This document provides information about configuring a Cisco Catalyst 2960 switch, including:
- Details on the Catalyst 2960 switch software configuration guide for Cisco IOS Release 12.2(50)SE.
- Instructions and guidelines for configuring features such as VLANs, security, QoS, monitoring, and more.
- Examples of network configuration designs using Catalyst 2960 switches.
- Information on default settings, commands, and other technical aspects of switch configuration.
This document provides information about Cisco Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 switches, including:
- An overview of features such as performance, manageability, redundancy, and security.
- Examples of network configurations using these switches, such as a small office network and hotel network.
- Instructions for configuring settings like IP addresses, clustering, authentication, and other management functions.
This document provides a software configuration guide for Cisco Aironet 340 and 350 series access point radios and Ethernet interfaces. It includes instructions for configuring basic settings like the system name and SSID, radio settings, VLAN configuration, filters and quality of service settings, Proxy Mobile IP, and other optional settings. The document also covers security configuration such as setting up WEP, enabling additional security features, and configuring different authentication types including open, shared key, EAP, and MAC-based authentication.
This document provides an overview and instructions for configuring and managing Cisco CallManager, including:
- Configuring system settings like servers, Cisco CallManager groups, regions, and device pools.
- Configuring call routing settings like route patterns, hunt pilots, partitions, and calling search spaces.
- Configuring features like automated alternate routing, application dial rules, SIP dial rules, and hunt lists.
The Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series switches are stackable switches that combine ease of use with high resiliency. They use Cisco StackWise technology to operate as a single logical unit. The switches are available with various port configurations to meet different access, aggregation, and backbone connectivity needs. They provide features such as quality of service, security, management, and high availability.
This chapter discusses high availability features in Cisco switches including StackWise, Virtual Switching System (VSS), and supervisor redundancy. StackWise allows switches to be grouped into a single logical switch for configuration and management. VSS combines two physical switches into one virtual switch. Redundant supervisor modules and protocols like Stateful Switchover (SSO) provide continuity of operations during supervisor failures.
The Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers (Fixed) Software Configuration Guide provides instructions for configuring Cisco 1800 series routers. The guide is organized into four parts that cover getting started, configuring Ethernet and DSL access, additional features, and reference information. It is intended for network administrators of varying experience levels and includes configuration examples, commands, and concepts to help users configure the routers.
Cisco catalyst 3750 x and 3560-x series switchesfgonzalez2005
The document describes the Cisco Catalyst 3750-X and 3560-X Series switches. These switches provide high availability, scalability, security, energy efficiency, and ease of operation. Key features include Cisco StackPower technology for sharing power across switches, Cisco StackWise Plus technology for scalability and ease of management, and MACsec encryption. The switches are available in multiple configurations with various port counts and optional uplink modules. They run Cisco IOS software that can be upgraded for additional features and support stacking of up to 9 switches or 432 ports.
This document provides an overview and user guide for ArubaOS 7.3. It covers system basics, profiles management, interface configuration and management, stacking, VLANs, port channels, OAM, and other features. The document includes sections on legal notices, open source software, warranty, and copyright. It provides configuration examples and instructions for using both the CLI and web interface.
This document provides information about Cisco Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 switches, including:
- An overview of features such as performance, manageability, redundancy, and security.
- Examples of network configurations using these switches, such as a small office network and hotel network.
- Instructions for configuring settings like IP addresses, clustering, authentication, and other management functions.
This document provides a software configuration guide for Cisco Aironet 340 and 350 series access point radios and Ethernet interfaces. It includes instructions for configuring basic settings like the system name and SSID, radio settings, VLAN configuration, filters and quality of service settings, Proxy Mobile IP, and other optional settings. The document also covers security configuration such as setting up WEP, enabling additional security features, and configuring different authentication types including open, shared key, EAP, and MAC-based authentication.
This document provides an overview and instructions for configuring and managing Cisco CallManager, including:
- Configuring system settings like servers, Cisco CallManager groups, regions, and device pools.
- Configuring call routing settings like route patterns, hunt pilots, partitions, and calling search spaces.
- Configuring features like automated alternate routing, application dial rules, SIP dial rules, and hunt lists.
The Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series switches are stackable switches that combine ease of use with high resiliency. They use Cisco StackWise technology to operate as a single logical unit. The switches are available with various port configurations to meet different access, aggregation, and backbone connectivity needs. They provide features such as quality of service, security, management, and high availability.
This chapter discusses high availability features in Cisco switches including StackWise, Virtual Switching System (VSS), and supervisor redundancy. StackWise allows switches to be grouped into a single logical switch for configuration and management. VSS combines two physical switches into one virtual switch. Redundant supervisor modules and protocols like Stateful Switchover (SSO) provide continuity of operations during supervisor failures.
The Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers (Fixed) Software Configuration Guide provides instructions for configuring Cisco 1800 series routers. The guide is organized into four parts that cover getting started, configuring Ethernet and DSL access, additional features, and reference information. It is intended for network administrators of varying experience levels and includes configuration examples, commands, and concepts to help users configure the routers.
Cisco catalyst 3750 x and 3560-x series switchesfgonzalez2005
The document describes the Cisco Catalyst 3750-X and 3560-X Series switches. These switches provide high availability, scalability, security, energy efficiency, and ease of operation. Key features include Cisco StackPower technology for sharing power across switches, Cisco StackWise Plus technology for scalability and ease of management, and MACsec encryption. The switches are available in multiple configurations with various port counts and optional uplink modules. They run Cisco IOS software that can be upgraded for additional features and support stacking of up to 9 switches or 432 ports.
This document provides an overview and user guide for ArubaOS 7.3. It covers system basics, profiles management, interface configuration and management, stacking, VLANs, port channels, OAM, and other features. The document includes sections on legal notices, open source software, warranty, and copyright. It provides configuration examples and instructions for using both the CLI and web interface.
This document provides instructions for configuring IPv6 addressing, routing, and basic connectivity on Cisco devices. It includes configuration steps for enabling IPv6 routing, defining IPv6 prefixes, configuring IPv6 on interfaces, and troubleshooting IPv6 connectivity issues. The document also contains examples of IPv6 addressing configurations.
Eyeball Server Management User and Administration GuideEyeball Networks
Eyeball Server Management User and Administration Guide
The Eyeball Server Management (ESM) system is used for the administration and monitoring of the server products from Eyeball Networks, such as AnyFirewall™ Servers, SIP Proxy Servers and XMPP Servers. There are three different components of the ESM:
presence-box
User Administration:
add, modify, remove or disable user accounts and set per- user parameters for a server
stats
Server Statistics:
service usage statistics for servers
bandwidth-box
Server Monitoring:
real- time state and load information about your company’s servers
In order to restrict access to the different components, ESM implements a role- based access control model with two roles: ‘administrator’ (full access) and ‘monitoring’ (access to server monitoring only).
The ESM system utilizes a single grouping of users regardless of whether or not a particular user has access to an Eyeball Server or not. For example an account can be created and assigned monitor status within ESM but has no other privileges on an Eyeball Network AnyFirewall, SIP Proxy or XMPP server.
The document discusses quality of service (QoS) techniques in networking. It covers QoS mechanisms like classification, marking, queueing algorithms, and QoS models. Voice traffic requires low latency, jitter and packet loss, while video and data have different needs. Integrated Services and Differentiated Services are QoS models that allow prioritizing some traffic over others. Classification, shaping, policing and congestion avoidance are tools to implement QoS in a network.
This document provides a configuration guide for Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud Starter Edition 3.0.1. It contains chapters covering prerequisites, configuring Tidal Enterprise Orchestrator, installing or upgrading Cisco Cloud Portal, setting up the directory integration, Cloud Portal, deploying catalogs and portals, running the quick setup wizard, setting up the cloud administration, cloud infrastructure, post-configuration options, setting up an organization and users. It includes appendices with checklists and worksheets.
This document provides an overview and instructions for using Aruba Virtual Intranet Access (VIA) 2.0.1. VIA allows teleworkers and mobile users on Linux computers to securely connect to their corporate network from remote, untrusted locations. It detects the network environment and automatically connects users. The document covers installing and using the VIA application, and configuration steps for the Aruba controller. Troubleshooting tips and contact information are also included.
This document provides a user guide for the ArubaOS 6.3 operating system. It includes sections on fundamentals, deployment scenarios, configuring controllers and networks, control plane security, software licenses, and network configuration parameters. The summary provides high-level information about the document contents and structure but does not include all details.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 9Nil Menon
This chapter discusses access control lists (ACLs) which are used to filter network traffic by controlling access to networks and services. It covers the basics of standard and extended IPv4 ACLs including how they work, guidelines for creation and placement, and how to configure them to filter traffic according to networking requirements. The document provides examples and step-by-step instructions for creating, modifying, and applying both standard and extended IPv4 ACLs on Cisco routers.
This document provides instructions for upgrading the firmware of the 860 DSPi device. It describes three connection methods - serial, Ethernet using a router/DHCP, or Ethernet using a crossover cable and static IP addresses. The steps include downloading the firmware file, connecting the 860 DSPi to a computer, and using the WorkBench software to apply the firmware upgrade.
This document provides instructions for a lesson on securing network devices. It discusses concepts like router hardening, secure administrative access, and network monitoring techniques. It also outlines objectives like configuring a secure network perimeter and demonstrating secure router administration access. Finally, it provides details on implementing security features like banners, SSH, privilege levels, role-based CLI access, resilient configuration, and password recovery procedures.
The document is a presentation on access control lists (ACLs) that contains information over multiple slides. It covers how ACLs filter traffic using permit and deny rules, how wildcard masks work in ACLs, best practices for creating and placing ACLs, how to configure standard IPv4 ACLs to meet networking requirements, and how to troubleshoot common ACL errors. The presentation provides examples and step-by-step instructions on ACL concepts and configuration.
The document discusses configuring and securing a switch for use in a network. It describes summarizing Ethernet operations, switch forwarding methods, and configuring a switch through the Cisco IOS including security features like passwords, SSH, and port security. The objectives are to understand Ethernet, how switches forward frames, and configure a switch for a voice, video and data network with basic security.
Развитие решений для коммутации в корпоративных сетях CiscoCisco Russia
Запись вебинара: http://ciscoclub.ru/razvitie-resheniy-dlya-kommutacii-i-marshrutizacii-v-korporativnyh-setyah-cisco
Подробный обзор текущего состояния продуктовой и технологической линейки Cisco для коммутации в корпоративных сетях.
The document discusses Cisco's StackWise-480 technology used in the Cisco 3850 series switches. StackWise-480 allows switches to be stacked together and operate as a single, unified switch with up to 480 Gbps of bandwidth between stacked switches. It utilizes a ring topology with three eastbound and three westbound rings in each switch, providing high speed and fault tolerance. The stacking supports mixed models of Cisco 3850 switches with different port configurations.
