The document discusses various types of features, columns, editorials, and sports journalism that can be included in newspapers and magazines. It provides details on different kinds of features like news features, informative features, personality sketches, and human interest stories. It also outlines various types of columns such as specialized columns, editorial columns, gossip columns, and columns on advice/how-to's. Editorial types discussed include editorials of information, interpretation, criticism, and argumentation. Sports journalism is also briefly touched on. The key aspects of writing game stories in sports journalism are the lede focusing on an individual player's efforts, providing more details in the body, and including quotes from coaches/players in the wrap up.

1. *

2. *
*a special or prominent article in a newspaper or
magazine; "they ran a feature on retirement
planning"

3. * Newsfeature stories – usually based on a recent news story.
* Informative feature – the primary objective of this kind of features
is to inform the reader – more likely to deliver details about relevant
issues. Secondary emphasis is to entertain.
* A “how-to” feature article – a type of feature article that focuses on
the process of how things came about. This might be a product,
services or activity.
* Personality sketch – feature story that describes prominent
personalities. This kind gives details behind the lives or events in the
lives of interesting people.
* Personal experience – usually written in the first person and talks
about an unusual event in the life of the writer.
* Human interest story – a type of feature story that appeals more to
the emotion of the readers than to the relevance of the story to any
news.
* Humorous feature – this type of feature story aims to entertain the
readers and to deliver a funny, yet witty approach of story.

4. *Be considerate for your readers
* Investigation:
A good writer is highly investigative
in his approach. He seeks to find out at mini
mum the answers to the
following questions: Who, What, Where, Wh
en, Why, How

5. * Dream and reality:
A good writer knows the communication reality. He
strongly believes that a message sent is not a message
received. A message's success depends upon the fulfillment of
the following points
* Social Contact
* The persons who are communicating have to be
in touch with each
* other
* Common Medium
* Both parties must share a common language or means of
* communication.
* Transmission
* The message has to be imparted clearly.
* Understanding
* The message has to
be received, properly understood and interpreted

6. *Know internal biases and shape perc
eptions:
They try to find the resistance of thei
r readers. For this they
collect all information about their rea
ders and
then prepare a game plan.

7. *Persuasive:
Good writers are strong communicators. They have th
e art of strong oral and written communication
skills. They use the
rhetorical devices to exhibit standard behavior to
influence their readers. They know
that all readers want strong ethics and morality on
the part of
the writer, cooperation, goodwill, efficiency,
trust etc. and, they exhibit the same virtues

9. Writing an Editorial. An editorial is an article
that presents the newspaper's opinion on an
issue. It reflects the majority vote of
the editorial board, the governing body of the
newspaper made up ofeditors and business
managers.

10. *Editorial of Information – it seeks to give information
on facts of news stories or add other facts with
minimum explanation. It may define terms, identify
persons or factors or provide a background.
*Editorial of Interpretation – It explains the
significance or meaning of a news event, current idea,
condition, or situation, theory, or hypothesis. The
writer doesn’t argue nor criticize, but merely present
both sides of an issue and leaves the judgment to the
reader. It merely interprets, say for example, the
content of a new memorandum issued by the
principal.
*Editorial of Criticism – It points out the good or the
bad features of a problem or situation mentioned in
the news. Its purpose is to influence the reader. It
suggests a solution at the end.

11. *Editorial of Commendation, Appreciation, or
Tribute – It praises, commends, or pays tribute to a
person or organization that has performed some
worthwhile projects or deeds, or accomplishments.
*Editorial of Argumentation – This is oftentimes
called editorial of persuasion. The editor argues in
order to convince or persuade the reader to accept
his stand on the issue.
*Editorial of entertainment – It evokes a smile, a
chuckle, laughter, while suggesting truth. Its main
aim is to entertain. It is usually short.
*Mood editorial – It presents a philosophy rather
than an argument or an explanation. Oftentimes,
the subject matter is nature or emotion.
*Special occasion – it explains the significance of a
special day or occasion.

13. *Columns, like features, come in many forms.
They are defined by ownership; the column
"belongs" to its author who has that ultimate
journalistic luxury, a slot, guaranteed space
over which he or she presides and has, in some
cases, near total control over content.

14. *Writing a column requires clarity of thought, the
ability to communicate a message clearly and
simply, and an engaging style.
*The column must be planned so that the writer
knows before he or she starts just what they are
going to say. There must not be too many ideas (two
or three will usually suffice), but plenty of opinions;
the bland, obvious or fence-sitting must be
ruthlessly expunged. Columns are there to get a
reaction - agreement, disagreement, amusement,
enlightenment.

15. * Friendly atmosphere
It is the objective of the column-writing to make a friendly and
amicable atmosphere, without any intermediary between
the direct contacts with the columnist. The readers feel a newness, freshnes
s and friendliness in the writing and reading of columns of diverse nature.
* Essence of Experience
The columnists undertake to mingle their life-long experience
and knowledge in their columns, in friendly tones and
amicable atmosphere. The columnists mold and mobilize the readers to sust
ain a fair amount of desirability to go through the columns.
* True genuine public opinion
To enrich their knowledge, information and to form a
strong habit for reference, cross-reference and
repeated consultation are carried out. A
personal column based on wisdom and worldly and religious
knowledge assists the columnists for true and genuine public opinion.

