Introduction to Engineering and Profession Ethics Lecture1-The History of Engineering-Dr.Khaled Bakro د. خالد بكرو
1. Lecture 1
Dr. Khaled Bakro
The History of Engineering
Introduction to Engineering
and Profession Ethics
2. Class Information
Introduction to Engineering and Computer
Engineering Ethics
Meeting Time and Place
Tuesday, 2:00 pm – 3:50 pm
Instructor: Dr. Khaled Bakro
Office Hours: Mon-Fri 4-6 pm or By Appointment.
E-Mail: Dr.Khaled.Bakro@Gmail.com
Course text:
Engineering Fundamentals: An Introduction to Engineering, 6th
Edition, Saeed Moaveni, Cengage Learning, 2016
2
3. Course Overview
Introduce students to:
the history of engineering.
the engineering profession.
engineering fundamentals and problem solving.
engineering design principles.
Engineering ethics.
Computer engineering ethics.
Generate excitement by providing students.
Hands-on group design projects;
Hands-on individual petit projects
Insights into contemporary engineering topics.
3
6. Where Have We Been and Where
are We Going?
To understand where we are going, we need to
understand where we have been.
Let us take a quick look at the history of
engineering.
7. The History of Engineering
Who Are Our Engineering Forefathers?
Egyptian Engineers
Mesopotamian Engineers
Greek Engineers
Roman Engineers
The Oriental Engineers
The European Engineers
8. Who Are Our Engineering Forefathers?
Mesopotamian Engineers (4000-2000 B.C.)
Egyptian Engineers (2700-2500 B.C.)
Greek Engineers (400 B.C.)
Roman Engineers (300 B.C.)
Asian Engineers (200 B.C.)
European Engineers (1000 A.D. and beyond)
9. Mesopotamian Engineers
Mesopotamian is the name
given to the land between the
two rivers, Euphrates and
Tigris.
The First canals were built by
the Sumerians in southern
Mesopotamia.
The Mesopotamian engineers
made the first advances in
bucket hoist for lifting water.
10.
11. Mesopotamian Engineers
The Assyrians developed fierce
military machines like iron
weapons and wagons.
The modern day four wheeled
vehicle owes its beginning to the
efforts of the Assyrian-
Mesopotamian engineers.
12. Mesopotamian Engineers
The King of Assyrians built an
aqueduct and paved streets.
Mesopotamian engineers built the
oldest stone bridge attributed to the
Chaldeans.
Ziggurats were massive stepped cult
platforms found in certain
Mesopotamian sanctuaries.
13. Mesopotamian Engineers
The materials used to build a
Mesopotamian house were the same
as those used today: mud (clay)
brick, mud plaster and wooden
doors, which were all naturally
available around the city.
14. Egyptian Engineers
Built with great perfection and
accuracy.
Relied on physical labor and
primitive tools.
Many structures were made
from limestone blocks.
Took many years to complete.
15. Egyptian Engineers
Largest pyramid constructed is the
Great Pyramid of Giza at 481 feet.
Took 20 years to build, with 20,000
workers.
Consists of 2,400,000 stones, each
weighing more than 2 tons.
Spanned a distance of 13 acres of
land.
16. Greek Engineers
Greece was similar to Egypt and
Mesopotamia.
The connection between pure
science and engineering was
introduced by the Greeks.
Greek engineers were involved in
projects such as drainage and
tunnels.
17. Greek Engineers
The Greeks gave us the science of hydrostatics
and developed the theory of mechanical
advantage
They were involved in projects such as digging
a canal across the isthmus of Corinth
Engineers invented
things such as a
mechanical bird that
flew by compressed air
and the screw fastener
18. Roman Engineers
Romans contributed much to
engineering and science that we are
still using day.
Today’s Civil Engineers descended
from Roman engineers’ great works
such as roads, bridges, public
buildings, aqueducts, and sewers.
In all of the work Romans did, the
most significant advances of
Roman engineers and architects
was in building houses.
19. Roman Engineers
Romans were the first to discover cement, which
we use today for houses and bridges. Roman
engineers made extensive use of the water wheel.
Many wheel-shaped devices were use for hoisting
water, and there were many improvements over
time. The water-mills could be used to supply to
the entire city.
21. The Oriental Engineers
Oriental engineers built
massive structures often as
temples for religious uses.
Chinese engineers had
distinctive architecture such as
buildings with curved roofs.
22. The Oriental Engineers
Chinese engineers built hanging
bridges with bamboo cables.
They built canals for irrigation
purposes.
Great Walls for protection from
their enemies
23. The Oriental Engineers
It is believed that the Chinese also
built the wheelbarrow.
The Chinese, like many ancient
engineers, improved upon existing
inventions.
The Chinese improved the clock by
using the escapement, a mechanism
that made it possible to control the
speed of the clock.
24. The European Engineers
Craftsmen worked through rule of
thumb after learning their trade
through a system of apprenticeship.
Concentrated interests in the physical
sciences, science of statistics and forces
in load bearing walls.
Advances: flying machine, increase in
use of water power, water powered
hammer, and draw plates for drawing
wire were all introduced.
25. The European Engineers
Advancements in structural forms and
trusses used in building.
Allowed for building of large cathedrals
Notre Dame de Paris “Our Lady of Paris”
was built from 1160-1345 Colored glass
and sheer greatness of construction were
used to resemble the light and greatness of
God. It was dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
26. The European Engineers
Power Machinery: water powered sawmills and
windmills
Wheeled Traffic: the first omnibus capable of carrying
up to sixty passengers appeared around the 18th
century.
Hydraulics Engineering: Canal building was more
advanced than that of the Roman Engineers
27. The European Engineers
Ship Building: Greatly improved ships
to help lead to the age of exploration.
Development in the Middle Ages
favored “round ships", with a broad
beam and heavily curved at both ends.
Renaissance: Engineering schools
started to appear as well as defined
engineering disciplines.
28. Secrets of the Success of Ancient Engineers
Made use of simple instruments and devices.
Unlimited manpower and the ability to organize
it.
Infinite Patience.
29. Resources
The following are a list of excellent reference sources which contain
information on engineering disasters or failures and their consequences:
"Breakdown: Deadly Technological Disasters",
by Neil Schlager, Visible Ink Press, Detroit, 1995
"Set Phasers on Stun",
by Steven Casey, Aegean Publishing Co., Santa Barbara, 1993
"To Engineer is Human",
by Henry Petroski, Vintage Books, New York, 1992
"Design Paradigms : Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering",
by Henry Petroski, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994
"Civil Engineering Practice: Engineering Success by Analysis of Failure",
by David D.A. Piesold, McGraw-Hill Professional, New York, 1991
"When Technology Fails: Significant Technological Disasters, Accidents, and Failures
of the Twentieth Century",
by Neil Schlager (Editor), Nell Y. Schlager (Editor), Gale Group, New York, 1994
"Inviting Disaster: Lessons From the Edge of Technology",
by James R. Chiles, Harper Business, New York, 2002