Here are the key steps to configure an IPsec VPN using CLI:
1. Configure ISAKMP policy for IKE phase 1 negotiation.
2. Define IPsec transform sets for encryption and authentication algorithms.
3. Create crypto access control lists (ACLs) to define which traffic should be protected.
4. Apply a crypto map to the interface to associate the ACLs and transform sets to establish security associations for IPsec.
This summarizes the major configuration tasks for setting up an IPsec VPN using CLI on Cisco devices. The steps establish the IKE and IPsec policies, define what traffic to protect, and apply it to interfaces.
Поиск и устранение неисправностей в вычислительной системе Cisco UCSCisco Russia
The document discusses troubleshooting of failures in a Cisco UCS computing system. It describes monitoring the status of various components in the UCS infrastructure like chassis, I/O modules, servers, ports, and hard drives using LED indicators. It also provides instructions on connecting to the fabric interconnects via SSH and using the show tech-support command for detailed information when involving Cisco TAC for issue resolution.
RIPv2 is an enhancement of RIPv1 that supports VLSM, CIDR, and authentication. It addresses limitations of RIPv1 such as not sending subnet masks, not supporting discontiguous subnets or VLSM. RIPv2 configurations allow disabling auto-summarization, and its classless design extends support for CIDR addresses. Troubleshooting focuses on checking versions, network statements, and auto-summarization settings.
I am Having 11 years of IT experience as a IT Professionals in Pakistan, Oman and UAE would like to get a challenging position in IT Infrastructure field under efficient and professional management so as to extend my knowledge and skills that can be utilized to fullest of its growth. I have experience such as -
·IT Planning, IT Infrastructure Management, IT Support ,IT Budget, Project Planning ,Data center Design and Planning , Hardware Sizing
·Administration, Installation and Maintenance of Windows Server 2003, 2008 ,Ms. Exchange Server 2007 and 2010,Configuration of Active Directory, DNS,DHCP,VMware Virtualization , Installation and Maintenance of SAP ERP ECC 6.0 Server, Microsoft Dynamics GP , SQL Server 2005 and 2008 .
·Installation of Linux Centos , Ubuntu , Debian ,Suse Open Exchange , Citrix XenApp 5.0
·Installation and Configuring of Cisco Routers, Switches, RAID,LAN,IP VPN,MPLS,VLAN, WAN, Firewall, Access Point, VoIP Phone, Avaya IP Office, Access Control Security Systems, SAN and NAS,CCTV,NVR and MDVR. Backup Planning.
This document provides instructions for configuring IPv6 addressing, routing, and basic connectivity on Cisco devices. It includes configuration steps for enabling IPv6 routing, defining IPv6 prefixes, configuring IPv6 on interfaces, and troubleshooting IPv6 connectivity issues. The document also contains examples of IPv6 addressing configurations.
Eyeball Server Management User and Administration GuideEyeball Networks
Eyeball Server Management User and Administration Guide
The Eyeball Server Management (ESM) system is used for the administration and monitoring of the server products from Eyeball Networks, such as AnyFirewall™ Servers, SIP Proxy Servers and XMPP Servers. There are three different components of the ESM:
presence-box
User Administration:
add, modify, remove or disable user accounts and set per- user parameters for a server
stats
Server Statistics:
service usage statistics for servers
bandwidth-box
Server Monitoring:
real- time state and load information about your company’s servers
In order to restrict access to the different components, ESM implements a role- based access control model with two roles: ‘administrator’ (full access) and ‘monitoring’ (access to server monitoring only).
The ESM system utilizes a single grouping of users regardless of whether or not a particular user has access to an Eyeball Server or not. For example an account can be created and assigned monitor status within ESM but has no other privileges on an Eyeball Network AnyFirewall, SIP Proxy or XMPP server.
The document discusses quality of service (QoS) techniques in networking. It covers QoS mechanisms like classification, marking, queueing algorithms, and QoS models. Voice traffic requires low latency, jitter and packet loss, while video and data have different needs. Integrated Services and Differentiated Services are QoS models that allow prioritizing some traffic over others. Classification, shaping, policing and congestion avoidance are tools to implement QoS in a network.
This document provides a configuration guide for Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud Starter Edition 3.0.1. It contains chapters covering prerequisites, configuring Tidal Enterprise Orchestrator, installing or upgrading Cisco Cloud Portal, setting up the directory integration, Cloud Portal, deploying catalogs and portals, running the quick setup wizard, setting up the cloud administration, cloud infrastructure, post-configuration options, setting up an organization and users. It includes appendices with checklists and worksheets.
This document provides an overview and instructions for using Aruba Virtual Intranet Access (VIA) 2.0.1. VIA allows teleworkers and mobile users on Linux computers to securely connect to their corporate network from remote, untrusted locations. It detects the network environment and automatically connects users. The document covers installing and using the VIA application, and configuration steps for the Aruba controller. Troubleshooting tips and contact information are also included.
This document provides a user guide for the ArubaOS 6.3 operating system. It includes sections on fundamentals, deployment scenarios, configuring controllers and networks, control plane security, software licenses, and network configuration parameters. The summary provides high-level information about the document contents and structure but does not include all details.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 9Nil Menon
This chapter discusses access control lists (ACLs) which are used to filter network traffic by controlling access to networks and services. It covers the basics of standard and extended IPv4 ACLs including how they work, guidelines for creation and placement, and how to configure them to filter traffic according to networking requirements. The document provides examples and step-by-step instructions for creating, modifying, and applying both standard and extended IPv4 ACLs on Cisco routers.
This document provides instructions for upgrading the firmware of the 860 DSPi device. It describes three connection methods - serial, Ethernet using a router/DHCP, or Ethernet using a crossover cable and static IP addresses. The steps include downloading the firmware file, connecting the 860 DSPi to a computer, and using the WorkBench software to apply the firmware upgrade.
This document provides instructions for a lesson on securing network devices. It discusses concepts like router hardening, secure administrative access, and network monitoring techniques. It also outlines objectives like configuring a secure network perimeter and demonstrating secure router administration access. Finally, it provides details on implementing security features like banners, SSH, privilege levels, role-based CLI access, resilient configuration, and password recovery procedures.
The document is a presentation on access control lists (ACLs) that contains information over multiple slides. It covers how ACLs filter traffic using permit and deny rules, how wildcard masks work in ACLs, best practices for creating and placing ACLs, how to configure standard IPv4 ACLs to meet networking requirements, and how to troubleshoot common ACL errors. The presentation provides examples and step-by-step instructions on ACL concepts and configuration.
The document discusses configuring and securing a switch for use in a network. It describes summarizing Ethernet operations, switch forwarding methods, and configuring a switch through the Cisco IOS including security features like passwords, SSH, and port security. The objectives are to understand Ethernet, how switches forward frames, and configure a switch for a voice, video and data network with basic security.
Развитие решений для коммутации в корпоративных сетях CiscoCisco Russia
Запись вебинара: http://ciscoclub.ru/razvitie-resheniy-dlya-kommutacii-i-marshrutizacii-v-korporativnyh-setyah-cisco
Подробный обзор текущего состояния продуктовой и технологической линейки Cisco для коммутации в корпоративных сетях.
The document discusses Cisco's StackWise-480 technology used in the Cisco 3850 series switches. StackWise-480 allows switches to be stacked together and operate as a single, unified switch with up to 480 Gbps of bandwidth between stacked switches. It utilizes a ring topology with three eastbound and three westbound rings in each switch, providing high speed and fault tolerance. The stacking supports mixed models of Cisco 3850 switches with different port configurations.
Here are the key steps to configure an IPsec VPN using CLI:
1. Configure ISAKMP policy for IKE phase 1 negotiation.
2. Define IPsec transform sets for encryption and authentication algorithms.
3. Create crypto access control lists (ACLs) to define which traffic should be protected.
4. Apply a crypto map to the interface to associate the ACLs and transform sets to establish security associations for IPsec.
This summarizes the major configuration tasks for setting up an IPsec VPN using CLI on Cisco devices. The steps establish the IKE and IPsec policies, define what traffic to protect, and apply it to interfaces.
Поиск и устранение неисправностей в вычислительной системе Cisco UCSCisco Russia
The document discusses troubleshooting of failures in a Cisco UCS computing system. It describes monitoring the status of various components in the UCS infrastructure like chassis, I/O modules, servers, ports, and hard drives using LED indicators. It also provides instructions on connecting to the fabric interconnects via SSH and using the show tech-support command for detailed information when involving Cisco TAC for issue resolution.
RIPv2 is an enhancement of RIPv1 that supports VLSM, CIDR, and authentication. It addresses limitations of RIPv1 such as not sending subnet masks, not supporting discontiguous subnets or VLSM. RIPv2 configurations allow disabling auto-summarization, and its classless design extends support for CIDR addresses. Troubleshooting focuses on checking versions, network statements, and auto-summarization settings.
I am Having 11 years of IT experience as a IT Professionals in Pakistan, Oman and UAE would like to get a challenging position in IT Infrastructure field under efficient and professional management so as to extend my knowledge and skills that can be utilized to fullest of its growth. I have experience such as -
·IT Planning, IT Infrastructure Management, IT Support ,IT Budget, Project Planning ,Data center Design and Planning , Hardware Sizing
·Administration, Installation and Maintenance of Windows Server 2003, 2008 ,Ms. Exchange Server 2007 and 2010,Configuration of Active Directory, DNS,DHCP,VMware Virtualization , Installation and Maintenance of SAP ERP ECC 6.0 Server, Microsoft Dynamics GP , SQL Server 2005 and 2008 .
·Installation of Linux Centos , Ubuntu , Debian ,Suse Open Exchange , Citrix XenApp 5.0
·Installation and Configuring of Cisco Routers, Switches, RAID,LAN,IP VPN,MPLS,VLAN, WAN, Firewall, Access Point, VoIP Phone, Avaya IP Office, Access Control Security Systems, SAN and NAS,CCTV,NVR and MDVR. Backup Planning.
Windows server 2012 - installing active directory domain serverahmadbahaj
This document provides steps for installing and configuring Active Directory on a Windows Server 2012 system. It outlines accessing the Server Manager, selecting the Active Directory Domain Services role, completing additional required configurations, promoting the server to a domain controller, specifying domain and DNS settings, and verifying the installation is complete. The goal is to walk through setting up Active Directory on Windows Server 2012.
Windows Server 2012 Developer Preview Active Directory Kurulum ve Gelen Yenil...Serhad MAKBULOĞLU, MBA
Bu web seminerinde, Microsoft’un server ürün ailesinin son üyesi olan Windows Server 2012 Active Directory Servisi ile birlikte gelen yeniliklerden bahsedip, kurulumunu gerçekleştireceğiz.
