The document provides tips for writing clear and effective news stories in 3 sentences or less:
1) Get straight to the point by using the who, what, when, where, why structure and avoid long introductions.
2) Use short, simple sentences and avoid complex words to ensure readers understand the key details.
3) Provide specific, concrete details rather than vague terms so readers have a clear picture of the events.
This document provides an overview of informative/explanatory writing standards under the Common Core and guidance for teachers on how to implement these standards in their classrooms. It outlines the essential skills for informative writing, including introducing topics, organizing ideas, developing topics with facts and details, using transitions, precise language, and maintaining a formal style. Teachers are given examples of writing prompts and assignments they can use, as well as guidance on structuring lessons, using rubrics and anchor papers to assess student writing, and electronic resources for additional support.
The document discusses the importance and role of editorials in newspapers. It explains that editorials represent the opinion of the newspaper and are written by an editorial board. They can be used to explain issues, evaluate actions, or persuade readers. Effective editorials involve research, addressing opposing views, and concluding remarks. The document also discusses involving readers through letters to the editor and opinion features.
This document provides information on feature writing, including the differences between hard news and soft news. It discusses the structure of feature stories and how they differ from traditional news stories. Feature writing combines factual reporting with creative writing techniques. The document outlines the key elements of feature writing, including developing the lead/introduction, body, and conclusion. It also provides examples of different types of feature topics and leads, and steps for developing a successful feature story from prewriting to proofreading.
Note: Game of Thrones - themed powerpoint (lol)
What were the articles and newspapers published in the early 19th and 20th century Philippines? Learn about it here, along with the names of their publishers and some GoT puns. XD
ITFT_Media_Types of editorials, planning and writing the editorialA P
This document discusses the different types of editorials, including argument and persuasion editorials, information and interpretation editorials, editorials of criticism, commendation, argumentation, mood, and special occasions. It also provides guidance on planning and writing editorials, such as deciding on an issue, researching the topic, developing an outline, stating an opinion, explaining both sides of the issue, refuting opposing views, and concluding with a solution. The key aspects of a good editorial are an objective explanation of the issue, opposing viewpoints, the writer's professional opinions, alternative solutions, and a concise conclusion.
This document provides information and guidance about writing an informative process essay. It discusses the key elements of a process essay, including that it explains the steps of a process in order to help the reader understand how something is done or accomplished. The document emphasizes that a process essay needs to not only list the steps, but also explain why each step is important, the order they must be completed in, and any potential problems or variations. It provides questions for writers to consider to help explain the process effectively. The document also gives tips for writing the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion to clearly outline the steps and purpose of the process being described.
Objectives:
1. Determine/explain the definition of each claims.
2. Give examples to each claims.
3. Give some additional ideas or summarization of each claims
Identifying topics, main ideas, and supporting detailsLeah Jane Aniasco
This document discusses how to identify topics, main ideas, and supporting details in texts. It explains that every paragraph has a main idea, which is the most significant point the author wants to convey. The main idea can be stated at the beginning, middle, or end of a paragraph. Supporting details describe or explain the main idea by providing information about who, what, when, where, why, how much, or how many. The document provides tips for identifying main ideas such as paying attention to the first sentences of a passage and looking for ideas that are repeated.
This document provides an overview of informative/explanatory writing standards under the Common Core and guidance for teachers on how to implement these standards in their classrooms. It outlines the essential skills for informative writing, including introducing topics, organizing ideas, developing topics with facts and details, using transitions, precise language, and maintaining a formal style. Teachers are given examples of writing prompts and assignments they can use, as well as guidance on structuring lessons, using rubrics and anchor papers to assess student writing, and electronic resources for additional support.
The document discusses the importance and role of editorials in newspapers. It explains that editorials represent the opinion of the newspaper and are written by an editorial board. They can be used to explain issues, evaluate actions, or persuade readers. Effective editorials involve research, addressing opposing views, and concluding remarks. The document also discusses involving readers through letters to the editor and opinion features.
This document provides information on feature writing, including the differences between hard news and soft news. It discusses the structure of feature stories and how they differ from traditional news stories. Feature writing combines factual reporting with creative writing techniques. The document outlines the key elements of feature writing, including developing the lead/introduction, body, and conclusion. It also provides examples of different types of feature topics and leads, and steps for developing a successful feature story from prewriting to proofreading.
Note: Game of Thrones - themed powerpoint (lol)
What were the articles and newspapers published in the early 19th and 20th century Philippines? Learn about it here, along with the names of their publishers and some GoT puns. XD
ITFT_Media_Types of editorials, planning and writing the editorialA P
This document discusses the different types of editorials, including argument and persuasion editorials, information and interpretation editorials, editorials of criticism, commendation, argumentation, mood, and special occasions. It also provides guidance on planning and writing editorials, such as deciding on an issue, researching the topic, developing an outline, stating an opinion, explaining both sides of the issue, refuting opposing views, and concluding with a solution. The key aspects of a good editorial are an objective explanation of the issue, opposing viewpoints, the writer's professional opinions, alternative solutions, and a concise conclusion.
This document provides information and guidance about writing an informative process essay. It discusses the key elements of a process essay, including that it explains the steps of a process in order to help the reader understand how something is done or accomplished. The document emphasizes that a process essay needs to not only list the steps, but also explain why each step is important, the order they must be completed in, and any potential problems or variations. It provides questions for writers to consider to help explain the process effectively. The document also gives tips for writing the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion to clearly outline the steps and purpose of the process being described.
Objectives:
1. Determine/explain the definition of each claims.
2. Give examples to each claims.
3. Give some additional ideas or summarization of each claims
Identifying topics, main ideas, and supporting detailsLeah Jane Aniasco
This document discusses how to identify topics, main ideas, and supporting details in texts. It explains that every paragraph has a main idea, which is the most significant point the author wants to convey. The main idea can be stated at the beginning, middle, or end of a paragraph. Supporting details describe or explain the main idea by providing information about who, what, when, where, why, how much, or how many. The document provides tips for identifying main ideas such as paying attention to the first sentences of a passage and looking for ideas that are repeated.
