The document discusses the scientific advancements and technological innovations of classical civilizations in India, China, and the Mediterranean. It describes that India developed the number system including concepts of zero and decimals. China invented water mills for grinding grain and casting iron. The Roman civilization built advanced aqueducts. All three regions established school systems, with India setting up a university system under Gupta rule. While India and China advanced metallurgy with steel and iron production respectively, China also pioneered practical applications like agriculture technology with plows and water mills. The Mediterranean region focused more on theoretical advances in fields like astronomy, geometry, and physics through Greek philosophers.