Cisco Routing and Switching by yateendra sahu pptyateendrasahu
A network connects computing devices like computers, printers, and routers that can communicate with each other. There are several types of networks including local area networks (LANs) that connect devices within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) that connect LANs across a city, and wide area networks (WANs) that connect LANs over a larger geographic area. Networks use devices like switches, routers, and bridges to direct data between connected devices and allow communication. Routers in particular send data packets between different networks by maintaining routing tables that contain addressing information.
IP CCTV provides advantages over traditional CCTV systems by leveraging network technology. It offers features like intuitive user interfaces, integration with other systems, high quality video, scalability, and software-driven capabilities. Add-on software allows for applications like perimeter monitoring, object tracking, access control integration, and license plate recognition. Case studies show IP CCTV providing benefits like improved security and an eight month return on investment.
The document provides information about computer networks and routing & switching certification (CCNA). It discusses TCIL-IT, a company that provides computer networking education and training. It then covers topics such as network design, types of networks, network topologies, networking devices, cables, IP addresses, and basic router configuration commands. The document is intended to provide an overview of concepts relevant to the CCNA certification program for computer networking.
Presentation from ACTi to explain their IPCCTV Network Video Recorder software options. They offer a comprehensive range of IP CCTV recording and management software ranging from single site to overview management for many sites.
IP tables-the linux firewall. This link shows the pdf document that you can download.This is a useful document for the beginners, lays the attention to know more about the topic.
CCNA R&S-20-Configuring IPv4 Addresses and RoutesAmir Jafari
This document discusses configuring IPv4 addresses and routes on routers. It covers:
- Connected routes are automatically added for subnets connected to router interfaces when the interface has an IP address configured.
- Routers can route between VLAN subnets using subinterfaces on a physical interface connected via an 802.1Q trunk. Each subinterface represents a VLAN and requires an IP address for the associated subnet.
- Configuring IP addresses on subinterfaces and enabling 802.1Q trunking with the correct VLAN ID allows a router to route between VLAN subnets using only one physical interface.
Pass4sure 300-101 CCNP Routing And Switching Protocolpheaboup
Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE 300-101) is a qualifying exam for the Cisco CCNP Routing and Switching and CCDP certifications. http://www.pass4surebraindumps.com/300-101.html
The document discusses and compares analog and IP CCTV solutions. It outlines the main components of each system including cameras, storage devices, cables and other equipment. It provides details on different camera types, recording devices, cabling options and considerations for each solution. Overall, it finds that while analog solutions have lower installation costs, IP solutions provide better video quality, individual camera viewing, long distance connectivity and reliability.
This document provides a reference for Cisco router commands introduced during the Cisco Networking Academy Program semesters 2, 3, and 4 for CCNA certification, covering topics such as router configurations, interfaces, protocols, testing, and passwords. It includes the semester 2 lab topology diagram and lists physical router connection steps. The document is compiled from Cisco Networking Academy and CCNA study guide sources.
The presentation covers the basics of packet forwarding and simplified architecture of the router. Additionally it explains what problem Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) solves and how. At the end static routing is covered.
Delivered by Dmitry Figol, CCIE R&S #53592.
This document provides an introduction to 100 questions about planning, installing, and managing VMware Server, Workstation, and ESX. It aims to answer the most common questions asked in forums and by customers. Each section addresses a different aspect of VMware and virtualization to help users become more successful with VMware products and solutions.
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including network topologies (star, ring, bus, peer-to-peer, client-server), physical and wireless transmission media (twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, infrared, radio waves, satellite), common network devices (NIC, hub, router, modem, access point), server types (file server, print server, email server, web server), network architectures (client-server, peer-to-peer), network operating systems, and advantages of computer networks such as sharing resources.
The document provides details about installation, upgrade, hardware requirements, supported operating systems and databases for VMware ESX Server 3.0.1 and Virtual Center 2.0.1. It discusses the major components, minimum hardware requirements for VirtualCenter Server and Virtual Infrastructure Client. It also lists the supported databases, file extensions, differences between ESX and GSX, current ESX hardware version and various virtualization products.
1. The document appears to be a presentation by Willy Aoll, Group Head of Sales & Marketing for Avtech Systems East Africa, about the company's products and services.
2. Avtech Systems provides audiovisual, broadcasting, wireless and security equipment and has completed various installation projects for customers such as law courts and churches.
3. The presentation highlights Avtech's product offerings and partnerships, and provides details on proposed security and networking solutions for a parking area project.
Distance vector routing is an algorithm where each node maintains a routing table with the distances to all other nodes and shares this table periodically with its neighbors. Nodes initially only know the cost to directly connected neighbors and update their tables based on information received, potentially leading to a "count to infinity" problem if routes oscillate. Solutions include using split horizon to not pass back the source of a route and poison reverse to mark such routes as infinite. RIP is an implementation of distance vector routing that shares updates every 30 seconds.
Active Directory is a directory service created by Microsoft that allows the management of users, groups, computers and other network resources. It uses a centralized database that contains information about these objects and authenticates users on the network. Administrators can use Active Directory to control permissions, security settings and other policies for all connected computers from a central location. It provides benefits like single sign-on, centralized management and automation of tasks. Active Directory requires a Windows server and networking infrastructure and planning is important for successful implementation and management of the directory service.
This document provides instructions and guidelines for configuring and managing Cisco networking hardware and software. It includes information on:
- Configuring redundancy features like NSF with SSO and RPR supervisor engine redundancy for high availability.
- Configuring and monitoring the switch fabric functionality for optimal performance.
- Configuring interfaces including setting speed, duplex mode, flow control, and other optional features.
- Performing enhanced fast software upgrades to minimize disruption when updating software versions.
The document contains detailed technical information, commands, and verification steps to configure and manage Cisco switches and routers for various networking needs.
This document provides instructions for configuring Cisco Secure Access Control Server (ACS), including deploying ACS servers, configuring new features in ACS 4.2, using RDBMS synchronization, setting password policies, configuring agentless host support, PEAP/EAP-TLS authentication, syslog logging, and network access control. It describes factors to consider for deployment and provides step-by-step examples for common configuration scenarios. The document is intended for security administrators who configure and maintain network and application security using ACS.
This document provides instructions for configuring Cisco Aironet access points. It begins with an overview that describes the features and management options of Cisco Aironet access points. It then provides step-by-step instructions for initial configuration, including obtaining an IP address, assigning basic settings through the web interface or command line. The document also covers more advanced configuration topics such as security, radio settings, multiple SSIDs, and using the access point as a local authenticator.
Voice over wireless lan 4.1 design guideAhmad Irfan
This document provides a design guide for implementing voice over wireless LAN (VoWLAN) solutions using Cisco products and technologies. It discusses network design considerations for WLAN quality of service, radio frequency planning, security, roaming, and testing architectures. The guide also covers configuration and implementation of Cisco Unified IP Phones, Wireless LAN Controllers, and integration with Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
This document contains information about Cisco's AsyncOS 8.0 for Email software, including:
- Copyright and legal notices about specifications, warranties, and liability
- An overview of the software's features for receiving, routing, and delivering email
- Instructions for configuring the gateway to receive email by defining listeners, mail flow policies, and the host access table
This document provides a troubleshooting guide for the Cisco IOS XR Software and Cisco ASR 9000 Aggregation Services Router. It describes how to validate software installation and configuration, verify interfaces and connectivity, troubleshoot packet forwarding issues, and gather system information for technical support. Specific problems covered include interface status, routing, switch fabric, MPLS, VLANs, Ethernet services, and more.
Cisco ios xr mpls configuration guide for the cisco crs router,Pablo Guillen
This document provides a summary of MPLS configuration guidelines for Cisco IOS XR software. It describes how to implement MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) as well as MPLS forwarding and traffic engineering. The document includes sections on configuring MPLS features such as LDP discovery, label advertisement control, graceful restart, RSVP authentication, traffic engineered tunnels, fast reroute, and interarea tunneling.
The document provides guidance on migrating configuration data from Cisco Secure Access Control System (ACS) Releases 3.x and 4.x to ACS Release 5.6. It describes the differences between the older and new versions, outlines the migration process, and details how to use the ACS 5.6 Migration Utility to migrate users, network devices, policies and other elements from ACS 4.x to 5.6. Administrators can use the utility to analyze, export, import and validate configuration data during the migration.
This document provides information about Cisco's Catalyst 4500 Series Switch, including:
- Contact information for Cisco's corporate headquarters and information on how to access documentation and technical support.
- An overview of the system message format used for error messages on the Catalyst 4500, including the message structure, severity levels, and sample messages.
- Explanations of specific error messages generated by the Catalyst 4500, grouped by component or issue, along with recommended recovery procedures.
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable advising on specific network configuration or security settings without understanding your full network environment and needs. In general, Cisco Configuration Assistant is a useful tool for centrally managing Cisco devices, but any network changes should be tested carefully before deploying to production. Please consult Cisco support or a network professional if you have any other questions.
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1. Verify that the router system is in a stable state with no pending changes.
