Mengulang kembali pemikiran Kevin Lynch, serta citra kota di masa kini. disajikan pada Skill Share Studio GS J295 Malang, 25 - 5 - 2015

1. THE IMAGE OF THE CITY
Perception – City Attributes – Geo Tagging
Firman Afrianto - 2015

2. CHAPTER ONEWhat are in Kevin Lynch’s mind
ABOUT KEVIN A. LYNCH (1918-1984)
 Born in the 20th century.
 Educated at the Yale university, Rensseleaer
Polytechnic Institute and the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.
 Gained professorship in MIT in the year
1963.
 Eventually earned professor emeritus status
from same.
 Consulted to the state of Rhode island, new
England medical Centre, Boston
redevelopment authority, Puerto Rico

3. CITY AS A TEMPORAL
ART IN VAST SCALE
Like a piece of architecture, the
city is a construction in space,
but one of vast scale, a thing
perceived only in the course of
long spans of time.

4. LEGIBILITY
It mean the ease with which its
parts can be recognized and can
be organized into a coherent
pattern/Just as this printed page,
if it is legible, can be visually
grasped as a related pattern of
recognizable symbols.

5. IMAGEABILITY
Another term introduced by Lynch, is the
quality of physical object, which gives a
observer a strong vivid image.
High imageable city
would be well formed,
would contain distinct
paths.
They should be instantly
recognizable.
Well formed city is highly
dependent upon the
elements because, that
would make the viewers
their city imageable.
Remembering your city
on images is meaningful.
Increasing human ability
to see and remember
patterns, make city easier
to learn

6. MENTAL MAPPING
A person's perception of the
world is known as a mental map.
A mental map is an
individual's own map
of their known world.
Mental maps of
individuals can be
investigated .
By asking for
directions to a
landmark or other
location.
By asking someone to
draw a sketch map of
an area or describe
that area
By asking a person to
name as many places
as possible in a short
period of time.

7. FIVE ELEMENTS
PATHS : Channels
by which people
move along. Eg:
roads, sidewalks,
rails, etc
EDGES : Dividing
lines between 2
phases. Eg:
seashores, railway
lines, etc.DISTRICTS : Are
medium to large
sections of the
city,
characterized by
a wealthy
neighborhood.
Eg: suburbs,
college, etc.
LANDMARKS :
Point of
reference. it
makes one orient
oneself. E.g:
signs, buildings,
stores, etc.
NODES : Area of
strategic spots
where extra focus
is given. E.g: busy
intersection,
popular city center,
etc.

8. CHAPTER TWOUnderstanding five elements

9. Why paths are
important
elements in
the city
image?
Concentrati
on of uses
Containing
significant
buildings
and facades
Paths are
the most
important
elements in
people’s
images
Other
elements
are
arranged
and along
them.
Unclear
paths =
unclear city
image
PATH

10. Edges are linear
elements that form
boundaries between
areas or linear
breaks in continuity
(e.g. shores, railway
cuts, walls).
Natural edges,
Manmade edges
The strongest
edges are
continuous in
form, and often
impenetrable to
cross movement.
Difference between
path and edge, Paths
Direct the motion to
specific direction ,
Edges Prevent motion
in specific direction
EDGES

11. Districts: are the
medium to large parts
of the city which share
the same
characteristics Style -
spatial form,
topography- colors-
texture, urban fabric.
Districts : Districts
may have Clear
edges, or soft
uncertain ones
gradually fading
away into
surrounding areas.
DISTRICT

12. Strategic
points in
the city
the user can
enter it
be directed to
many
destinations
it can be
gathering places
or intersection of
paths, or places
for activities
NODE

13. A physical element with
UNIQUE AND SPECIAL
visual features that has
a "point-specific”
location, and can be
identified from the
distance
Singularity:
“one in the
context”
Clarity of
general
form
LANDMARK

14. None of lynch’s elements exits in isolation : all
combine to provide the overall image
Districts are
structures with
nodes
Edges define
Districts
Paths introduction
to Districts
Nodes sprinkled by
landmarks
Nodes emphasizes
the connection
between paths

15. What creates
unclear urban Image ?
Unclear
urban
images
Discontinu
ous and
unclear
paths
Weak Edges
Lacks of
character
“No
identity”
“No iconic
elements or
landmarks
Branching
in
connection
s branching
Nodes
No
distinctive
districts

16. CHAPTER THREEConclusion

17. THEE WORKABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGES
REQUIRED THREE ATTRIBUTES
1. Identity : an
object’s distinction
from other things
2. Structure : the
object’s spatial
relation to the
observer and other
objects
3. Meaning : the
object’s meaning for
the observer

18. WHAT PURPOSES DOES IT SERVE?
Preventing feeling
“lost”
Helping make the
city feel like “home”

19. CHAPTER FOURThe New Era of Recognizing The Image of The City

20. THE INTERNET ERA
Photosharing websites like
Instagram, Flickr, and Panoramio
have amassed about 4 billion geo-
tagged images, with over 2 million
new images uploaded every day by
users manually.
These images contain a huge
amount of information about the
cities, which are not only used for
landmark detection and
reconstruction, but are also used to
monitor ecological phenomena and
human activity occurring in the city

21. THE INTERNET ERA
City
Attributes
Green Space
Water Coverage
Transportation
Architecture
Vertical Building
Social Activity
Athlethic
Activity

22. MENTAL MAPPING
THROUGH GEO TAGGING
YELLOW dots are locals, CYAN dots tourists, and
BLUE dots are those who Fischer couldn't determine

23. THE END