An extemporaneous speech is a planned speech delivered with the help of notes rather than being memorized word-for-word. It is more spontaneous than memorized speeches. When preparing an extemporaneous speech, the speaker should identify if the topic is a question of fact, value, or policy. They should determine the purpose of the speech, consider all sides of the issue, and create an outline with an attention-grabbing introduction, three main points supported by examples, and a conclusion that restates the thesis. Proper preparation and organization is key to a successful extemporaneous speech.
There are several types of essays including descriptive, definition, narrative, compare and contrast, persuasive, and argumentative. Descriptive essays provide vivid details to help readers visualize what is being described. Definition essays explain what a term means using facts and examples. Narrative essays tell a story from a subjective point of view using first-person perspective. Compare and contrast essays examine relationships between two or more topics. Persuasive essays try to convince readers of a point of view using strong supporting evidence. Argumentative essays address controversial issues by presenting a claim and supporting reasons while acknowledging other views.
Sdo navotas creative_writing_q2_m6_writing a craft essay.fv(22)DepEd Navotas
The document provides information about writing a craft essay module for senior high school students. It includes an introductory message for teachers and learners, outlines what students are expected to learn, and lists the development team for the module. The module focuses on teaching students how to write a craft essay that demonstrates awareness of different literary and socio-political contexts of creative writing.
The document provides guidance on writing editorials for a student newspaper. It explains that editorials state the newspaper's opinions on issues and appear on the editorial page along with columns and cartoons. The editorial board, comprised of editors and staff, determines the stances taken in editorials. There are three main types of editorials: ones that explain issues, ones that evaluate actions/situations, and ones that persuade readers by offering solutions. It is important for editorials to engage readers through letters to the editor and opinion features to encourage discussion.
The document discusses creative nonfiction, which uses literary techniques to tell factual stories in an engaging way. It combines elements of fiction such as narrative, plot, characterization, and imagery with nonfiction forms like journalism, memoir, biography, and travel writing. The goal is to communicate information like a reporter but in a way that reads like fiction. The document provides lessons for writing feature stories, including focusing on other people's stories rather than yourself, finding a compelling story, organizing it with mind maps and prewriting, conducting interviews and research, highlighting dramatic scenes, and rewriting and reorganizing. It provides examples of well-known creative nonfiction works.
This document discusses how to create an effective outline. It defines an outline as a blueprint or plan for a paper that shows the hierarchy and relationships between topics. There are two main types of outlines - a topic outline that uses words or phrases for each topic and subtopic, and a sentence outline that uses complete sentences. The document provides examples of each. It also covers the typical parts of an outline including the introduction with a thesis statement, body paragraphs with supporting evidence for each topic, and a conclusion. Key steps for creating an outline are identifying the main topic, gathering information, determining the outline type, and organizing the information in the proper format. Effective outlines demonstrate parallel structure, coordination, subordination, and proper division of topics.
The document discusses various types of features, columns, editorials, and sports journalism that can be included in newspapers and magazines. It provides details on different kinds of features like news features, informative features, personality sketches, and human interest stories. It also outlines various types of columns such as specialized columns, editorial columns, gossip columns, and columns on advice/how-to's. Editorial types discussed include editorials of information, interpretation, criticism, and argumentation. Sports journalism is also briefly touched on. The key aspects of writing game stories in sports journalism are the lede focusing on an individual player's efforts, providing more details in the body, and including quotes from coaches/players in the wrap up.
The document provides instructions for a pre-writing activity where students are asked to recall and retell in their own words a novel or short story discussed in a previous English class. It asks students to reflect on whether they found the retelling difficult and what strategies they used. The document then discusses the differences between paraphrasing and summarizing, with paraphrasing being the restatement of a passage in another form while maintaining the overall meaning, and summarizing being providing an abbreviated version of the essence of an entire text. Steps for both paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism are provided.
This document provides guidance on writing a persuasive essay, including determining the purpose, audience, and thesis statement. It outlines the typical five-paragraph structure, with an introduction, three body paragraphs presenting main points, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph includes a topic sentence, supporting examples, and a transition to the next point. The conclusion restates the thesis and main ideas. Sample essay prompts are provided on the topics of fame, lying, and petitioning parents for a privilege.
Definition is a way of giving or explaining the meaning of an abstract term or a concept. It is derived from the Latin word finire (to limit); and de(from), the explanation it gives is limited only to what the reader need to know about the term to avoid confusion with other word belonging to the same class to where the target word belongs.
The document provides an overview of feature stories and their characteristics. It defines a feature story as an in-depth article that explores issues behind news stories by focusing on background events, people, or circumstances rather than breaking news. It describes various types of feature stories and their key characteristics, such as variety in subject matter and tone, and being more descriptive and entertaining than news articles. The document also outlines best practices for writing feature stories, such as choosing interesting topics, using vivid language and quotes, and ensuring the conclusion ties together the full story.
This document provides information about feature writing, including the key elements and styles of feature stories. It defines what a feature writer and feature story are, and discusses the main differences between features and standard news stories. The document also outlines the main components of a feature story, including the lead, body, and conclusion. It provides examples of different types of feature stories and offers tips on writing techniques, such as using descriptive language, quotes, anecdotes and other devices to engage readers. Additionally, it provides guidance on developing the structure, flow, and tone of a compelling feature story.
This document discusses the key characteristics and components of a feature story. It defines a feature story as an in-depth look at current issues and events that aims to explain why and how trends are occurring. The dominant purpose is to entertain readers. Good feature stories exhibit creativity, human interest, factual content, entertainment value, timelessness, and variety in tone and style. They are structured with an attention-grabbing lead, coherent body paragraphs, and impactful conclusion. Common types of feature stories include informative, human interest, trend, how-to, personality profiles, personal experiences, humorous, interpretive, seasonal, and travelogue stories.
This document provides instructions for a student to write down potential topics they might research from newspapers and why, as well as to do an advance reading of the poem "GET UP AND BAR THE DOOR" found in their English literature textbook on pages 20-21.
This document outlines the content and performance standards for Grade 7 English in the Philippines across four quarters. It covers standards in listening comprehension, oral language, vocabulary development, and reading comprehension. For each standard, learning competencies are provided for students to achieve a high, average, or low performance level. The standards progress in complexity across the four quarters and aim to develop students' English communication skills.