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Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
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Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
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C O N T E N T S
Preface xxxiii
Audience xxxiii
Purpose xxxiii
Conventions xxxiii
Related Publications xxxiv
Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines xxxv
C H A P T E R 1 Overview 1-1
Features 1-1
Ease-of-Deployment and Ease-of-Use Features 1-2
Performance Features 1-3
Management Options 1-4
Manageability Features 1-5
Availability and Redundancy Features 1-6
VLAN Features 1-7
Security Features 1-8
QoS and CoS Features 1-11
Layer 3 Features 1-12
Power over Ethernet Features 1-12
Monitoring Features 1-13
Default Settings After Initial Switch Configuration 1-13
Network Configuration Examples 1-16
Design Concepts for Using the Switch 1-16
Small to Medium-Sized Network Using Catalyst 2960 Switches 1-19
Long-Distance, High-Bandwidth Transport Configuration 1-20
Where to Go Next 1-21
C H A P T E R 2 Using the Command-Line Interface 2-1
Understanding Command Modes 2-1
Understanding the Help System 2-3
Understanding Abbreviated Commands 2-4
Understanding no and default Forms of Commands 2-4
Understanding CLI Error Messages 2-5
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Using Configuration Logging 2-5
Using Command History 2-6
Changing the Command History Buffer Size 2-6
Recalling Commands 2-6
Disabling the Command History Feature 2-7
Using Editing Features 2-7
Enabling and Disabling Editing Features 2-7
Editing Commands through Keystrokes 2-7
Editing Command Lines that Wrap 2-9
Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands 2-10
Accessing the CLI 2-10
Accessing the CLI through a Console Connection or through Telnet 2-10
C H A P T E R 3 Assigning the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway 3-1
Understanding the Boot Process 3-1
Assigning Switch Information 3-2
Default Switch Information 3-3
Understanding DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration 3-3
DHCP Client Request Process 3-4
Understanding DHCP-based Autoconfiguration and Image Update 3-4
DHCP Autoconfiguration 3-5
DHCP Auto-Image Update 3-5
Limitations and Restrictions 3-5
Configuring DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration 3-6
DHCP Server Configuration Guidelines 3-6
Configuring the TFTP Server 3-7
Configuring the DNS 3-7
Configuring the Relay Device 3-7
Obtaining Configuration Files 3-8
Example Configuration 3-9
Configuring the DHCP Auto Configuration and Image Update Features 3-11
Configuring DHCP Autoconfiguration (Only Configuration File) 3-11
Configuring DHCP Auto-Image Update (Configuration File and Image) 3-12
Configuring the Client 3-13
Manually Assigning IP Information 3-14
Checking and Saving the Running Configuration 3-14
Modifying the Startup Configuration 3-15
Default Boot Configuration 3-16
Automatically Downloading a Configuration File 3-16
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Specifying the Filename to Read and Write the System Configuration 3-16
Booting Manually 3-17
Booting a Specific Software Image 3-18
Controlling Environment Variables 3-18
Scheduling a Reload of the Software Image 3-20
Configuring a Scheduled Reload 3-20
Displaying Scheduled Reload Information 3-21
C H A P T E R 4 Configuring Cisco EnergyWise 4-1
Managing Single Entities 4-1
EnergyWise Entity 4-1
EnergyWise Domain 4-2
EnergyWise Network 4-2
Single PoE Switch Scenario 4-3
EnergyWise Power Level 4-4
EnergyWise Importance 4-5
EnergyWise Names, Roles, and Keywords 4-5
Configuration Guidelines 4-5
PoE and EnergyWise Interactions 4-5
Manually Managing Power 4-6
Powering the Entity 4-6
Configuring Entity Attributes 4-7
Powering the PoE Port 4-8
Configuring PoE-Port Attributes 4-8
Automatically Managing Power (Recurrence) 4-9
Examples 4-11
Setting Up the Domain 4-11
Manually Managing Power 4-12
Automatically Managing Power 4-12
Managing Multiple Entities 4-12
Multiple PoE Switch Scenario 4-13
EnergyWise Query 4-13
Using Queries to Manage Power in the Domain 4-14
Examples 4-15
Querying with the Name Attribute 4-15
Querying with Keywords 4-16
Querying to Set Power Levels 4-16
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Troubleshooting EnergyWise 4-16
Using CLI Commands 4-17
Verifying the Power Usage 4-17
Additional Information 4-18
Managing Power in a LAN 4-18
Managing Power with IP Routing 4-18
C H A P T E R 5 Clustering Switches 5-1
Understanding Switch Clusters 5-1
Cluster Command Switch Characteristics 5-3
Standby Cluster Command Switch Characteristics 5-3
Candidate Switch and Cluster Member Switch Characteristics 5-3
Planning a Switch Cluster 5-4
Automatic Discovery of Cluster Candidates and Members 5-4
Discovery Through CDP Hops 5-5
Discovery Through Non-CDP-Capable and Noncluster-Capable Devices 5-6
Discovery Through Different VLANs 5-6
Discovery Through Different Management VLANs 5-7
Discovery of Newly Installed Switches 5-8
HSRP and Standby Cluster Command Switches 5-9
Virtual IP Addresses 5-10
Other Considerations for Cluster Standby Groups 5-10
Automatic Recovery of Cluster Configuration 5-11
IP Addresses 5-12
Hostnames 5-12
Passwords 5-12
SNMP Community Strings 5-13
TACACS+ and RADIUS 5-13
LRE Profiles 5-13
Using the CLI to Manage Switch Clusters 5-14
Catalyst 1900 and Catalyst 2820 CLI Considerations 5-14
Using SNMP to Manage Switch Clusters 5-14
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C H A P T E R 6 Administering the Switch 6-1
Managing the System Time and Date 6-1
Understanding the System Clock 6-1
Understanding Network Time Protocol 6-2
Configuring NTP 6-3
Default NTP Configuration 6-4
Configuring NTP Authentication 6-4
Configuring NTP Associations 6-5
Configuring NTP Broadcast Service 6-6
Configuring NTP Access Restrictions 6-8
Configuring the Source IP Address for NTP Packets 6-10
Displaying the NTP Configuration 6-11
Configuring Time and Date Manually 6-11
Setting the System Clock 6-11
Displaying the Time and Date Configuration 6-12
Configuring the Time Zone 6-12
Configuring Summer Time (Daylight Saving Time) 6-13
Configuring a System Name and Prompt 6-14
Default System Name and Prompt Configuration 6-15
Configuring a System Name 6-15
Understanding DNS 6-15
Default DNS Configuration 6-16
Setting Up DNS 6-16
Displaying the DNS Configuration 6-17
Creating a Banner 6-17
Default Banner Configuration 6-17
Configuring a Message-of-the-Day Login Banner 6-18
Configuring a Login Banner 6-18
Managing the MAC Address Table 6-19
Building the Address Table 6-20
MAC Addresses and VLANs 6-20
Default MAC Address Table Configuration 6-20
Changing the Address Aging Time 6-21
Removing Dynamic Address Entries 6-21
Configuring MAC Address Notification Traps 6-21
Adding and Removing Static Address Entries 6-24
Configuring Unicast MAC Address Filtering 6-25
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Disabling MAC Address Learning on a VLAN 6-26
Displaying Address Table Entries 6-27
Managing the ARP Table 6-27
C H A P T E R 7 Configuring SDM Templates 7-1
Understanding the SDM Templates 7-1
Configuring the Switch SDM Template 7-2
Default SDM Template 7-2
SDM Template Configuration Guidelines 7-2
Setting the SDM Template 7-3
.Displaying the SDM Templates 7-3
C H A P T E R 8 Configuring Switch-Based Authentication 8-1
Preventing Unauthorized Access to Your Switch 8-1
Protecting Access to Privileged EXEC Commands 8-2
Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration 8-2
Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password 8-3
Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption 8-3
Disabling Password Recovery 8-5
Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line 8-6
Configuring Username and Password Pairs 8-6
Configuring Multiple Privilege Levels 8-7
Setting the Privilege Level for a Command 8-8
Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines 8-9
Logging into and Exiting a Privilege Level 8-9
Controlling Switch Access with TACACS+ 8-10
Understanding TACACS+ 8-10
TACACS+ Operation 8-12
Configuring TACACS+ 8-12
Default TACACS+ Configuration 8-13
Identifying the TACACS+ Server Host and Setting the Authentication Key 8-13
Configuring TACACS+ Login Authentication 8-14
Configuring TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services 8-16
Starting TACACS+ Accounting 8-17
Displaying the TACACS+ Configuration 8-17
Controlling Switch Access with RADIUS 8-17
Understanding RADIUS 8-18
RADIUS Operation 8-19
Configuring RADIUS 8-19
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Default RADIUS Configuration 8-20
Identifying the RADIUS Server Host 8-20
Configuring RADIUS Login Authentication 8-23
Defining AAA Server Groups 8-25
Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services 8-27
Starting RADIUS Accounting 8-28
Configuring Settings for All RADIUS Servers 8-29
Configuring the Switch to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes 8-29
Configuring the Switch for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication 8-31
Configuring RADIUS Server Load Balancing 8-31
Displaying the RADIUS Configuration 8-32
Configuring the Switch for Local Authentication and Authorization 8-32
Configuring the Switch for Secure Shell 8-33
Understanding SSH 8-33
SSH Servers, Integrated Clients, and Supported Versions 8-33
Limitations 8-34
Configuring SSH 8-34
Configuration Guidelines 8-34
Setting Up the Switch to Run SSH 8-35
Configuring the SSH Server 8-36
Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status 8-37
Configuring the Switch for Secure Socket Layer HTTP 8-37
Understanding Secure HTTP Servers and Clients 8-37
Certificate Authority Trustpoints 8-38
CipherSuites 8-39
Configuring Secure HTTP Servers and Clients 8-40
Default SSL Configuration 8-40
SSL Configuration Guidelines 8-40
Configuring a CA Trustpoint 8-40
Configuring the Secure HTTP Server 8-41
Configuring the Secure HTTP Client 8-43
Displaying Secure HTTP Server and Client Status 8-44
Configuring the Switch for Secure Copy Protocol 8-44
Information About Secure Copy 8-44
C H A P T E R 9 Configuring IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication 9-1
Understanding IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication 9-1
Device Roles 9-3
Authentication Process 9-4
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Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange 9-6
Authentication Manager 9-8
Port-Based Authentication Methods 9-8
Per-User ACLs and Filter-Ids 9-9
Authentication Manager CLI Commands 9-9
Ports in Authorized and Unauthorized States 9-10
802.1x Host Mode 9-11
Multidomain Authentication 9-12
802.1x Multiple Authentication Mode 9-13
802.1x Accounting 9-13
802.1x Accounting Attribute-Value Pairs 9-14
802.1x Readiness Check 9-15
802.1x Authentication with VLAN Assignment 9-15
802.1x Authentication with Downloadable ACLs and Redirect URLs 9-17
Cisco Secure ACS and Attribute-Value Pairs for the Redirect URL 9-17
Cisco Secure ACS and Attribute-Value Pairs for Downloadable ACLs 9-18
802.1x Authentication with Guest VLAN 9-18
802.1x Authentication with Restricted VLAN 9-19
802.1x Authentication with Inaccessible Authentication Bypass 9-20
802.1x Authentication with Voice VLAN Ports 9-21
802.1x Authentication with Port Security 9-22
802.1x Authentication with Wake-on-LAN 9-23
802.1x Authentication with MAC Authentication Bypass 9-24
Network Admission Control Layer 2 802.1x Validation 9-25
Flexible Authentication Ordering 9-25
Open1x Authentication 9-25
Using Voice Aware 802.1x Security 9-26
802.1x Switch Supplicant with Network Edge Access Topology (NEAT) 9-26
