Class3 building structure
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This document discusses the formal structure of language. It is composed of at least 8 levels of analysis: 1) phonetics, 2) phonology, 3) morphology, 4) lexicon, 5) syntax, 6) semantics, 7) pragmatics, and 8) discourse. These levels range from the smallest units of sound to larger contexts of meaning and use. Together, they form the complex abstract system that is human language.
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In this chapter, we start to consider individual theoretical perspectives on
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inspired a wealth of publications (for full-length treatments, see Hawkins,
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3 Linguistics and Language
Learning
The Universal Grammar
Approach
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/6/2020 6:13 AM via UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX
AN: 2006630 ; Mitchell, Rosamond, Myles, Florence, Marsden, Emma.; Second Language Learning Theories : Fourth Edition
Account: s9814295.main.ehost
82 Linguistics and Language Learning
3.2 Why a Universal Grammar?
3.2.1 Aims of Linguistic Research
The main goals of linguistic theory, as defined by Chomsky (1986a), are to
answer three basic questions about human language:
1. What constitutes knowledge of language?
2 ...
WORD RECOGNITION MASLP
The recognition of spoken word can be viewed as classifying an auditory stimulus to one ‘’word form’’ category, chosen from many alternatives.
This process requires matching of the spoken input with the mental representation associated with the word candidates and selecting one among the several candidates that are atleast partially consistent with the input.
Process of recognizing a spoken word is that it starts from a string of phonemes (Dahan, Magnuson, 2006) establishes how these phonemes should be grouped to form words and passes these words into the next level of processing.
Some theories, though, take a broader view and blur the distinction between speech perception, spoken word recognition, and sentence processing (Elman, 2004; Gaskell & Marslen 1997; Klatt, 1979; McClelland, 1989).
12.ppt
Language production involves four stages: conceptualization, formulation, articulation, and self-monitoring. In conceptualization, the speaker forms the concept they wish to express. In formulation, they plan the linguistic representation. During articulation, the plan is executed through speech sounds. In self-monitoring, the speaker assesses if their speech matches their intent and makes corrections if needed. Speech errors provide insight into this process, suggesting language is planned at different linguistic levels and errors occur when plans at one level interfere with another. Native speakers self-monitor and correct mistakes, demonstrating the difference between linguistic competence and performance.
12.ppt
Language production involves four stages: conceptualization, formulation, articulation, and self-monitoring. In conceptualization, the speaker forms the thought they want to express. In formulation, they plan the linguistic representation. During articulation, the brain sends signals to speech muscles. In self-monitoring, the speaker assesses if their speech matches their intent and corrects any errors. Speech errors provide clues about how language is planned and produced, and that speakers have multiple competing production plans. Native speakers can self-correct immediately, showing production is constantly regulated and sensitive to mistakes.
Class6 -The Language Machine
This document discusses the faculty of language and how it generates hierarchical syntactic structures through recursive operations like Merge and movement. It describes:
- The faculty of language narrow (FLN) which builds syntax through recursion and Merge, combining two items into one.
- The faculty of language broad (FLN) which interfaces language with other cognitive systems through sensory-motor and conceptual-intentional interfaces.
- Other syntactic operations like labeling, which provides labels to constituents, and movement, which moves constituents to other positions for licensing or non-syntactic reasons.
- Three types of movement: head movement, argument movement, and non-argument movement.
Class3 - The Role of Communication (cont)
This document discusses the topic of human language and communication. It addresses four questions: (1) the characteristics of human language, (2) how human language differs from animal communication systems, (3) how language is acquired, and (4) how language operates. Key points made include that language is complex and cannot be studied as a whole, it will be approached from a psycholinguistic perspective focusing on the mind, and that language and communication are independent concepts that differ between humans and animals in formality, biology, and psychology. Videos are also provided as examples relating to language use in animals.
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L2 learning in greater detail. Our first topic is the Universal Grammar (UG)
approach (the generative linguistics approach), developed by the American
linguist Noam Chomsky and numerous followers over the last few decades.
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inspired a wealth of publications (for full-length treatments, see Hawkins,
2001; Herschensohn, 2000; Lardiere, 2007; Leung, 2009; Slabakova, 2016;
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why they are that way (explanatory adequacy). In terms of L2 acquisition,
a linguistic approach sets out to describe the evolving language produced
by L2 learners, and to explain its characteristics. UG is therefore a prop-
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the underlying linguistic knowledge in L2 learners’ minds. In contrast, a
detailed examination of the learning process itself (transition theory) will
be the main concern of the cognitive approaches which we describe in
Chapters 4 and 5.
First in this chapter, we will give a broad definition of the aims of the
Chomskyan tradition in linguistic research, in order to identify the aspects
of second language acquisition (SLA) to which this tradition is most relevant.
Secondly, we will examine the concept of UG itself in some detail, and
finally we will consider its application in L2 learning research.
3 Linguistics and Language
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/6/2020 6:13 AM via UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX
AN: 2006630 ; Mitchell, Rosamond, Myles, Florence, Marsden, Emma.; Second Language Learning Theories : Fourth Edition
Account: s9814295.main.ehost
82 Linguistics and Language Learning
3.2 Why a Universal Grammar?
3.2.1 Aims of Linguistic Research
The main goals of linguistic theory, as defined by Chomsky (1986a), are to
answer three basic questions about human language:
1. What constitutes knowledge of language?
2 ...
WORD RECOGNITION MASLP
The recognition of spoken word can be viewed as classifying an auditory stimulus to one ‘’word form’’ category, chosen from many alternatives.
This process requires matching of the spoken input with the mental representation associated with the word candidates and selecting one among the several candidates that are atleast partially consistent with the input.
Process of recognizing a spoken word is that it starts from a string of phonemes (Dahan, Magnuson, 2006) establishes how these phonemes should be grouped to form words and passes these words into the next level of processing.
Some theories, though, take a broader view and blur the distinction between speech perception, spoken word recognition, and sentence processing (Elman, 2004; Gaskell & Marslen 1997; Klatt, 1979; McClelland, 1989).
12.ppt
Language production involves four stages: conceptualization, formulation, articulation, and self-monitoring. In conceptualization, the speaker forms the concept they wish to express. In formulation, they plan the linguistic representation. During articulation, the plan is executed through speech sounds. In self-monitoring, the speaker assesses if their speech matches their intent and makes corrections if needed. Speech errors provide insight into this process, suggesting language is planned at different linguistic levels and errors occur when plans at one level interfere with another. Native speakers self-monitor and correct mistakes, demonstrating the difference between linguistic competence and performance.
12.ppt
Language production involves four stages: conceptualization, formulation, articulation, and self-monitoring. In conceptualization, the speaker forms the thought they want to express. In formulation, they plan the linguistic representation. During articulation, the brain sends signals to speech muscles. In self-monitoring, the speaker assesses if their speech matches their intent and corrects any errors. Speech errors provide clues about how language is planned and produced, and that speakers have multiple competing production plans. Native speakers can self-correct immediately, showing production is constantly regulated and sensitive to mistakes.
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. . . all human languages do share the same structure. More e.docx
. . . all human languages do share the same structure. More e.docx
. . . all human languages do share the same structure. More e.docx
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