Standard proofreading and editing symbols make it easier to show where changes are needed in a piece of writing. When proofreading your own or a classmate’s work, use the standard proofreading symbols that follow.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a copyreader. A copyreader edits news stories and other articles by correcting errors, removing biased or damaging statements, and ensuring the story follows proper structure and style guidelines. The copyreader also writes headlines and checks facts and attributions. A good copyreader must have a sharp eye for details and the ability to edit concisely. When preparing a story, reporters should type single-sided, double-spaced with indentation and sluglines to identify the story.
This document distinguishes between facts and opinions. It states that facts are verifiable statements about events or information that are supported by evidence, while opinions are subjective judgments that cannot be proven true or false and are influenced by personal views. The key differences outlined are that facts rely on evidence and research, represent objective reality, and are universal, whereas opinions are subjective, vary between individuals, and are open to debate.
Here is a 7-paragraph news story based on the interviews:
A fatal vehicular accident occurred along Dagupan Street in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija at around 10 in the morning today.
According to eyewitnesses, a red car speeding along Recto Avenue failed to stop at the intersection with Dagupan Street and collided with an oncoming cargo truck. Policeman Renato Aguila, who responded to the scene, said the driver of the truck claimed he lost his brakes and swerved left in an attempt to avoid hitting a pedestrian.
In the impact, the front side of the car was severely damaged. The passenger, later identified as 55-year-old Crisanta
Because I find Alito Malinao's Rules on Clear & Effective Writing very helpful for students, I came up with this presentation. I also have included some examples or additional information which I got from various sources.
The document provides guidelines for writing news stories, including techniques for gathering and structuring information. Facts should be studied, numbered by importance and unnecessary details eliminated. Stories should be written accurately and attribute sources while avoiding bias. Names and locations should be clearly identified. Young writers are advised to double space text, include a slug line, and number pages except the last. Various news structures are described, including the straight news story where the lead answers key questions (who, what, when, where, why) and the body elaborates on these details in a factual, unbiased manner.
An extemporaneous speech is a planned speech delivered with the help of notes rather than being memorized word-for-word. It is more spontaneous than memorized speeches. When preparing an extemporaneous speech, the speaker should identify if the topic is a question of fact, value, or policy. They should determine the purpose of the speech, consider all sides of the issue, and create an outline with an attention-grabbing introduction, three main points supported by examples, and a conclusion that restates the thesis. Proper preparation and organization is key to a successful extemporaneous speech.
There are several types of essays including descriptive, definition, narrative, compare and contrast, persuasive, and argumentative. Descriptive essays provide vivid details to help readers visualize what is being described. Definition essays explain what a term means using facts and examples. Narrative essays tell a story from a subjective point of view using first-person perspective. Compare and contrast essays examine relationships between two or more topics. Persuasive essays try to convince readers of a point of view using strong supporting evidence. Argumentative essays address controversial issues by presenting a claim and supporting reasons while acknowledging other views.
Sdo navotas creative_writing_q2_m6_writing a craft essay.fv(22)DepEd Navotas
The document provides information about writing a craft essay module for senior high school students. It includes an introductory message for teachers and learners, outlines what students are expected to learn, and lists the development team for the module. The module focuses on teaching students how to write a craft essay that demonstrates awareness of different literary and socio-political contexts of creative writing.
The document provides guidance on writing editorials for a student newspaper. It explains that editorials state the newspaper's opinions on issues and appear on the editorial page along with columns and cartoons. The editorial board, comprised of editors and staff, determines the stances taken in editorials. There are three main types of editorials: ones that explain issues, ones that evaluate actions/situations, and ones that persuade readers by offering solutions. It is important for editorials to engage readers through letters to the editor and opinion features to encourage discussion.
The document discusses creative nonfiction, which uses literary techniques to tell factual stories in an engaging way. It combines elements of fiction such as narrative, plot, characterization, and imagery with nonfiction forms like journalism, memoir, biography, and travel writing. The goal is to communicate information like a reporter but in a way that reads like fiction. The document provides lessons for writing feature stories, including focusing on other people's stories rather than yourself, finding a compelling story, organizing it with mind maps and prewriting, conducting interviews and research, highlighting dramatic scenes, and rewriting and reorganizing. It provides examples of well-known creative nonfiction works.
This document discusses how to create an effective outline. It defines an outline as a blueprint or plan for a paper that shows the hierarchy and relationships between topics. There are two main types of outlines - a topic outline that uses words or phrases for each topic and subtopic, and a sentence outline that uses complete sentences. The document provides examples of each. It also covers the typical parts of an outline including the introduction with a thesis statement, body paragraphs with supporting evidence for each topic, and a conclusion. Key steps for creating an outline are identifying the main topic, gathering information, determining the outline type, and organizing the information in the proper format. Effective outlines demonstrate parallel structure, coordination, subordination, and proper division of topics.
The document discusses various types of features, columns, editorials, and sports journalism that can be included in newspapers and magazines. It provides details on different kinds of features like news features, informative features, personality sketches, and human interest stories. It also outlines various types of columns such as specialized columns, editorial columns, gossip columns, and columns on advice/how-to's. Editorial types discussed include editorials of information, interpretation, criticism, and argumentation. Sports journalism is also briefly touched on. The key aspects of writing game stories in sports journalism are the lede focusing on an individual player's efforts, providing more details in the body, and including quotes from coaches/players in the wrap up.
The document provides instructions for a pre-writing activity where students are asked to recall and retell in their own words a novel or short story discussed in a previous English class. It asks students to reflect on whether they found the retelling difficult and what strategies they used. The document then discusses the differences between paraphrasing and summarizing, with paraphrasing being the restatement of a passage in another form while maintaining the overall meaning, and summarizing being providing an abbreviated version of the essence of an entire text. Steps for both paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism are provided.
This document provides guidance on writing a persuasive essay, including determining the purpose, audience, and thesis statement. It outlines the typical five-paragraph structure, with an introduction, three body paragraphs presenting main points, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph includes a topic sentence, supporting examples, and a transition to the next point. The conclusion restates the thesis and main ideas. Sample essay prompts are provided on the topics of fame, lying, and petitioning parents for a privilege.
Definition is a way of giving or explaining the meaning of an abstract term or a concept. It is derived from the Latin word finire (to limit); and de(from), the explanation it gives is limited only to what the reader need to know about the term to avoid confusion with other word belonging to the same class to where the target word belongs.
