The document discusses principles for personalizing and segmenting instructional content: 1. Use conversational rather than formal language by employing active voice, second person, and contractions. 2. Include on-screen pedagogical agents to guide learning through coaching, examples, and explanations. 3. Allow the author's voice to enhance the content by including their perspective without bias. It also discusses segmenting lessons into bite-sized portions and pre-training learners on key concepts before instruction. Research shows these techniques improve learning outcomes.