16. *Individuality
The tinge of personal
and individual inclination is predominant present in
the column-writing. We usually notice few names of
columnists
in all the newspapers and periodicals, whose columns enjo
y popular approval. Their writings and
sayings are given proper importance and weight due
to individuality and personal address.
*Propagation of supreme values
Mainly current affairs and the issues of
the times are the subjects of these columns. The art and t
he demands of the column-
writing are to present the issues by detailed explanation a
nd explanation.

17. *
* Personal
A columnist must possess some qualities at the personal level, as these are essential for him to
be known
as a better individual as well.
* Professional
Someone with just personal qualities is never a successful professional, until he possesses certain
qualities, which are a must for any professional.
* Highly Educated
It is a fact that not all columnists are well-read or educated. In Urdu journalism, we find that there are
many columnists who are not highly well-
qualified, but with the passage of time, they have mastered the
traits of columnists and they are now heavily paid by the newspapers. No doubt, they have definitely
well-read now. Those who are not into reading, expose themselves, sooner or later.
On the other hand, degrees do matter now, as these have become a pre-requisite to the introduction
because time has changed. Now people definitely see who is talking and what, especially when the
media is progressing day and night; hence making it pertinent for a columnist, to be well-
read and educated.
It is deemed so because he will understand the changing times,
and will be able make readers comprehend too.
Secondly, it important for him to having knowledge of the related fields for which he is writing.

18. * Widely Read
Reading is a must for every one, but for a columnist, reading of almost all subjects is a necessity because
knowing everything around him and mastering one can do. One subject, he must know it thoroughly
because a columnist acts as a preacher-cum-opinion maker; hence he must know things to put them in a proper perspective.
* Well-versed in Language
Good command of the language is also a must for a columnist, whereas a reporter or an editor can do with
simple language, but a columnist has to play with words to create humour, situation, criticism, argument
and conclusion. So it is very important for a writer to present ideas in better language. For columnists, it
is a must that they write in the best language.
* Sense of humor
Humour makes a columnist popular, but it is a must for him that he never uses gross language or dirty
jokes. Some columnists, mostly of the Urdu newspapers and English rarely, use jokes but to good avail.
Actually, in the process, they are making comparisons, which is again popular with Urdu columnists.
Good sense of humour making the column looks softer in its outlook.
* Quality reporter
A columnist has qualities of a good reporter, as City diary or personal columns cannot be based on news
items. The columnists move around and look at the society besides seeing through the news to get insight.
Moreover, they are also looking for a scoop and think and probe like a reporter, while analysing things
like a columnist.
* Complete knowledge about laws and ethics of journalism
Huge responsibilities are on a columnist' shoulders, when he is writing. He knows the laws, and keeps
journalistic ethics in mind besides never relegating the editorial policy to redundancy.
A responsible columnist never creates a problem for the editors by being oblivious to the above.
He also knows the readers well, and always give due respect to their religious feelings and nationalistic sentiments.

19. *
* Reporting-in-Depth Columns
Background, perspective, and interpretation are given to various happenings, usually already presented in
hard news. In these columns, current news events are related to the past and also to the future.
* "I Think" or Opinionated Columns
Either because of extensive training, long time observations, or sheer lack of modesty, Columnists set
themselves up as experts and then expound their opinions for the general public. They try to compensate
in heat for what they cannot provide in light.
* Gossip Columns
Everybody likes to learn a juicy bit of gossip. One whole field of column writing is built on this
characteristic. Such a column contains little except its unquestionably titillating value; this needs not be
the writer's exclusive domain. The uncovering of a government scandal may have profound (and
beneficial) ramifications. No daily newspaper carries a gossip column and its natural habit is the film
magazine, which flourishes on gossip, some malicious, some harmless but unquestionably titillating.
* Humorous Columns
Columnist tries to find the humorous aspects in life to amuse readers. Sometimes, these spotlight an event
more clearly than thousands of words of expounding and explaining. Many papers still shy of having
regular daily humorous column. Columns are much liked, which contain some satirical comments.
Many papers still shy of having regular daily humorous column. However these columns are much liked,
which contain some satirical comments.