The document provides an overview of feature stories and their characteristics. It defines a feature story as an in-depth article that explores issues behind news stories by focusing on background events, people, or circumstances rather than breaking news. It describes various types of feature stories and their key characteristics, such as variety in subject matter and tone, and being more descriptive and entertaining than news articles. The document also outlines best practices for writing feature stories, such as choosing interesting topics, using vivid language and quotes, and ensuring the conclusion ties together the full story.
This document provides information about feature writing, including the key elements and styles of feature stories. It defines what a feature writer and feature story are, and discusses the main differences between features and standard news stories. The document also outlines the main components of a feature story, including the lead, body, and conclusion. It provides examples of different types of feature stories and offers tips on writing techniques, such as using descriptive language, quotes, anecdotes and other devices to engage readers. Additionally, it provides guidance on developing the structure, flow, and tone of a compelling feature story.
This document discusses the key characteristics and components of a feature story. It defines a feature story as an in-depth look at current issues and events that aims to explain why and how trends are occurring. The dominant purpose is to entertain readers. Good feature stories exhibit creativity, human interest, factual content, entertainment value, timelessness, and variety in tone and style. They are structured with an attention-grabbing lead, coherent body paragraphs, and impactful conclusion. Common types of feature stories include informative, human interest, trend, how-to, personality profiles, personal experiences, humorous, interpretive, seasonal, and travelogue stories.
This document provides instructions for a student to write down potential topics they might research from newspapers and why, as well as to do an advance reading of the poem "GET UP AND BAR THE DOOR" found in their English literature textbook on pages 20-21.
This document outlines the content and performance standards for Grade 7 English in the Philippines across four quarters. It covers standards in listening comprehension, oral language, vocabulary development, and reading comprehension. For each standard, learning competencies are provided for students to achieve a high, average, or low performance level. The standards progress in complexity across the four quarters and aim to develop students' English communication skills.
Standard proofreading and editing symbols make it easier to show where changes are needed in a piece of writing. When proofreading your own or a classmate’s work, use the standard proofreading symbols that follow.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a copyreader. A copyreader edits news stories and other articles by correcting errors, removing biased or damaging statements, and ensuring the story follows proper structure and style guidelines. The copyreader also writes headlines and checks facts and attributions. A good copyreader must have a sharp eye for details and the ability to edit concisely. When preparing a story, reporters should type single-sided, double-spaced with indentation and sluglines to identify the story.
This document distinguishes between facts and opinions. It states that facts are verifiable statements about events or information that are supported by evidence, while opinions are subjective judgments that cannot be proven true or false and are influenced by personal views. The key differences outlined are that facts rely on evidence and research, represent objective reality, and are universal, whereas opinions are subjective, vary between individuals, and are open to debate.
Here is a 7-paragraph news story based on the interviews:
A fatal vehicular accident occurred along Dagupan Street in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija at around 10 in the morning today.
According to eyewitnesses, a red car speeding along Recto Avenue failed to stop at the intersection with Dagupan Street and collided with an oncoming cargo truck. Policeman Renato Aguila, who responded to the scene, said the driver of the truck claimed he lost his brakes and swerved left in an attempt to avoid hitting a pedestrian.
In the impact, the front side of the car was severely damaged. The passenger, later identified as 55-year-old Crisanta
Because I find Alito Malinao's Rules on Clear & Effective Writing very helpful for students, I came up with this presentation. I also have included some examples or additional information which I got from various sources.
The document provides guidelines for writing news stories, including techniques for gathering and structuring information. Facts should be studied, numbered by importance and unnecessary details eliminated. Stories should be written accurately and attribute sources while avoiding bias. Names and locations should be clearly identified. Young writers are advised to double space text, include a slug line, and number pages except the last. Various news structures are described, including the straight news story where the lead answers key questions (who, what, when, where, why) and the body elaborates on these details in a factual, unbiased manner.
This document discusses what constitutes news and provides guidance for writing news stories. It defines news as a report of recent events published in newspapers or broadcast on television. When deciding what qualifies as newsworthy, reporters should consider what is novel about the story and why readers should care. There are different types of news stories, including soft news that can wait for publication and features providing an in-depth profile. Stories are judged based on newsworthiness criteria like immediacy, prominence and human interest. Effective news writing adheres to qualities like objectivity, accuracy and fairness. Stories follow an inverted pyramid structure with the most essential details in the lead paragraph and additional context in subsequent paragraphs. Reporters are advised to use active voice, conc
The document provides tips for writing good business letters and communication. It recommends 1) focusing on the reader's perspective and interests, 2) using an appropriate tone for the occasion and purpose, and 3) writing naturally and sincerely. It also suggests 4) keeping sentences short and to the point, 5) writing courteously and making the letter sound friendly, 6) avoiding unnecessary words, 7) avoiding commercial jargon, 8) writing simply and effectively, and 9) avoiding monotony. Specific alternatives to wordy phrases are provided.
This document provides basic rules and tips for effective academic writing. It recommends using formal, concise language without slang, vague terms, or filler words. Key points include using simple, clear sentences in an active voice tailored to the target audience. Writers should avoid complex sentences, jargon, cliches and metaphors. The document also emphasizes the importance of revising, editing, and practicing writing to improve.
The document outlines an agenda for a three-day conference on effective business communication from October 17-19, 2013. The conference will feature a panel of experts and discuss topics such as the purpose of communication, what communication is, challenges communicators face, and tips for success. Attendees will also have an opportunity to discuss their personal communication roadblocks and how to overcome challenges.
This document provides guidance on effective business writing. It emphasizes that clear communication is essential for leadership and business success. It outlines a four-stage writing process: pre-writing, writing, revising, and publishing. During pre-writing, writers should explore ideas, choose a topic, research, and create an outline. The writing stage involves drafting content. Editing involves revising for clarity on sentences, word choices, punctuation, spelling, and grammar. Effective writing also considers the audience, establishes purpose, crafts a clear message, and uses an appropriate style and tone.
Best practices in business writing and communicationcrobison32
This document discusses best practices in business communication and writing. It covers topics such as effective communication skills, different communication channels, ethics in communication, business presentations, reports, proposals, and more. Communication is important for business success and should be clear, brief, focused and committed. Both oral and written communication channels are used internally and externally. Professionalism, cultural awareness, and positive messaging are emphasized.
