges and
practices
• Urban FSM challenges and practices
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
3. Putting it in context | FSM challenges
• Most programs focus(ed) on increasing access to
sanitation facilities by investing in onsite sanitation
systems.
• The management of onsite sanitation remains a neglected
component of urban (and rural) sanitation.
• Result: onsite facilities have become major sources of
groundwater and surface water pollution, with
significant environmental, public health, and
economic impacts.
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
4. 2.4 billion people with access to sewers, 2.6 billion
require FSM services, 1.9 billion lack any services
Putting it in context | FSM challenges
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
Source: Source: www.worldmapper.org
The Boston Consulting Group, December 2012
5. Putting it in context | FSM challenges
Today, ~2.6 billion people worldwide are served by
(onsite) sanitation methods1 that need faecal sludge
management
If current trends persist, by 2030, FSM services may
be required by some 4.9 billion people
Estimated volume of faecal sludge comes to some 245
billion litres per year with a market potential of $2.3
billion per year
(The Boston Consulting Group, December 2012)
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
1Septic tanks, flush/pour-flush pits, and dry pit latrines
6. Putting it in context | FSM challenges
Key challenges:
• Limited awareness of policymakers on FSM
• Lack of legal and regulatory framework for FSM resulting in
informal and unregulated service provision
• Limited performance of existing sanitation technologies
• Limited capacity to design, construct, and operate FSM
infrastructure
• Ignorance on potential of faecal sludge for productive use in
agriculture and energy sectors
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
7. FSM practices
Faecal sludge service chain
The entire chain requires attention and all links needs to be
addressed
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
Containment Emptying Transport Treatment
Disposal
or reuse
8. FSM | Rural challenges & practices
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
9. FSM practices | Rural challenges & practices
• Still relatively problem free but FSM can not be ignored much
longer
• Manual pit emptying is most common as access to
mechanised pit emptying services is limited
• Currently there are basically only three options when pit is full:
1) Abandon toilet altogether
2) Empty pit (manually) and dispose sludge in another pit or directly
in the environment (fields, open water bodies, etc.)
3) Dig a new pit and build new toilet
• Need for compost is high to improve organic composition and
structure of the soil BUT sludge is hardly reused
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
10. Offset latrine with double alternating pits
Double pit composting latrines
Urine diverting dry toilet (UDDT)
FSM | Rural challenges & practices
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
• Appropriate sanitation technology options are available:
11. FSM | Rural challenges & practices
• Limited attention to develop viable business models
• BRAC WASH programme in Bangladesh is developing and
testing faecal sludge productive use business models:
Small-scale businesses: local production of organic
fertiliser by making use of micro-enterprises
Large-scale business proposition: digestion of a mix of
agricultural waste, chicken manure and faecal sludge to
produce 3,000 MWh electricity and about 1,500 tons of
organic fertiliser
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
12. FSM | Small town challenges & practices
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
13. FSM | Small town challenges & practices
Smaller towns are likely to have rural characteristics with
the same challenges and solutions
Alternative sanitation technologies need to be promoted if
population density increases:
Individual septic tanks
Communal septic tanks (e.g. Borda’s DEWATS)
Other?
BMGF’s ‘Reinvent the toilet’ programme is expected to
come up with appropriate technologies that are safe
(100% removal of pathogens), affordable ($
0.05/person/day), appealing, user-centred, and
sustainable (service providers can recoup all lifecycle
costs)
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
14. FSM | Urban challenges & practices
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
15. FSM | Urban challenges & practices
• Cities face the biggest problems – biggest challenges!
• Problems are most severe in low-income settlements and
slums:
Limited space to build individual toilets
Limited access to mechanised pit emptying services
Land tenure issues
Financial constraints
Lack of pro-poor financing mechanisms
Etc.
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
16. FSM | Urban challenges & practices
Containment
• Most human faeces are not contained safely
• So-called ‘septic tanks’ do not function
effectively
• Faecal sludge finds its way directly into the
environment
• Need to ensure safe containment of onsite
sanitation by setting and enforcing building and
emptying regulations
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
17. FSM | Urban challenges & practices
Emptying and transportation
• Existing services: informal and outside public
sector control
• Small operators: difficult to run a profitable
business
• Market: poorly regulated and enforced
• Often sludge does not reach official dumping
site due to indiscriminate dumping of sludge
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
18. FSM | Urban challenges & practices
Treatment and disposal
• Only a small % is being treated due to lack of
dedicated facilities
• Western-style treatment facilities require
massive investments
• Appropriate sludge treatment plants are
needed to ensure a complete and effective
sanitation value chain
• Limited sludge disposal options
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
19. FSM | Urban challenges & practices
Productive use of faecal sludge
• Limited successful examples of models that
can work at scale
• Limited interest from private sector due to lack
of profitable business models
• Potential business models are being
developed to convert human waste (mixed with
other waste) to fuel, fertilisers or electricity
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
20. Faecal waste flows in Dhaka, Bangladesh
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
(WSP, March 2014)
21. References
Shrestha, R.R. (October 2013) Urban Sanitation: A Growing Challenge with
Opportunities. Available at:
http://www.sacosanv.gov.np/userfiles/files/Roshan%20Raj%20Shrestha(1).pdf
USAID (January 2010) A Rapid Assessment of Septage Management in Asia:
Policies and Practices in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Prepared by AECOM International
Development, Inc. and the Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing
Countries (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and
Technology (Eawag)
The Boston Consulting Group (December 2012) Global FSM Market Sizing +
Archetypes. Prepared for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
WSP (March 2014) The missing link in sanitation service delivery, A review
of fecal sludge management in 12 cities
OVERVIEW OF FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES
22. Visiting address
Bezuidenhoutseweg 2
2594 AV The Hague
The Netherlands
Postal address
P.O. Box 82327
2508 EH The Hague
The Netherlands
T +31 70 3044000
info@ircwash.org
www.ircwash.org
Supporting water sanitation
and hygiene services for life