Web Authentication 9-27
Web Authentication with Automatic MAC Check 9-28
Local Web Authentication Banner 9-28
Using IEEE 802.1x Authentication with ACLs and the RADIUS Filter-Id Attribute 9-30
Configuring 802.1x Authentication 9-31
Default 802.1x Authentication Configuration 9-32
802.1x Authentication Configuration Guidelines 9-33
802.1x Authentication 9-33
VLAN Assignment, Guest VLAN, Restricted VLAN, and Inaccessible Authentication
Bypass 9-34
MAC Authentication Bypass 9-35
Maximum Number of Allowed Devices Per Port 9-35
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Configuring 802.1x Readiness Check 9-35
Configuring Voice Aware 802.1x Security 9-36
Configuring 802.1x Violation Modes 9-37
Configuring 802.1x Authentication 9-38
Configuring the Switch-to-RADIUS-Server Communication 9-40
Configuring the Host Mode 9-41
Configuring Periodic Re-Authentication 9-42
Manually Re-Authenticating a Client Connected to a Port 9-43
Changing the Quiet Period 9-44
Changing the Switch-to-Client Retransmission Time 9-44
Setting the Switch-to-Client Frame-Retransmission Number 9-45
Setting the Re-Authentication Number 9-46
Configuring 802.1x Accounting 9-46
Configuring a Guest VLAN 9-47
Configuring a Restricted VLAN 9-48
Configuring the Inaccessible Authentication Bypass Feature 9-50
Configuring 802.1x Authentication with WoL 9-53
Configuring MAC Authentication Bypass 9-54
Configuring NAC Layer 2 802.1x Validation 9-55
Configuring 802.1x Switch Supplicant with NEAT 9-56
Configuring 802.1x Authentication with Downloadable ACLs and Redirect URLs 9-58
Configuring Downloadable ACLs 9-58
Configuring a Downloadable Policy 9-59
Configuring Flexible Authentication Ordering 9-60
Configuring Open1x 9-61
Configuring Web Authentication 9-62
Configuring a Web Authentication Local Banner 9-64
Disabling 802.1x Authentication on the Port 9-65
Resetting the 802.1x Authentication Configuration to the Default Values 9-66
Displaying 802.1x Statistics and Status 9-66
C H A P T E R 10 Configuring Interface Characteristics 10-1
Understanding Interface Types 10-1
Port-Based VLANs 10-2
Switch Ports 10-2
Access Ports 10-2
Trunk Ports 10-3
EtherChannel Port Groups 10-3
Dual-Purpose Uplink Ports 10-4
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Power over Ethernet Ports 10-4
Supported Protocols and Standards 10-4
Powered-Device Detection and Initial Power Allocation 10-5
Power Management Modes 10-6
Power Monitoring and Power Policing 10-7
Connecting Interfaces 10-9
Using Interface Configuration Mode 10-9
Procedures for Configuring Interfaces 10-10
Configuring a Range of Interfaces 10-10
Configuring and Using Interface Range Macros 10-12
Configuring Ethernet Interfaces 10-14
Default Ethernet Interface Configuration 10-14
Setting the Type of a Dual-Purpose Uplink Port 10-15
Configuring Interface Speed and Duplex Mode 10-17
Speed and Duplex Configuration Guidelines 10-17
Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters 10-18
Configuring IEEE 802.3x Flow Control 10-19
Configuring Auto-MDIX on an Interface 10-20
Configuring a Power Management Mode on a PoE Port 10-21
Budgeting Power for Devices Connected to a PoE Port 10-22
Configuring Power Policing 10-23
Adding a Description for an Interface 10-24
Configuring the System MTU 10-25
Monitoring and Maintaining the Interfaces 10-26
Monitoring Interface Status 10-26
Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters 10-27
Shutting Down and Restarting the Interface 10-28
C H A P T E R 11 Configuring Auto Smartports Macros 11-1
Understanding Auto Smartports and Static Smartports Macros 11-1
Configuring Auto Smartports 11-2
Default Auto Smartports Configuration 11-2
Auto Smartports Configuration Guidelines 11-3
Enabling Auto Smartports 11-3
Configuring Auto Smartports Built-in Macros 11-4
Configuring Event Triggers 11-6
Configuring Auto Smartports User-Defined Macros 11-9
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Configuring Static Smartports Macros 11-11
Default Static Smartports Configuration 11-11
Static Smartports Configuration Guidelines 11-12
Applying Static Smartports Macros 11-12
Displaying Auto Smartports and Static Smartports Macros 11-14
C H A P T E R 12 Configuring VLANs 12-1
Understanding VLANs 12-1
Supported VLANs 12-2
VLAN Port Membership Modes 12-3
Configuring Normal-Range VLANs 12-4
Token Ring VLANs 12-5
Normal-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines 12-5
VLAN Configuration Mode Options 12-6
VLAN Configuration in config-vlan Mode 12-6
VLAN Configuration in VLAN Database Configuration Mode 12-6
Saving VLAN Configuration 12-7
Default Ethernet VLAN Configuration 12-7
Creating or Modifying an Ethernet VLAN 12-8
Deleting a VLAN 12-10
Assigning Static-Access Ports to a VLAN 12-10
Configuring Extended-Range VLANs 12-11
Default VLAN Configuration 12-12
Extended-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines 12-12
Creating an Extended-Range VLAN 12-13
Displaying VLANs 12-14
Configuring VLAN Trunks 12-14
Trunking Overview 12-14
IEEE 802.1Q Configuration Considerations 12-15
Default Layer 2 Ethernet Interface VLAN Configuration 12-16
Configuring an Ethernet Interface as a Trunk Port 12-16
Interaction with Other Features 12-16
Configuring a Trunk Port 12-17
Defining the Allowed VLANs on a Trunk 12-18
Changing the Pruning-Eligible List 12-19
Configuring the Native VLAN for Untagged Traffic 12-19
Configuring Trunk Ports for Load Sharing 12-20
Load Sharing Using STP Port Priorities 12-20
Load Sharing Using STP Path Cost 12-22
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Configuring VMPS 12-23
Understanding VMPS 12-24
Dynamic-Access Port VLAN Membership 12-24
Default VMPS Client Configuration 12-25
VMPS Configuration Guidelines 12-25
Configuring the VMPS Client 12-25
Entering the IP Address of the VMPS 12-26
Configuring Dynamic-Access Ports on VMPS Clients 12-26
Reconfirming VLAN Memberships 12-27
Changing the Reconfirmation Interval 12-27
Changing the Retry Count 12-28
Monitoring the VMPS 12-28
Troubleshooting Dynamic-Access Port VLAN Membership 12-29
VMPS Configuration Example 12-29
C H A P T E R 13 Configuring VTP 13-1
Understanding VTP 13-1
The VTP Domain 13-2
VTP Modes 13-3
VTP Advertisements 13-3
VTP Version 2 13-4
VTP Pruning 13-4
Configuring VTP 13-6
Default VTP Configuration 13-6
VTP Configuration Options 13-7
VTP Configuration in Global Configuration Mode 13-7
VTP Configuration in VLAN Database Configuration Mode 13-7
VTP Configuration Guidelines 13-8
Domain Names 13-8
Passwords 13-8
VTP Version 13-8
Configuration Requirements 13-9
Configuring a VTP Server 13-9
Configuring a VTP Client 13-11
Disabling VTP (VTP Transparent Mode) 13-12
Enabling VTP Version 2 13-13
Enabling VTP Pruning 13-14
Adding a VTP Client Switch to a VTP Domain 13-14
Monitoring VTP 13-16
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C H A P T E R 14 Configuring Voice VLAN 14-1
Understanding Voice VLAN 14-1
Cisco IP Phone Voice Traffic 14-2
Cisco IP Phone Data Traffic 14-2
Configuring Voice VLAN 14-3
Default Voice VLAN Configuration 14-3
Voice VLAN Configuration Guidelines 14-3
Configuring a Port Connected to a Cisco 7960 IP Phone 14-4
Configuring Cisco IP Phone Voice Traffic 14-5
Configuring the Priority of Incoming Data Frames 14-6
Displaying Voice VLAN 14-7
C H A P T E R 15 Configuring STP 15-1
Understanding Spanning-Tree Features 15-1
STP Overview 15-2
Spanning-Tree Topology and BPDUs 15-3
Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID 15-4
Spanning-Tree Interface States 15-4
Blocking State 15-5
Listening State 15-6
Learning State 15-6
Forwarding State 15-6
Disabled State 15-7
How a Switch or Port Becomes the Root Switch or Root Port 15-7
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity 15-8
Spanning-Tree Address Management 15-8
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity 15-8
Spanning-Tree Modes and Protocols 15-9
Supported Spanning-Tree Instances 15-9
Spanning-Tree Interoperability and Backward Compatibility 15-10
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks 15-10
Configuring Spanning-Tree Features 15-10
Default Spanning-Tree Configuration 15-11
Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines 15-12
Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode. 15-13
Disabling Spanning Tree 15-14
Configuring the Root Switch 15-14
Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 15-16
Configuring Port Priority 15-16
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Configuring Path Cost 15-18
Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN 15-19
Configuring Spanning-Tree Timers 15-20
Configuring the Hello Time 15-20
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a VLAN 15-21
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a VLAN 15-21
Configuring the Transmit Hold-Count 15-22
Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status 15-22
C H A P T E R 16 Configuring MSTP 16-1
Understanding MSTP 16-2
Multiple Spanning-Tree Regions 16-2
IST, CIST, and CST 16-2
Operations Within an MST Region 16-3
Operations Between MST Regions 16-3
IEEE 802.1s Terminology 16-5
Hop Count 16-5
Boundary Ports 16-6
IEEE 802.1s Implementation 16-6
Port Role Naming Change 16-6
Interoperation Between Legacy and Standard Switches 16-7
Detecting Unidirectional Link Failure 16-7
Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP 16-8
Understanding RSTP 16-8
Port Roles and the Active Topology 16-9
Rapid Convergence 16-9
Synchronization of Port Roles 16-11
Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing 16-12
Processing Superior BPDU Information 16-12
Processing Inferior BPDU Information 16-13
Topology Changes 16-13
Configuring MSTP Features 16-13
Default MSTP Configuration 16-14
MSTP Configuration Guidelines 16-14
Specifying the MST Region Configuration and Enabling MSTP 16-15
Configuring the Root Switch 16-17
Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 16-18
Configuring Port Priority 16-19
Configuring Path Cost 16-20
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Configuring the Switch Priority 16-21
Configuring the Hello Time 16-22
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time 16-23
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time 16-23
Configuring the Maximum-Hop Count 16-24
Specifying the Link Type to Ensure Rapid Transitions 16-24
Designating the Neighbor Type 16-25
Restarting the Protocol Migration Process 16-25
Displaying the MST Configuration and Status 16-26
C H A P T E R 17 Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features 17-1
Understanding Optional Spanning-Tree Features 17-1
Understanding Port Fast 17-2
Understanding BPDU Guard 17-2
Understanding BPDU Filtering 17-3
Understanding UplinkFast 17-3
Understanding BackboneFast 17-5
Understanding EtherChannel Guard 17-7
Understanding Root Guard 17-8
Understanding Loop Guard 17-9
Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features 17-9
Default Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration 17-9
Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines 17-10
Enabling Port Fast 17-10
Enabling BPDU Guard 17-11
Enabling BPDU Filtering 17-12
Enabling UplinkFast for Use with Redundant Links 17-13
Enabling BackboneFast 17-13
Enabling EtherChannel Guard 17-14
Enabling Root Guard 17-15
Enabling Loop Guard 17-15
Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status 17-16
C H A P T E R 18 Configuring Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update Feature 18-1
Understanding Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update 18-1
Flex Links 18-2
VLAN Flex Link Load Balancing and Support 18-2
