1. Introduction to
Engineering

2. Engineering I
 Engineers build bridges.
 Engineers test structures by loading them
to failure.
 Engineers design bridges for maximum
strength-to weight ratio.
 Unfortunately, all three of these notions
are quite wrong.

3. Engineering I
 The essence of engineering is design.
 Engineering design entails the application of
math, science, and technology to create
something that meets a human need.
 The engineering design process is, at the
same time, both systematic and creative.
 And the engineering design process is always
iterative: engineers must explore many
different alternatives before they can hope to
achieve an optimum solution.
 These are the essential characteristics of
engineering.

4. Engineering I
 Define Mathematics.
 Define Science.
 Define Technology.

5. Engineering I
 What is Technology?
 Construct a definition of Technology
 What is an “-ology?”
 Sociology, Biology, Psychology
 So what is good working definition of the
word “Technology”?

6. Engineering I
 How old is technology?
 Many archaeologists, sociologists believe
ONE technology has shaped our society
to what it is today. Can you guess what it
is?
 The plow!
 What were the societal effects of this
technology?
 What innovations were made on it?

7. Engineering I
 Our earliest ancestors had to develop
ways to solve problems.
 The Cave Man……. Look at our teeth.
 1. This is not an argument about
evolution. We make no assumptions
about the origin of man.
 2. It is a fact that human teeth differ from
that of strict carnivores.

8. Engineering I
 In order to eat we needed to develop tools.
 Tools are the first essential element for all
technology systems.
 These tools are made of materials (2nd)
 We name eras according to material usage
 Stone Age approx. 2,000,000 years ago.
 Bronze Age approx. 3000 BC
 Iron Age approx. 1200 BC

9. Engineering I
 As discussed the Plow came about in
8,000 BC
 Importance of Agricultural Based tools:
 Plow, Carts, Carriages, Water Wheels.
 The waterwheel was invented around
100BC. It was used primarily to grind
grain for food.

10. Engineering I
 Adaptations today resemble turbines spun by
the flow of water through a sluice in a dam.
 Additional gears and fly wheels were set up to
the original waterwheels to spin milling
equipment for lumber.
 Man adapted his tools to satisfy needs.
 Can you see the changes these technologies
made in the way man lived?

11. Engineering I
 Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one!
 What is it made of?
 We call these materials resources.
 Natural and Man-made.
 Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable.
 What were the affects of this technology?
 How has “drive-thru” technology altered our society?
 SO NOW DEFINE TECHNOLOGY!!

12. Engineering I
 Resources
 Observations of our Environment (I.e.,
Laws of Physics, etc.)
 Applied a process
 Fashioned something (an Artifact)
 To satisfy our needs

13. Engineering I
 Technology defined: The study of taking
resources, applying a process to make things
that satisfy our needs.
 Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique
academic based body of knowledge.
 However, how do you think technology differs
from “traditional” academic subjects?
 Discussion of this definition?

14. Engineering I
 Technology is defined as a system having seven
essential elements:
 Capital
 Energy
 Resources/Materials
 Tools
 People
 Information
 Time

15. Engineering I
 The powers that be have developed the
following definition…live it, love it, LEARN
IT!
 Technology: The generation of knowledge
and processes to develop systems that
solve problems and extend human
capabilities.

16. Engineering I
 Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South
American rainforest. These monkeys eat Brazilia Nuts off trees.
The shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they
can use a rock to smash the nut on the ground to open it.
 According to our definition is this Technology?

17. Engineering I
 All Technology can be classified into five
general classifications:
 Construction
 Transportation
 Manufacturing
 Communication
 Bio-related

18. Engineering I
 Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows
knowledge and information from all other academic areas:
 Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants)
 Tech and Math (The ½ gallon milk jug problem)
 Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers)
 Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility)
 Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy)
 Tech and Music (Instruments are tools)
 Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)

19. Engineering I
 So know lets examine engineering.
 Engineering design entails the application of math,
science, and technology to create something that meets
a human need.
 Human need is central.

20. Engineering I
 Egyptian Engineers
 Imhotep: Engineer to King Joser
 Engineers to the Kushite Kings
 Pyramids, Dams, and Canals
 Mesopotamian Engineers
 First Canals built by the Sumerians of Southern Mesopotamia
 Home and Wall construction
 Assyrians and iron weaponry and the four wheeled war machine/wagons
 Aqueducts and paved streets of King Engineer Sennacherib
 Greek Engineers
 Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians and Mesopotamians
 1st Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks.
 Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist and engineer.
 Mechanical Brid that flew by compressed air.

21. Engineering I
 Greek Engineers:
 Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and Oriental people.
 Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a result of
Hellenistic Greek.
 Roman Engineers:
 Romans were also adaptive engineers; building off others ideas.
 Most were civil engineers developing roads, bridges, etc.
 Made significant advances in architecture and everyday
machinery.
 Kingdom of Anatolia Central Indirect Heating
 Discovery of Cement!
 Use of the waterwheel, trusses and the pendentive.

22. Engineering I
 The Oriental Engineers:
 Centered on religious activities.
 Indian – Skills with iron works
 Arabic – Skills with water clocks and waterwheels and the first
practical windmill.
 Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed bridges, canals and
dams.
 The European Engineers:
 Middle Ages was the height of invention.
 Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttress
 18th century advanced hydraulics, canal building.
 Renaissance saw the advent of engineering schools and
engineering became a defined discipline.

23. Engineering I
 Engineering design entails the application
of math, science, and technology to create
something that meets a human need.
 Similar to Technology definition.

24. Careers in Engineering
 ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology.
 Engineering defined as:
 The profession which the knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study,
experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to
develop ways to use, economically, the materials and
forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
 Using materials and forces for the good of humankind.

25. Careers in Engineering
 Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer.
 The do overlap.
 There are several sub-categories under each of the
major headings.
 Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by
engineers.
 Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources,
Sales, Financial Management
 Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the
head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.

26. Careers in Engineering
 Disciplines:
 Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating
under different speeds and altitudes.
 Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the
production and processing of agricultural products.
 Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic
integrity of structures.
 Chemical: the development of processes, and the
design and operation of plants in which materials
undergo chemical changes during their manufacture.

27. Careers in Engineering
 Disciplines:
 Civil: All principalities of communication,
transportation, construction, and manufacturing.
 Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from
electric light, power systems to electronic appliances
including computer engineers.
 Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems.
 Mechanical: machines, production of power, and
manufacturing methods.

28. Careers in Engineering
 Disciplines:
 Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology.
 Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous
hydrocarbon products from the earth.

29. Careers in Engineering
 Assignment:
 Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation
 2 people per team maximum
 5 slide minimum
 5 related pictures or illustrations
 Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school.
 Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline.
 Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years,
three Georgia schools offering the degree program, three non-
Georgia schools offering the degree program.
 Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples
of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD
HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS).
 Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income.

30. Careers in Engineering
 Assignment 2
 What are your post secondary plans?
 List three jobs, tech schools, or colleges that will help
you prepare for your future.
 Obtain an application for one of these and complete
it.