20. * Essay Columns
Just as nature and colour editorials have appeal for many a metropolitan daily editor, so the columnist,
who arouses a similar nostalgia and mood in his writing, attracts attention. These require perceptiveness
or possibly just and overpowering interest in people. All authors do not possess this.
This type of column is rare today. Students of English literature will recognize the essay columns of
Joseph Chesterton and A.A. Mime. As an essay, it has style. Its range is unlimited but it must stick to one
rigid rule-it must never be deductive or dull.
* Personality Diary Columns
The Diary columns come from public figures, who are talking about their interesting incidents with
others.
* How- to-do or Advice Columns
These educate the readers, as there is a gentle instruction written in such a way as not to appear to be a
lesson. These columns usually appear on magazine and daily pages.
* Sports Column
There was a time when some leading newspapers had their daily sports columns, but this is getting to be
rarer these days. However, event-based article-cum-columns are there. Some newspapers try to make-up
for the dearth this way. Perhaps it is still a field less trodden
* Question and Answer Column
This column comes in various colors. It could be a medical column in which a qualified doctor answers
queries on health.
* Standard Column
This type of column handles editorial subjects of lesser importance and deals with each in a paragraph or
two. They are unsigned and are frequently the work of two or more members of the editorial staff.
Outstanding columns in this category are `Topics of the Times" in the New York Times.

21. * Political columns
These are an extension of the Standard Column, but it is considered of very serious nature. This is
especially done in pursuance of the Editorial policy of the newspaper, and these are considered to be one
of the most-read columns
* The Middle Column
The `middle' is so-called because it occupies a position on the editorial page between the main article and
the standard column. Its sole purpose is to lighten what could otherwise be serious reading, which an
editorial page normally is and is expected to be. It is generally humorous and in any event it should be
entertaining and is usually written in a lighter vein. In length it is about 500 words and the more off- beat
it is the better.
* The Hodge-Podge Column
Here the columnist presents to his reader a Hodge Podge of stuff a little or no consequence on the
principle that variety is not only the spice of life but a sure formula to catch reader's interest.

22. * Editorial Column
It is properly called the signed editorial column. In it we find what resembles an editorial in form, but an
editorial so palpably personal that it is a cross between an editorial and a column. When an editor writes a
piece under his own name he is trying to lay his prestige on the line.
These do not necessarily depend on humorous elements only. They are and can be handled efficiently by
the experienced and stylish writer of columns. Its demands are different than the other forms of columns.
In it are included one's personal views and opinions on any subject or topic in the world like an editorial
in any style.
* Specialized Columns
These types of columns are generally limited and confined to a single subject or topic, with the underlying
purpose to render better and detailed service to the subject or topic under study and examination. It may
be confined to a single department of life or learning. Specialized Columns are arranged in accordance
with the circumstances. Under specialized columns are included the columns like, "Legal Column".
"Religious or Deeni Column", `Astrology' or Palmistry Column", `Sports Columns", "Fashion Column",
Medical Column", "Women's Column", `Students, Laborers" or Children Column". In the specialized
Columns, there is simplicity of language and style and no literary tastes are added unnecessarily, nor do
they reflect any personal or individual trends. Specialized Columns can be called "Professional
Columns".
* Miscellaneous Columns
These mainly comprise of commentary and criticism on books, Criticism columns on films and theatre,
columns on performance in sports, columns on the study of the impending and actual changes in the
different walks of life

23. *

24. Sports journalism is a form of writing that
reports on sporting topics and games. While the
sports department within some newspapers has
been mockingly called the toy department,
because sports journalists do not concern
themselves with the 'serious' topics covered by
the news desk, sports coverage has grown in
importance as sport has grown
in wealth, power and influence.

25. *
*The lede of your story should include the final score
and some details about what made the game
interesting. Generally this means focusing on the
efforts of an individual player.
Let’s say a team’s star athlete is injured and a
previously unheralded player comes into the game
as a substitute. Not much is expected of this rookie
but he defies expectations and plays a great game,
leading the team to victory.

26. *The Body of the Story
The body of your story should basically elaborate on
the lede. If your lede was about the benchwarmer
becoming the game’s star, then the body should go
into more detail about that. Often a simple
chronological account works best.
*The Wrap Up
The wrap up or ending of your story usually centers
on quotes from the coach and players gleaned from
post-game interviews or press conferences. Getting
great quotes for sports stories can sometimes be
tough – coaches and athletes often speak in clichés –
but a snappy quote can really be the icing on the
cake of your game story.

27. *
*Writing- The way a piece is written is the most important
aspect. No matter how interesting the story is, it will be
impossible for the reader to follow or enjoy the piece if it is not
presented in a clear and coherent manner. This is how I feel
about the ‘work’ of a lot of amateur bloggers out there, who
clearly have no formal training in journalism, and sometimes in
basic grammar!
*Interesting story-This is a very subjective category. What is
interesting to one person is not necessarily interesting to
another.

28. *Good quotes/interviews- Good quotes and interviews are extremely
important aspects of sports articles. Serious sports fans already know
much of the narrative material of the article, and it is the access that
journalists have to get quotes and interviews that readers crave.
*Having a story be about either a big event or a recognizable, high
profile athlete is not at all important. I realize that for the average fan,
or a layman this may actually be the most important factor in whether or
not a story will be able to hold their attention. But for me, star power
has never been important. I will an example to illustrate my point. I am a
big tennis fan, but my interest in tennis extends far beyond the bright
lights of Arthur Ashe stadium in New York or Center Court at Wimbledon.