The document outlines the rules for tracing images formed by concave mirrors, including how rays of light behave upon reflection. It details various cases of image formation depending on the object's position relative to the mirror, indicating whether the image is real, virtual, inverted, or enlarged. A summary is provided of the characteristics of images formed by a concave mirror.

1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES—VIDEO 3
•RULES FOR TRACING IMAGES FORMED BY
CONCAVE MIRROR.
•IMAGE FORMATION BY A CONCAVE MIRROR
IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF THE OBJECT.
•SUMMARY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
IMAGES FORMED BY A CONCAVE MIRROR.

2. RULES FOR TRACING IMAGE BY CONCAVE MIRRORS
• When an object is placed in front of a concave mirror .its image is formed
by reflection in the mirror.
• Every point on the object acts like a point source, from which an infinite
number of rays originate.
• For the sake of simplicity, we take any two rays of light whose paths on
reflection from the mirror are known to us .

3. RULES FOR CONCAVE MIRROR
• RULE 1: A ray of light falling on a concave mirror in a direction parallel to
the principal axis of the mirror, passes actually through the principal focus
F of the mirror, on reflection from the mirror.

4. RULES FOR CONCAVE MIRROR
• RULE 2: A ray of light incident on a concave mirror on passing through
centre of curvature C of the mirror is reflected back along the same path i.e.
such a ray retraces its path in opposite direction.

5. RULES FOR CONCAVE MIRROR
• RULE 3: A ray of light incident on a concave mirror on passing through
focus F of the mirror becomes parallel to principal axis of the mirror, on
reflection.

6. RULES FOR CONCAVE MIRROR
• RULE 4: A ray of light incident obliquely towards the pole P of concave
mirror is reflected obliquely as per the laws of reflection.

7. IMAGE FORMATION BY CONCAVE MIRROR IN DIFFERENT CASES
• The type of image formed by the
concave mirror depends on position of
object in front of the mirror.
• CASE 1: When object is at infinity
(large distance)
• Image is—
• i)Formed at the principal focus F.
• ii) Real and inverted.
• iii)Much smaller in size than the object.

8. OBJECT AT INFINITY

9. IMAGE FORMATION BY CONCAVE MIRROR
• CASE 2: When the object is beyond the centre of curvature of concave
mirror.
• Image is –
• Real and inverted.
• Smaller in size than the object.
• Lying between the F and C of the mirror.

10. IMAGE FORMATION BY CONCAVE MIRROR
• CASE 3: When the object is at the centre of curvature of concave mirror.
• Image is ---
• Real and inverted.
• At the centre of curvature of the mirror.
• Of the same size as the object.

11. IMAGE FORMATION BY CONCAVE MIRROR
• CASE 4: When the object lies between centre of curvature C and focus F of
concave mirror.
• Image is ---
• Real and inverted.
• Larger in size than the object.
• Situated beyond C.

12. IMAGE FORMATION BY CONCAVE MIRROR
• CASE 5: When the object is at the focus F of a concave mirror.
• Image is –
• At infinity.
• Real and inverted.
• Highly enlarged or magnified.

13. IMAGE FORMATION BY CONCAVE MIRROR
• CASE 6: When the object is held between focus F and pole P of the
concave mirror.
• Image is –
• Virtual and erect.
• Larger than the size of the object.
• Behind the mirror.

15. SUMMARY
• RULES FOR TRACING IMAGES FORMED BY CONCAVE MIRROR.
• IMAGE FORMATION BY A CONCAVE MIRROR IN DIFFERENT
POSITIONS OF THE OBJECT.
• SUMMARY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF IMAGES FORMED BY
A CONCAVE MIRROR.