This document provides tips for effective writing. It outlines five keys: 1) put the reader first, 2) use simple words and short sentences, 3) use jargon only when necessary, 4) write with verbs and nouns using active voice, and 5) format for readability using lists, bullets and headings. Each key is explained with examples to illustrate effective versus ineffective writing. The document also provides tips on planning, organizing and writing documents clearly for the intended audience and purpose.
This document provides tips for effective writing. It outlines five keys to effective writing: 1) put the reader first, 2) use simple words and short sentences, 3) use jargon only when necessary, 4) write with verbs and nouns, and 5) format to improve readability. It then provides examples and explanations for each key. The document also discusses organizing information using different structures like division, compare/contrast, cause/effect, and problem-analysis solution. It emphasizes planning, organizing, and editing for clear, concise writing.
The document provides guidance on developing the key elements of an essay: the rhetorical situation, subject, purpose, and audience. It emphasizes starting with clear definitions. The subject should identify a problem or aspect of the topic and make an assertion about it. The purpose states what is being argued and why. The audience is identified and the essay is tailored to their knowledge and interests. These elements are the most important parts of any essay in the course.
Basic News Story Structure - JNL-1102 - Reporting and Writing I - Professor L...Linda Austin
This presentation about the basic structure of news stories goes with Chapter 3 of "Reporting and Writing News: A Basic Handbook," by Peter Eng and Jeff Hodson. It
This document outlines plans for an educational product about farm animals and farming. The product is aimed at those interested in farming as a career or hobby, farmers needing information, and students in farming courses. It will educate users about animal care, farming equipment and processes, and provide videos, pictures, and interactive games. Navigation buttons will link to species-specific pages containing slideshows, information pages, videos, and links. The home page will feature an introductory video and the site will have a red-brown color scheme and font for formal educational style.
The document provides examples of correct and incorrect usage of grammar and punctuation rules in sentences. It discusses joining independent clauses, using commas, subject-verb agreement, pronoun reference, parallel structure, active and passive voice, and integrating quotations. The examples demonstrate correcting errors by applying these rules.
The document provides guidance for a Toastmasters presentation on knowing your audience. It discusses variables to consider about an audience such as age, gender, occupation, education, interests, and goals. Understanding these characteristics helps a speaker tailor their message effectively. The outline covers gathering information about the audience, keeping their attention, determining what they want to know, and matching objectives. Researching the audience in advance helps speakers feel confident and engage their listeners.
The document provides guidance on choosing an appropriate writing style based on the purpose, audience, and subject matter. It discusses considering the purpose (such as informing or persuading), audience (whether you know them personally or not), and subject matter (whether it is factual or subjective). Based on these factors, it recommends choosing from several forms (such as reports, discussions, or instructions) and styles (formal, informal, personal, or impersonal). The goal is to use a style that clearly and explicitly conveys the intended message to the intended readers.
The document discusses principles of effective written communication. It summarizes views from two authors - Lucas who identified 10 principles including brevity, clarity, emphasis, and sound/rhythm. Kumar focused on accuracy, brevity and clarity. The conclusion is that effective writing is clear, concise, accurate, simple and ensures the reader understands the message. It also emphasizes selecting a writing style appropriate for the intended audience.
The document provides instructions for creating a PowerPoint presentation on different types of writing for digital media products. It lists the types of writing to be covered, including e-newspapers, e-magazines, how-to guides, advertisements, scripts for moving images and audio, and writing for websites. For each type, the presentation should include an online example, describe its purpose, and comment on the style of writing, font, page layout, and text alignment.
Effective writing is clear, accurate, concise writing that has a logical flow of ideas. The key elements of effective writing are brevity, simplicity, clarity, rhythm, sound, revision, communication, reading, emphasis, honesty, and passion. Writing is the primary way one's work and intellect will be judged, as it makes thinking visible and equips people with communication and thinking skills needed to effectively participate and evaluate arguments while anticipating readers' needs.
This document provides guidance on clear and effective writing. It discusses several key principles:
1. Think clearly before writing and use a who-what-why-when-where structure. Get straight to the point without long introductions.
2. Use familiar words and short sentences to ensure readers can easily understand the writing. Prefer concrete language over vague terms.
3. Write in an active voice using a conversational tone similar to how one would speak. Limit unnecessary words and adjectives.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 41Bilal Ahmed
1. The document provides instructions on how to write a summary by condensing large amounts of information from a longer passage into a shorter form including only the main points and supporting ideas.
2. It defines a summary as a brief, clear statement that presents the essence of a longer passage in a cohesive and readable way. The reasons for learning to summarize include improving English reading, writing, and critical thinking skills.
3. The document outlines the steps for writing a summary which include carefully reading the passage multiple times, identifying and numbering key points, removing unnecessary details, arranging the points logically, and writing the summary in clear English sentences.
The document provides guidance on simple and clear writing. It recommends reducing adjectives and adverbs, as they are not necessary and can tire readers. Nouns and verbs are the most important components of language. Good writing uses active verbs to show something happening with a subject and object, rather than passive "to be" verbs. Several exercises are provided to practice concise writing within a limited number of words or syllables. Editing should follow logical structure, consistency, and removing unnecessary parts.
The document provides information on writing letters to the editor. It explains that letters to the editor allow readers to voice their opinions on issues to a wider audience. The document outlines tips for writing effective letters, including grabbing the reader's attention in the opening sentence, clearly stating the purpose and importance of the issue, providing evidence to support any claims, stating what should be done, and keeping the letter brief. Readers are also advised to include their contact information when signing off.
Here are revised versions of the sentences using "only" in a more precise location:
1. The clerk reviewed the statement for the purpose of checking only for errors.
2. All the students must know only the absolutely basic fundamentals of grammar.
3. The politician tried to only make his influence felt among the citizens.
4. The bank teller asked the customer to only endorse the check on the back.
5. The governor’s assistant gave only a speech on the subject of the resources of Texas.
6. The patient was to only take his medicine at regular intervals of time.
This document outlines notes from a class on oral communication skills. It discusses improving written communication skills through practice, style, and calls to action. It also covers techniques to emphasize written communication such as repetition, mechanical means like color and italics, and punctuation. The document defines a paragraph and effective paragraphs through topic sentences, supporting details, conclusion sentences, and transition words. It concludes with references.