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Flex Link Multicast Fast Convergence 18-3
Learning the Other Flex Link Port as the mrouter Port 18-3
Generating IGMP Reports 18-4
Leaking IGMP Reports 18-4
Configuration Examples 18-4
MAC Address-Table Move Update 18-6
Configuring Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update 18-7
Default Configuration 18-8
Configuration Guidelines 18-8
Configuring Flex Links 18-9
Configuring VLAN Load Balancing on Flex Links 18-11
Configuring the MAC Address-Table Move Update Feature 18-12
Monitoring Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update 18-14
C H A P T E R 19 Configuring DHCP Features and IP Source Guard 19-1
Understanding DHCP Snooping 19-1
DHCP Server 19-2
DHCP Relay Agent 19-2
DHCP Snooping 19-2
Option-82 Data Insertion 19-3
DHCP Snooping Binding Database 19-5
Configuring DHCP Snooping 19-7
Default DHCP Snooping Configuration 19-7
DHCP Snooping Configuration Guidelines 19-7
Configuring the DHCP Relay Agent 19-9
Enabling DHCP Snooping and Option 82 19-9
Enabling the Cisco IOS DHCP Server Database 19-10
Enabling the DHCP Snooping Binding Database Agent 19-11
Displaying DHCP Snooping Information 19-12
Understanding IP Source Guard 19-12
Source IP Address Filtering 19-13
Source IP and MAC Address Filtering 19-13
Configuring IP Source Guard 19-13
Default IP Source Guard Configuration 19-13
IP Source Guard Configuration Guidelines 19-14
Enabling IP Source Guard 19-14
Displaying IP Source Guard Information 19-16
Understanding DHCP Server Port-Based Address Allocation 19-16
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Configuring DHCP Server Port-Based Address Allocation 19-16
Default Port-Based Address Allocation Configuration 19-16
Port-Based Address Allocation Configuration Guidelines 19-17
Enabling DHCP Server Port-Based Address Allocation 19-17
Displaying DHCP Server Port-Based Address Allocation 19-19
C H A P T E R 20 Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection 20-1
Understanding Dynamic ARP Inspection 20-1
Interface Trust States and Network Security 20-3
Rate Limiting of ARP Packets 20-4
Relative Priority of ARP ACLs and DHCP Snooping Entries 20-4
Logging of Dropped Packets 20-4
Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection 20-5
Default Dynamic ARP Inspection Configuration 20-5
Dynamic ARP Inspection Configuration Guidelines 20-6
Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection in DHCP Environments 20-7
Configuring ARP ACLs for Non-DHCP Environments 20-8
Limiting the Rate of Incoming ARP Packets 20-10
Performing Validation Checks 20-11
Configuring the Log Buffer 20-12
Displaying Dynamic ARP Inspection Information 20-14
C H A P T E R 21 Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR 21-1
Understanding IGMP Snooping 21-1
IGMP Versions 21-2
Joining a Multicast Group 21-3
Leaving a Multicast Group 21-5
Immediate Leave 21-5
IGMP Configurable-Leave Timer 21-5
IGMP Report Suppression 21-5
Configuring IGMP Snooping 21-6
Default IGMP Snooping Configuration 21-6
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping 21-7
Setting the Snooping Method 21-8
Configuring a Multicast Router Port 21-9
Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group 21-9
Enabling IGMP Immediate Leave 21-10
Configuring the IGMP Leave Timer 21-10
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Configuring TCN-Related Commands 21-11
Controlling the Multicast Flooding Time After a TCN Event 21-11
Recovering from Flood Mode 21-12
Disabling Multicast Flooding During a TCN Event 21-12
Configuring the IGMP Snooping Querier 21-13
Disabling IGMP Report Suppression 21-14
Displaying IGMP Snooping Information 21-15
Understanding Multicast VLAN Registration 21-16
Using MVR in a Multicast Television Application 21-17
Configuring MVR 21-19
Default MVR Configuration 21-19
MVR Configuration Guidelines and Limitations 21-19
Configuring MVR Global Parameters 21-20
Configuring MVR Interfaces 21-21
Displaying MVR Information 21-23
Configuring IGMP Filtering and Throttling 21-23
Default IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration 21-24
Configuring IGMP Profiles 21-24
Applying IGMP Profiles 21-25
Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups 21-26
Configuring the IGMP Throttling Action 21-27
Displaying IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration 21-28
C H A P T E R 22 Configuring Port-Based Traffic Control 22-1
Configuring Storm Control 22-1
Understanding Storm Control 22-1
Default Storm Control Configuration 22-3
Configuring Storm Control and Threshold Levels 22-3
Configuring Small-Frame Arrival Rate 22-5
Configuring Protected Ports 22-6
Default Protected Port Configuration 22-6
Protected Port Configuration Guidelines 22-7
Configuring a Protected Port 22-7
Configuring Port Blocking 22-7
Default Port Blocking Configuration 22-7
Blocking Flooded Traffic on an Interface 22-8
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Configuring Port Security 22-8
Understanding Port Security 22-9
Secure MAC Addresses 22-9
Security Violations 22-10
Default Port Security Configuration 22-11
Port Security Configuration Guidelines 22-11
Enabling and Configuring Port Security 22-12
Enabling and Configuring Port Security Aging 22-17
Displaying Port-Based Traffic Control Settings 22-18
C H A P T E R 23 Configuring CDP 23-1
Understanding CDP 23-1
Configuring CDP 23-2
Default CDP Configuration 23-2
Configuring the CDP Characteristics 23-2
Disabling and Enabling CDP 23-3
Disabling and Enabling CDP on an Interface 23-4
Monitoring and Maintaining CDP 23-4
C H A P T E R 24 Configuring LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 24-1
Understanding LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 24-1
LLDP 24-1
LLDP-MED 24-2
Wired Location Service 24-3
Configuring LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 24-4
Default LLDP Configuration 24-4
Configuration Guidelines 24-5
Enabling LLDP 24-5
Configuring LLDP Characteristics 24-6
Configuring LLDP-MED TLVs 24-6
Configuring Network-Policy TLV 24-7
Configuring Location TLV and Wired Location Service 24-9
Monitoring and Maintaining LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service 24-10
C H A P T E R 25 Configuring UDLD 25-1
Understanding UDLD 25-1
Modes of Operation 25-1
Methods to Detect Unidirectional Links 25-2
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Configuring UDLD 25-3
Default UDLD Configuration 25-4
Configuration Guidelines 25-4
Enabling UDLD Globally 25-5
Enabling UDLD on an Interface 25-5
Resetting an Interface Disabled by UDLD 25-6
Displaying UDLD Status 25-6
C H A P T E R 26 Configuring SPAN and RSPAN 26-1
Understanding SPAN and RSPAN 26-1
Local SPAN 26-2
Remote SPAN 26-2
SPAN and RSPAN Concepts and Terminology 26-3
SPAN Sessions 26-3
Monitored Traffic 26-4
Source Ports 26-5
Source VLANs 26-6
VLAN Filtering 26-6
Destination Port 26-6
RSPAN VLAN 26-7
SPAN and RSPAN Interaction with Other Features 26-8
Configuring SPAN and RSPAN 26-9
Default SPAN and RSPAN Configuration 26-9
Configuring Local SPAN 26-9
SPAN Configuration Guidelines 26-10
Creating a Local SPAN Session 26-10
Creating a Local SPAN Session and Configuring Incoming Traffic 26-13
Specifying VLANs to Filter 26-15
Configuring RSPAN 26-16
RSPAN Configuration Guidelines 26-16
Configuring a VLAN as an RSPAN VLAN 26-17
Creating an RSPAN Source Session 26-18
Creating an RSPAN Destination Session 26-19
Creating an RSPAN Destination Session and Configuring Incoming Traffic 26-20
Specifying VLANs to Filter 26-22
Displaying SPAN and RSPAN Status 26-23
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C H A P T E R 27 Configuring RMON 27-1
Understanding RMON 27-1
Configuring RMON 27-2
Default RMON Configuration 27-3
Configuring RMON Alarms and Events 27-3
Collecting Group History Statistics on an Interface 27-5
Collecting Group Ethernet Statistics on an Interface 27-5
Displaying RMON Status 27-6
C H A P T E R 28 Configuring System Message Logging 28-1
Understanding System Message Logging 28-1
Configuring System Message Logging 28-2
System Log Message Format 28-2
Default System Message Logging Configuration 28-3
Disabling Message Logging 28-4
Setting the Message Display Destination Device 28-5
Synchronizing Log Messages 28-6
Enabling and Disabling Time Stamps on Log Messages 28-7
Enabling and Disabling Sequence Numbers in Log Messages 28-8
Defining the Message Severity Level 28-8
Limiting Syslog Messages Sent to the History Table and to SNMP 28-10
Enabling the Configuration-Change Logger 28-10
Configuring UNIX Syslog Servers 28-12
Logging Messages to a UNIX Syslog Daemon 28-12
Configuring the UNIX System Logging Facility 28-12
Displaying the Logging Configuration 28-13
C H A P T E R 29 Configuring SNMP 29-1
Understanding SNMP 29-1
SNMP Versions 29-2
SNMP Manager Functions 29-3
SNMP Agent Functions 29-3
SNMP Community Strings 29-4
Using SNMP to Access MIB Variables 29-4
SNMP Notifications 29-5
SNMP ifIndex MIB Object Values 29-5
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Configuring SNMP 29-6
Default SNMP Configuration 29-6
SNMP Configuration Guidelines 29-6
Disabling the SNMP Agent 29-7
Configuring Community Strings 29-8
Configuring SNMP Groups and Users 29-9
Configuring SNMP Notifications 29-11
Setting the CPU Threshold Notification Types and Values 29-15
Setting the Agent Contact and Location Information 29-16
Limiting TFTP Servers Used Through SNMP 29-16
SNMP Examples 29-17
Displaying SNMP Status 29-18
C H A P T E R 30 Configuring Network Security with ACLs 30-19
Understanding ACLs 30-19
Port ACLs 30-20
Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic 30-21
Configuring IPv4 ACLs 30-22
Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs 30-23
Access List Numbers 30-24
Creating a Numbered Standard ACL 30-25
Creating a Numbered Extended ACL 30-26
Resequencing ACEs in an ACL 30-30
Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs 30-30
Using Time Ranges with ACLs 30-32
Including Comments in ACLs 30-33
Applying an IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line 30-34
Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface 30-34
Hardware and Software Treatment of IP ACLs 30-35
Troubleshooting ACLs 30-35
IPv4 ACL Configuration Examples 30-36
Numbered ACLs 30-37
Extended ACLs 30-37
Named ACLs 30-37
Time Range Applied to an IP ACL 30-38
Commented IP ACL Entries 30-38
Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs 30-38
Applying a MAC ACL to a Layer 2 Interface 30-40
Displaying IPv4 ACL Configuration 30-41
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C H A P T E R 31 Configuring Cisco IOS IP SLAs Operations 31-1
Understanding Cisco IOS IP SLAs 31-1
Using Cisco IOS IP SLAs to Measure Network Performance 31-3
IP SLAs Responder and IP SLAs Control Protocol 31-4
Response Time Computation for IP SLAs 31-4
Configuring IP SLAs Operations 31-5
Default Configuration 31-5
Configuration Guidelines 31-5
Configuring the IP SLAs Responder 31-6
Monitoring IP SLAs Operations 31-6
C H A P T E R 32 Configuring QoS 32-1
Understanding QoS 32-2
Basic QoS Model 32-3
Classification 32-5
Classification Based on QoS ACLs 32-7
Classification Based on Class Maps and Policy Maps 32-7
Policing and Marking 32-8
Policing on Physical Ports 32-9
Mapping Tables 32-10
Queueing and Scheduling Overview 32-11
Weighted Tail Drop 32-12
SRR Shaping and Sharing 32-12
Queueing and Scheduling on Ingress Queues 32-13
Queueing and Scheduling on Egress Queues 32-15
Packet Modification 32-18
Configuring Auto-QoS 32-19
Generated Auto-QoS Configuration 32-19
Effects of Auto-QoS on the Configuration 32-24
Auto-QoS Configuration Guidelines 32-24