Word choice is important in writing because it determines whether readers will understand the intended meaning. Using the wrong word can cause sentences to become nonsensical or humorous. Precise word choice is key to clear communication. Writers should avoid wordiness, redundancy, unnecessary repetition, inflated phrases, passive voice, jargon, pretentious language, sexist language, and cliches. Careful attention to denotation, connotation, idioms, and figurative devices also helps ensure meaning is conveyed as intended.
This document provides a summary of the growing popularity of Indian English literature in recent decades. It notes that the number of publications in this genre has increased significantly, with fiction by Indian authors gaining particular popularity. Some of the key factors contributing to this rise include the growth of digital platforms that have encouraged more people to take up writing, as well as socio-economic changes that have expanded the market for published books. However, the document also argues that newer generations of media-savvy writers and publishers, who focus more on marketing, have an advantage over older authors who relied solely on the strength of their writing. It concludes by emphasizing the responsibility of readers, reviewers and organizations like Storizen to actively promote high-quality Indian English
This document discusses principles of effective writing. It begins by quoting two experts on writing, emphasizing that good writing clearly communicates ideas. The document then asks what makes good writing and what makes a good writer. It argues that having something to say, logical thinking, and learning simple writing rules are more important than innate talent or education. The rest of the document provides tips for good writing, such as stripping sentences down to their essential components, revising, and learning to cut excess words. It emphasizes the importance of clear thinking and using an active voice with subjects, verbs, and objects.
This document discusses common errors in scientific writing. It provides examples of grammatical errors to avoid, such as inconsistent use of singular and plural forms. Maintaining the correct tense is also important when describing experiments and results. Reading work aloud can help identify issues with clarity or flow. Using concise language and avoiding unnecessary words improves writing quality.
This document discusses common errors in scientific writing. It provides examples of grammatical errors to avoid, such as inconsistent use of singular and plural forms. Maintaining the correct tense is also important when describing experiments and results. Reading work aloud can help identify issues with clarity or flow. Using concise language and avoiding unnecessary words improves writing quality.
Tip 1 advises writers to consider their target reader and choose clear, appropriate language for the reader's level of understanding. Tip 2 recommends keeping sentences short on average between 15-20 words while varying sentence length. Tip 3 suggests using active verbs over passive verbs for clearer writing. Tip 4 cautions against unnecessary nominalizations which can make writing dull. Tip 5 encourages emphasizing positive language over negative.
Day 6--SDP-TPG-Writing Emails Professionally.pptSujatha Singh
This document provides tips for effective business English writing. It discusses the importance of clear, concise, and correct writing. Key tips include using active voice, eliminating unnecessary words, avoiding wasted words and redundancy. Proper punctuation, grammar, and knowledge of the intended audience are also emphasized. Effective business writing focuses on communicating the key points in as straightforward a manner as possible.
This document provides tips for writing damn good sentences. It discusses how the primacy and recency effects impact how readers remember information based on its position. Studies show changing the order of adjectives used to describe someone can alter the perception of them. When crafting sentences, writers should consider inserting relevant facts, creating vivid images, evoking emotion, making promises to readers, and practicing sentence writing techniques. Exercises like copying great sentences, focusing on openings/closings, and perfecting headlines, subject lines, and tweets can help improve sentence writing skills over time.
Literary theorist and legal scholar Stanley Fish said, “The skill it takes to produce a sentence, the skill of lining events, actions, and objects in a strict logic — is also the skill of creating a world.”
In other words, sentences are the engines of creativity. But your sentences don’t have to say much. They just have to say the right things.
So, when you are trying to get people to respond to your requests, subscribe to your email newsletter, or donate to your cause … you need to write seductive sentences, and you need to do it naturally.
Here’s how it’s done.
Set realistic expectations and trust your instincts. These are two attitudes for writing success covered in this slideshow. This slideshow includes important attitudes in your writing to cultivate a successful writing process, life, and result in all of your writing projects.
This document provides guidance on principles of effective writing. It discusses using clear, concise language without unnecessary words. Good writing communicates ideas effectively through short, straightforward sentences with strong verbs and the active voice. It encourages cutting extra words and phrases, and focusing on the key ideas and actions in the text. Effective writing is a learned skill that involves careful editing to remove unnecessary content.
Different Rhetorical StrategiesIt is 8 essays short.1.Inssuzannewarch
Different Rhetorical Strategies
It is 8 essays short.
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F. Scott Fitzgerald's best known novel is in part a description of America in the 1920's - the Jazz Age. A tragic, horrible war has just ended and the country is obsessed with having a good time. The self-made, corrupt millionaire Jay Gatsby typifies the period’s obsessions: money, pleasure, and, according to Fitzgerald, the endless reaching for an “orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us.” Gatsby never achieves his dreams, just as many Americans lose their way toward the American Dream by embracing hollow values.
Write a short essay describing a well-known person, group, or event that is inherently interesting but even more interesting when thought of as symptomatic of a trend in society or a period in history. Think of a dominant impression that expresses the essence of your subject and support it with sensory and vivid details and examples.
Use the following tips to help you complete the assignment:
- Narrow your topic to a single person, group, or event. Focus on the dominant impression for your subject. Include examples and details that support that dominant impression.
- Organize your essay logically. Description essays are typically organized in spatial order or in general-to-specific order or specific-to-general order, but you can use any organization pattern that works best.
- Use sensory and vivid details and examples to help your reader visualize your subject.
- To expand the essay, you might imagine something surprising that could happen involving your subject in the near future. Continue to support your dominant impression with vivid details and examples.
2.The Mexican-American author Richard Rodriguez has written in a narrative essay that he grew up in a home in California in which Spanish was primarily spoken. He gradually learned English and later became a prominent writer and essayist. However, he also felt that his success in America had cost him a high price—his alienation from his past, his parents, and his culture.
Write a short essay about an experience—yours or that of someone you know—that taught you something important. Think about an important experience in which you learned something about yourself. Then, use the following tips to help you complete the assignment:
- Limit your focus. Narrow your topic to one experience and your thoughts about that.
- Organize logically. Most narrative essays use chronological (time) organization, the order in which events occurred.
- Include specifics. Use specific examples and, if appropriate, sensory details to help readers to understand how and why you learned what you did (your main point).
- To expand the essay, you might write about the effects of what you learned. Did it change your life, even in a small way? Did it have an effect on others? Are you a different person now because of what you learned? Why?
3.Visit the website of a public figure or can ...
Discourse Analysis in Introduction to Educational LinguisticsRiskaBatubara5
The document provides an overview of discourse analysis. It discusses key concepts in discourse analysis including interpreting discourse through understanding cohesion, coherence, speech events, and conversation analysis. It also covers Grice's Cooperative Principle and its four maxims of conversation. Background knowledge such as schemas and scripts are important for interpreting discourse. The summary provides a high-level view of some of the main topics and concepts covered in the document relating to discourse analysis.
Similar to Clear And Effective Writing The News Story Powerpoint Maam (20)
Discourse Analysis in Introduction to Educational Linguistics
Clear And Effective Writing The News Story Powerpoint Maam
1. Clear and Effective Writing the News Story MA. CRISTINA M. FELICIANO School Paper Adviser Justice Cecilia Munoz Palma High School
2. 1. Think First, Then Write Clear writing is the result of clear thinking. To write clearly, you must think beforehand. The pattern you can use most often is the who-what-why-when-where order of the news story. A good rule would be: to get your reader’s interest, lead off with something interesting and promising; wind up with something you want him to remember.
3. 2. Get to the Point Don’t start off in a round-about fashion. Don’t bore your reader with a long-winded introduction. If you do, your reader is likely to quit reading before he gets the main idea. Here’s an example of an involved lead taken from an afternoon daily.
4. “ MAKATI, Dec.2 – After carefully assessing the status of the company, with particular reference to its record performance, present position and future prospects, the board of directors of the __________ Company at a special meeting held last Friday resolved that the proposal to dissolve the corporation be held on March 22, 1999. The dissolution will be accomplished by shortening the term of corporate existence to June 1999.” In contrast, the headline of this story came to the point quickly, “Firm to Close Shop.”
5. 3. Use Familiar Words You won’t lose your reader if you give him more short sentences and fewer complex words. There are millions of words in the English Language. But did you know that only 500 of them account only for 75 percent of all that is said in print? There is no better way to clear, crisp writing style than short sentences and short words. Look at this list culled from our newspapers and office memoranda:
6.
7. 4. Omit Verbal Deadwood Effective writing is concise. You can be concise by dropping unnecessary words from phrases or sentences. Every word should tell. There is no reason to call a spade “A long-handed instrument for turning earth in a garden.” Here are some examples of verbal deadwood drawn from Philippine newspapers and inter-office memoranda:
8. For the reason that - Because Tendered his resignation - Resigned Told his listeners - Said Used for fuel purposes - Fueled In the immediate vicinity - Near At the present time - Now Affixed his signature - Signed United in the holy matrimony - Married Held a conference - Met Was able to make his escape - Escaped
9. In the following samples, the underline words should be omitted: Advance prediction Free gift Fatal killing A period of two Weeks Definitely decided Past History New recruits Final conclusion Other alternative Dead body
10. 5. Keep Your Sentence Short The logic of writing short sentences is obvious. The reader absorbs the idea faster. The longer the sentence, the more words. The more words, the more relationships. The more relationships, the more effort for the reader. The more chance he will misunderstand, the sooner he will quit reading. People don’t like to read material made up of 40-word sentences, even if they get it for free. Reading tends to become hard when sentences exceeds 20 words. Look at this table:
11. Average Sentence Length in Words This paragraph comes from an office memo: “ Should the supply of gasoline sent your establishment prove insufficient to meet the demand, application should be made to this office for an additional quantity.” This 25-word sentence could be revised to read: “If you need more gasoline, ask us.” Note that we are talking about averages. There is nothing wrong with a 40-word sentence, or even a 60-word sentence, now and then. But balance these long sentences with some short once of five or ten words, to keep the average length to 15 words. 29 or more words Very Difficult 25 words Difficult 21 words Fairly Difficult 17 words Standard 14 words or less Fairly Easy 11 or less Easy 8 or less Very Easy
12. 6. Shorten Your Paragraphs Short paragraphs are better for three reasons. Visually, they are easy on the eye. It also signals the reader that a new step in the development of the subject will begin. Short paragraphs make for easy reference. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a sentence that suggests the topic or a transition sentence. Each paragraph should complete a single thought. After the paragraph has been written, see whether you can further break it into two.
13. 7. Use Specific, Concrete Language Use lots of concrete, specific words that stand for things you and your reader can see, hear, taste, touch and smell. Concrete nouns help focus your reader’s attention. Always prefer the specific to the general, the definite to the vague, and the concrete to the abstract. Furthermore, you must watch out for “vague” or “imprecise” words. “Crime” for instance is vague. It may range all the way from jaywalking to murder.
14. Here are examples of vague words culled from newspaper reports: (town, barrio, city) Community (salary, bribe, reward) Monetary Consideration (deed of sale, record, certificate, treaty) Document (suit for damages, criminal case) Legal Action (wedding, mass, award) Ceremony (Jaycees, Catholic Action, YMCA) Organization (collision, a fall from the building, slip, etc.) Accident (fire, explosion, drowning, cave-in) Tragedy
15. Precision pays. The search for the precise word should extend to sentences. Consider these examples: Abstract words make your writing dull and vague. If you want to keep your writing clear and crisp and understandable, use concrete nouns and verbs. Be precise. He denounced the Communists. He spoke in disparaging terms about the radical element. Five hundred attended the caucus. A large number assembled for the meeting. Police took a .32 caliber automatic from his hip pocket. Officers removed a gun from his clothing. His skull was fractured with a hammer. His head was injured by a blunt instrument. Precise: Vague:
16. 8. Prefer the Simple to the Complex If you write so that you can easily be understood, prefer the simple to the complex. Prefer the simple word to the complicated word. Prefer the simple sentence to the complex sentence. Prefer the simple paragraph to the involved one.
17. 9. Be Positive Make definite assertions by following the natural order of thought: Subject, verb, object. Avoid hesitating, round-about language. A bureaucrat tends to write: “ With respect to the question of pets, Mary exercised rights over a certain juvenile member of the sheep family.” But the child simply says: “Mary had a little lamb.”