Enabling Auto-QoS for VoIP 32-25
Auto-QoS Configuration Example 32-27
Displaying Auto-QoS Information 32-28
Configuring Standard QoS 32-29
Default Standard QoS Configuration 32-29
Default Ingress Queue Configuration 32-30
Default Egress Queue Configuration 32-30
Default Mapping Table Configuration 32-31
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Standard QoS Configuration Guidelines 32-32
QoS ACL Guidelines 32-32
Policing Guidelines 32-32
General QoS Guidelines 32-33
A switchEnabling QoS Globally 32-33
Configuring Classification Using Port Trust States 32-33
Configuring the Trust State on Ports within the QoS Domain 32-34
Configuring the CoS Value for an Interface 32-35
Configuring a Trusted Boundary to Ensure Port Security 32-36
Enabling DSCP Transparency Mode 32-37
Configuring the DSCP Trust State on a Port Bordering Another QoS Domain 32-38
Configuring a QoS Policy 32-40
Classifying Traffic by Using ACLs 32-41
Classifying Traffic by Using Class Maps 32-44
Classifying, Policing, and Marking Traffic on Physical Ports by Using Policy Maps 32-46
Classifying, Policing, and Marking Traffic by Using Aggregate Policers 32-49
Configuring DSCP Maps 32-51
Configuring the CoS-to-DSCP Map 32-52
Configuring the IP-Precedence-to-DSCP Map 32-53
Configuring the Policed-DSCP Map 32-54
Configuring the DSCP-to-CoS Map 32-55
Configuring the DSCP-to-DSCP-Mutation Map 32-56
Configuring Ingress Queue Characteristics 32-57
Mapping DSCP or CoS Values to an Ingress Queue and Setting WTD Thresholds 32-58
Allocating Buffer Space Between the Ingress Queues 32-59
Allocating Bandwidth Between the Ingress Queues 32-60
Configuring the Ingress Priority Queue 32-61
Configuring Egress Queue Characteristics 32-62
Configuration Guidelines 32-62
Allocating Buffer Space to and Setting WTD Thresholds for an Egress Queue-Set 32-62
Mapping DSCP or CoS Values to an Egress Queue and to a Threshold ID 32-65
Configuring SRR Shaped Weights on Egress Queues 32-66
Configuring SRR Shared Weights on Egress Queues 32-67
Configuring the Egress Expedite Queue 32-68
Limiting the Bandwidth on an Egress Interface 32-68
Displaying Standard QoS Information 32-69
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C H A P T E R 33 Configuring IPv6 Host Functions 33-1
Understanding IPv6 33-1
IPv6 Addresses 33-2
Supported IPv6 Host Features 33-2
128-Bit Wide Unicast Addresses 33-3
DNS for IPv6 33-3
ICMPv6 33-3
Neighbor Discovery 33-3
Default Router Preference 33-4
IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration and Duplicate Address Detection 33-4
IPv6 Applications 33-4
Dual IPv4 and IPv6 Protocol Stacks 33-5
Static Routes for IPv6 33-5
SNMP and Syslog Over IPv6 33-5
HTTP(S) Over IPv6 33-6
Configuring IPv6 33-6
Default IPv6 Configuration 33-7
Configuring IPv6 Addressing and Enabling IPv6 Host 33-7
Configuring Default Router Preference 33-9
Configuring IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting 33-9
Configuring Static Routes for IPv6 33-11
Displaying IPv6 33-12
C H A P T E R 34 Configuring IPv6 MLD Snooping 34-1
Understanding MLD Snooping 34-1
MLD Messages 34-2
MLD Queries 34-3
Multicast Client Aging Robustness 34-3
Multicast Router Discovery 34-3
MLD Reports 34-4
MLD Done Messages and Immediate-Leave 34-4
Topology Change Notification Processing 34-5
Configuring IPv6 MLD Snooping 34-5
Default MLD Snooping Configuration 34-5
MLD Snooping Configuration Guidelines 34-6
Enabling or Disabling MLD Snooping 34-6
Configuring a Static Multicast Group 34-7
Configuring a Multicast Router Port 34-8
Enabling MLD Immediate Leave 34-9
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Configuring MLD Snooping Queries 34-9
Disabling MLD Listener Message Suppression 34-10
Displaying MLD Snooping Information 34-11
C H A P T E R 35 Configuring EtherChannels and Link-State Tracking 35-1
Understanding EtherChannels 35-1
EtherChannel Overview 35-2
Port-Channel Interfaces 35-3
Port Aggregation Protocol 35-4
PAgP Modes 35-4
PAgP Interaction with Virtual Switches and Dual-Active Detection 35-5
PAgP Interaction with Other Features 35-5
Link Aggregation Control Protocol 35-5
LACP Modes 35-6
LACP Interaction with Other Features 35-6
EtherChannel On Mode 35-6
Load Balancing and Forwarding Methods 35-7
Configuring EtherChannels 35-8
Default EtherChannel Configuration 35-9
EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines 35-9
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels 35-10
Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing 35-13
Configuring the PAgP Learn Method and Priority 35-14
Configuring LACP Hot-Standby Ports 35-15
Configuring the LACP System Priority 35-16
Configuring the LACP Port Priority 35-16
Displaying EtherChannel, PAgP, and LACP Status 35-17
Understanding Link-State Tracking 35-18
Configuring Link-State Tracking 35-20
Default Link-State Tracking Configuration 35-21
Link-State Tracking Configuration Guidelines 35-21
Configuring Link-State Tracking 35-21
Displaying Link-State Tracking Status 35-22
C H A P T E R 36 Troubleshooting 36-1
Recovering from a Software Failure 36-2
Recovering from a Lost or Forgotten Password 36-3
Procedure with Password Recovery Enabled 36-4
Procedure with Password Recovery Disabled 36-6
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Recovering from a Command Switch Failure 36-7
Replacing a Failed Command Switch with a Cluster Member 36-8
Replacing a Failed Command Switch with Another Switch 36-9
Recovering from Lost Cluster Member Connectivity 36-11
Preventing Autonegotiation Mismatches 36-11
Troubleshooting Power over Ethernet Switch Ports 36-11
Disabled Port Caused by Power Loss 36-11
Disabled Port Caused by False Link Up 36-12
SFP Module Security and Identification 36-12
Monitoring SFP Module Status 36-13
Using Ping 36-13
Understanding Ping 36-13
Executing Ping 36-13
Using Layer 2 Traceroute 36-14
Understanding Layer 2 Traceroute 36-14
Usage Guidelines 36-15
Displaying the Physical Path 36-16
Using IP Traceroute 36-16
Understanding IP Traceroute 36-16
Executing IP Traceroute 36-17
Using TDR 36-18
Understanding TDR 36-18
Running TDR and Displaying the Results 36-18
Using Debug Commands 36-18
Enabling Debugging on a Specific Feature 36-19
Enabling All-System Diagnostics 36-19
Redirecting Debug and Error Message Output 36-20
Using the show platform forward Command 36-20
Using the crashinfo Files 36-22
Basic crashinfo Files 36-22
Extended crashinfo Files 36-22
Troubleshooting Tables 36-22
Troubleshooting CPU Utilization 36-23
Possible Symptoms of High CPU Utilization 36-23
Verifying the Problem and Cause 36-23
Troubleshooting Power over Ethernet (PoE) 36-24
Troubleshooting Stackwise 36-27
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A P P E N D I X A Supported MIBs A-1
MIB List A-1
Using FTP to Access the MIB Files A-3
A P P E N D I X B Working with the Cisco IOS File System, Configuration Files, and Software Images B-1
Working with the Flash File System B-1
Displaying Available File Systems B-2
Setting the Default File System B-3
Displaying Information about Files on a File System B-3
Changing Directories and Displaying the Working Directory B-4
Creating and Removing Directories B-4
Copying Files B-5
Deleting Files B-5
Creating, Displaying, and Extracting tar Files B-6
Creating a tar File B-6
Displaying the Contents of a tar File B-7
Extracting a tar File B-7
Displaying the Contents of a File B-8
Working with Configuration Files B-8
Guidelines for Creating and Using Configuration Files B-9
Configuration File Types and Location n B-10
Creating a Configuration File By Using a Text Editor B-10
Copying Configuration Files By Using TFTP B-10
Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File B y Using TFTP B-10
Downloading the Configuration File By Using TFTP B-11
Uploading the Configuration File By Using TFTP B-12
Copying Configuration Files By Using FTP B-12
Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using FTP B-13
Downloading a Configuration File By Using FTP B-13
Uploading a Configuration File By Using FTP B-14
Copying Configuration Files By Using RCP B-15
Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using RCP B-16
Downloading a Configuration File By Using RCP B-17
Uploading a Configuration File By Using RCP B-18
Clearing Configuration Information B-18
Clearing the Startup Configuration File B-19
Deleting a Stored Configuration File B-19
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Replacing and Rolling Back Configurations B-19
Understanding Configuration Replacement and Rollback B-19
Configuration Guidelines B-21
Configuring the Configuration Archive B-21
Performing a Configuration Replacement or Rollback Operation B-22
Working with Software Images B-23
Image Location on the Switch B-24
tar File Format of Images on a Server or Cisco.com B-24
Copying Image Files By Using TFTP B-25
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using TFTP B-25
Downloading an Image File By Using TFTP B-26
Uploading an Image File By Using TFTP B-28
Copying Image Files By Using FTP B-28
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using FTP B-29
Downloading an Image File By Using FTP B-30
Uploading an Image File By Using FTP B-31
Copying Image Files By Using RCP B-32
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using RCP B-33
Downloading an Image File By Using RCP B-34
Uploading an Image File By Using RCP B-36
A P P E N D I X C Recommendations for Upgrading a Catalyst 2950 Switch to a Catalyst 2960 Switch C-1
Configuration Compatibility Issues C-1
Feature Behavior Incompatibilities C-5
A P P E N D I X D Unsupported Commands in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(50)SE D-1
Access Control Lists D-1
Unsupported Privileged EXEC Commands D-1
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands D-2
Unsupported Route-Map Configuration Commands D-2
Boot Loader Commands D-2
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands D-2
Debug Commands D-2
Unsupported Privileged EXEC Commands D-2
|IGMP Snooping Commands D-2
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands D-2
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Interface Commands D-3
Unsupported Privileged EXEC Commands D-3
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands D-3
Unsupported Interface Configuration Commands D-3
MAC Address Commands D-3
Unsupported Privileged EXEC Commands D-3
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands D-3
Miscellaneous D-4
Unsupported User EXEC Commands D-4
Unsupported Privileged EXEC Commands D-4
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands D-4
Network Address Translation (NAT) Commands D-4
Unsupported Privileged EXEC Commands D-4
QoS D-4
Unsupported Global Configuration Command D-4
Unsupported Interface Configuration Commands D-5
Unsupported Policy-Map Configuration Command D-5
RADIUS D-5
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands D-5
SNMP D-5
Unsupported Global Configuration Commands D-5
SNMPv3 D-5
Unsupported 3DES Encryption Commands D-5
Spanning Tree D-6
Unsupported Global Configuration Command D-6
Unsupported Interface Configuration Command D-6
VLAN D-6
Unsupported Global Configuration Command D-6
Unsupported vlan-config Command D-6
Unsupported User EXEC Commands D-6
VTP D-6
Unsupported Privileged EXEC Commands D-6
I N D E X
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Audience
This guide is for the networking professional managing the Catalyst 2960 switch, hereafter referred to
as the switch. Before using this guide, you should have experience working with the Cisco IOS software
and be familiar with the concepts and terminology of Ethernet and local area networking.