18. 10. Use the Active Voice Write most of your sentences like this: Somebody does something – and watch your writing come to life. Very often it is the natural order / method by which a person breaks news to another. We call this the active voice. It gives snap and punch to your writing. Consider this example from local paper: 1. Congressmen demanded today the firing of all NAPOCOR officials. (Active) 2. The firing of all NAPOCOR officials was demanded today by Congressmen. (Passive)
19. Verbs make a story sparkle. For instance: The sentence “Newspaper circulation grew steadily” is more brisk and vigorous the “The growth of newspaper circulation has been steady”. Finally, use verbs in the active voice, whenever possible. The bulletin board of a local news-magazine office offers an example of a sentence with a passive verb: It is requested that the production department be notified of any charge in deadlines.” This could be simplified to read: “Please notify the production department if there is any change in deadlines.”
20. 11. Write As You Talk A conversational tone makes for readable reading. It increases interest. It helps understanding, too. Don’t lapse into the stuffy business jargon that has no relation to the way business people talk face-to-face. For instance, a Philippine navy officer had this order posted on the bulletin board of his base office.
21. “ Effective immediately, the practice of endeavoring by words, gestures or otherwise, to beg, invite or secure transportation in any motor vehicle not engaged in passenger travel or hire or otherwise acting as a commercial passenger carrier, by officers and / or enlisted men or women in the naval service at any point within the boundaries of this naval command is forbidden.” And all he meant: “Don’t ask for free rides!” Try this. Next time you have to write something, get a mental picture of the reader. Then talk to him on paper.
22. 12. Use Adjectives Sparingly Properly used, adjectives can help you write good reports. But too many adjectives result in rich, ornate prose that is hard to digest and is sometimes nauseating. Read this report of the former First Lady’s state visit – and weep: “ KYOTO, Japan, May 25 – A blue-white flash of modern magic today wafted the First Lady of the Philippines away from Tokyo’s withering clangor to the security of this ancient imperial realm.” “ Fan-twirling geishas danced and sang to the sad thrumming of the samisen and Mrs. Evangelina Macapagal, with Japanese and Philippine friends, nibbled succulent yakitori and crisp-coated tempura beside an emerald lake. “ At the ancient private Nomura gardens a hidden waterfall whispered amid tall pines and spreading Japanese maples. A white swan glided with arched wings across the water, dappled only by the movement of a great, lazy goldfish tasting the cool afternoon air.” Oftentimes experienced editors become suspicious when they spot adjective-laden reports. They know that oftentimes adjectives merely cloak a reporters’ lack of hard facts.
23. 13.Revise and Sharpen Revising is a part of writing. Look for “fat” words that say nothing. Look for worn-out phrases. Look for unnecessary sentences. Look for paragraphs that don’t carry their own weight. Cross out all of them. You will be amazed at the crisp sound of what is left. So chop that long paragraph in two.
24. 14. Write To Express, Not To Impress The person who can express complex ideas simple is likely to go farther in the world than the person who writes gobbledygook. Some people may be impressed if you write economic reports this way: “ An exercise that seeks quantitative answers relating to a period which is some distance away in the future must by it very nature by highly tentative.” But your readers will understand this better if you just write: “What followed was largely guesswork.”
26. The structure of the news story The news story consists of the following: 1. The first paragraph which is referred to as the lead, is a sentence that contains the most important or the most interesting element of the story. Example: Shiela Marie B. Tagpis, IV – 1 of T. Paez Integrated School, bagged the gold medal for having been adjudged NCR champion in an on-the-spot writing contest sponsored by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources on November 15, at the Philamlife Auditorium.
27. 2. One or two additional paragraphs on the highlights of the story. Example: Aside from the gold medal, Tagpis was awarded a cash prize of P5, 000 for her feat. She bested contestants from six divisions.
28. 3. Elaboration Example: Her winning piece was “Endangered Marine Life: A National Concern.” Tagpis was trained by Miss Vanessa T. Cruz, English Teacher. Dr. Rosario T. Saludes, principal, was present during the awarding ceremonies.
29. The Lead A special beginning paragraph or paragraphs are called the lead opens the news story. It answers the who, what, why, when, where, and how questions to provide quick identification of persons, places and events necessary for quick understanding of the story. A good lead is short and provocative. As much as possible, the first paragraph must have only one sentence. It must come naturally which allows the rest of the story to flow from it.
30. Body Development of the News Story The lead is the news story in capsule. It serves to arouse the interest of the reader by the way of giving him the essentials of the story. His interest kindled, his most natural tendency is to want to know more. He wants the details of the story. Hence, the need for the body of the story which explains or elaborates the feature or features on the lead.
31. Framework of the News Story The framework of the news story may be the inverted pyramid of the chronological order. The inverted pyramid places features of the story according to decreasing importance. The reader may stop reading anywhere or at any point in the story but misses no fact more important that what he has already read. The inverted pyramid is appropriate for fact stories.
32. The chronological order, on the other hand, is best suited to action stories which call for the emphasis on movement. Following the lead are the sequential presentations of the events in the order that they happened. Stories with strong narrative elements like games, accidents and fires are suited to this pattern.
33. Basic Patterns in News Writing The basic rule in news writing is to give the information at once. To achieve this, the news story should be written in the structure of an inverted pyramid which allows the presentation of facts in the order of their importance.
34. Following are the three basic patterns in news writing based on the inverted pyramid. Summary. In this pattern, the presentation of the 5 W’s and H is made in the order of importance. Lead (who, what, where, when, why, how) Body (elaboration of the best W) (other details) Feature. The best W is played up in the lead. The other W’s follow in the second paragraph and the other details in the succeeding paragraphs. Lead (best W or feature) Body (4 W’s and H) (other details) Combination. One or two of the best W’s are played up in the lead. The other W’s follow in the second paragraph. The succeeding paragraphs contain the other details. Lead (W, H) Body (W, W, H) (other details)
35. The kind of pattern used by the news writer is dependent upon the nature and importance of the event which he wishes to write about. Factors like fact, interest and the reader should be taken into account. Making facts interesting to the readers is a challenge to every news writer.
36. There are two reasons why news is written following the inverted pyramid. First, people nowadays have less time to read. Hence, they have to get the most important facts right away in one story then jump to the next. Second, to ensure that the news story meets the cut-off test, the inverted pyramid style is to be followed in writing it. This means that if the newspaper runs out of space to print the whole story, the last one or two paragraphs can be dropped entirely without damaging the most important part of the story.