Purpose
This guide provides the information that you need to configure Cisco IOS software features on your
switch. The Catalyst 2960 software provides enterprise-class intelligent services such as access control
lists (ACLs) and quality of service (QoS) features.
This guide provides procedures for using the commands that have been created or changed for use with
the switch. It does not provide detailed information about these commands. For detailed information
about these commands, see the Catalyst 2960 Switch Command Reference for this release. For
information about the standard Cisco IOS Release 12.2 commands, see the Cisco IOS documentation set
available from the Cisco.com home page at Documentation > Cisco IOS Software.
This guide does not provide detailed information on the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for the
embedded device manager or for Cisco Network Assistant (hereafter referred to as Network Assistant)
that you can use to manage the switch. However, the concepts in this guide are applicable to the GUI
user. For information about the device manager, see the switch online help. For information about
Network Assistant, see Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant, available on Cisco.com.
This guide does not describe system messages you might encounter or how to install your switch. For
more information, see the Catalyst 2960 Switch System Message Guide for this release and the
Catalyst 2960 Switch Hardware Installation Guide.
For documentation updates, see the release notes for this release.
Conventions
This publication uses these conventions to convey instructions and information:
Command descriptions use these conventions:
• Commands and keywords are in boldface text.
• Arguments for which you supply values are in italic.
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• Square brackets ([ ]) mean optional elements.
• Braces ({ }) group required choices, and vertical bars ( | ) separate the alternative elements.
• Braces and vertical bars within square brackets ([{ | }]) mean a required choice within an optional
element.
Interactive examples use these conventions:
• Terminal sessions and system displays are in screen font.
• Information you enter is in boldface screen font.
• Nonprinting characters, such as passwords or tabs, are in angle brackets (< >).
Notes, cautions, and timesavers use these conventions and symbols:
Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to materials not contained in
this manual.
Caution Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result in equipment
damage or loss of data.
Related Publications
These documents provide complete information about the switch and are available from this Cisco.com
site:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6406/tsd_products_support_series_home.html
Note Before installing, configuring, or upgrading the switch, see these documents:
• For initial configuration information, see the “Using Express Setup” section in the getting started
guide or the “Configuring the Switch with the CLI-Based Setup Program” appendix in the hardware
installation guide.
• For device manager requirements, see the “System Requirements” section in the release notes (not
orderable but available on Cisco.com).
• For Network Assistant requirements, see the Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant (not
orderable but available on Cisco.com).
• For cluster requirements, see the Release Notes for Cisco Network Assistant (not orderable but
available on Cisco.com).
• For upgrading information, see the “Downloading Software” section in the release notes.
See these documents for other information about the switch:
• Release Notes for the Catalyst 3750, 3560, 2970, and 2960 Switches
• Catalyst 3750, 3560, 3550, 2975, 2975, 2970, and 2960 Switch System Message Guide
• Catalyst 2960 Switch Software Configuration Guide
• Catalyst 2960 Switch Command Reference
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• Device manager online help (available on the switch)
• Catalyst 2960 Switch Hardware Installation Guide
• Catalyst 2960 Switch Getting Started Guide
• Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information for the Catalyst 2960 Switch
• Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant
• Release Notes for Cisco Network Assistant
• Cisco Small Form-Factor Pluggable Modules Installation Notes
• Cisco RPS 300 Redundant Power System Hardware Installation Guide
• Cisco RPS 675 Redundant Power System Hardware Installation Guide
• Cisco Redundant Power System 2300 Hardware Installation Guide
• For more information about the Network Admission Control (NAC) features, see the Network
Admission Control Software Configuration Guide
• These compatibility matrix documents are available from this Cisco.com site:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps5455/products_device_support_tables_list.html
– Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Modules Compatibility Matrix
– Cisco 100-Megabit Ethernet SFP Modules Compatibility Matrix
– Cisco Small Form-Factor Pluggable Modules Compatibility Matrix
– Compatibility Matrix for 1000BASE-T Small Form-Factor Pluggable Modules
Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security
Guidelines
For information on obtaining documentation, submitting a service request, and gathering additional
information, see the monthly What’s New in Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and
revised Cisco technical documentation, at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html
Subscribe to the What’s New in Cisco Product Documentation as a Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feed
and set content to be delivered directly to your desktop using a reader application. The RSS feeds are a free
service and Cisco currently supports RSS version 2.0.
37. C H A P T E R
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1
Overview
This chapter provides these topics about the Catalyst 2960 switch software:
• Features, page 1-1
• Default Settings After Initial Switch Configuration, page 1-13
• Network Configuration Examples, page 1-16
• Where to Go Next, page 1-21
In this document, IP refers to IP Version 4 (IPv4) unless there is a specific reference to IP Version 6
(IPv6).
Features
Some features described in this chapter are available only on the cryptographic (supports encryption)
version of the software. You must obtain authorization to use this feature and to download the
cryptographic version of the software from Cisco.com. For more information, see the release notes for
this release.
• Ease-of-Deployment and Ease-of-Use Features, page 1-2
• Performance Features, page 1-3
• Management Options, page 1-4
• Manageability Features, page 1-5 (includes a feature requiring the cryptographic version of the
software)
• Availability and Redundancy Features, page 1-6
• VLAN Features, page 1-7
• Security Features, page 1-8 (includes a feature requiring the cryptographic version of the software)
• QoS and CoS Features, page 1-11
• Monitoring Features, page 1-13
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Features
Ease-of-Deployment and Ease-of-Use Features
• Express Setup for quickly configuring a switch for the first time with basic IP information, contact
information, switch and Telnet passwords, and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
information through a browser-based program. For more information about Express Setup, see the
getting started guide.
• User-defined and Cisco-default Smartports macros for creating custom switch configurations for
simplified deployment across the network.
• An embedded device manager GUI for configuring and monitoring a single switch through a web
browser. For information about launching the device manager, see the getting started guide. For more
information about the device manager, see the switch online help.
• Cisco Network Assistant (hereafter referred to as Network Assistant) for
– Managing communities, which are device groups like clusters, except that they can contain
routers and access points and can be made more secure.
– Simplifying and minimizing switch and switch cluster management from anywhere in your
intranet.
– Accomplishing multiple configuration tasks from a single graphical interface without needing
to remember command-line interface (CLI) commands to accomplish specific tasks.
– Interactive guide mode that guides you in configuring complex features such as VLANs, ACLs,
and quality of service (QoS).
Note If the switch is running the LAN Lite image, you can configure ACLs, but you cannot attach
them to interfaces or VLANs.
– Configuration wizards that prompt you to provide only the minimum required information to
configure complex features such as QoS priorities for traffic, priority levels for data
applications, and security.
– Downloading an image to a switch.
– Applying actions to multiple ports and multiple switches at the same time, such as VLAN and
QoS settings, inventory and statistic reports, link- and switch-level monitoring and
troubleshooting, and multiple switch software upgrades.
– Viewing a topology of interconnected devices to identify existing switch clusters and eligible
switches that can join a cluster and to identify link information between switches.
– Monitoring real-time status of a switch or multiple switches from the LEDs on the front-panel
images. The system, redundant power system (RPS), and port LED colors on the images are
similar to those used on the physical LEDs.
Note To use the RPS, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
Note The Network Assistant must be downloaded from cisco.com/go/cna.
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Features
• Switch clustering technology for
– Unified configuration, monitoring, authentication, and software upgrade of multiple,
cluster-capable switches, regardless of their geographic proximity and interconnection media,
including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Fast EtherChannel, small form-factor pluggable (SFP)
modules, Gigabit Ethernet, and Gigabit EtherChannel connections. For a list of cluster-capable
switches, see the release notes.
– Automatic discovery of candidate switches and creation of clusters of up to 16 switches that can
be managed through a single IP address.
– Extended discovery of cluster candidates that are not directly connected to the command switch.
• Auto Smartports Cisco-default and user-defined macros for dynamic port configuration based on the
device type detected on the port.
Performance Features
• Cisco EnergyWise manages the energy usage of power over Ethernet (PoE) entities.
• Autosensing of port speed and autonegotiation of duplex mode on all switch ports for optimizing
bandwidth
• Automatic-medium-dependent interface crossover (auto-MDIX) capability on 10/100 and
10/100/1000 Mb/s interfaces and on 10/100/1000 BASE-TX SFP module interfaces that enables the
interface to automatically detect the required cable connection type (straight-through or crossover)
and to configure the connection appropriately
• Support for up to 9000 bytes for frames that are bridged in hardware, and up to 2000 bytes for frames
that are bridged by software
• IEEE 802.3x flow control on all ports (the switch does not send pause frames)
• EtherChannel for enhanced fault tolerance and for providing up to 8 Gb/s (Gigabit EtherChannel)
or 800 Mb/s (Fast EtherChannel) full-duplex bandwidth among switches, routers, and servers
• Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) and Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) for automatic
creation of EtherChannel links
• Forwarding of Layer 2 packets at Gigabit line rate
• Per-port storm control for preventing broadcast, multicast, and unicast storms
• Port blocking on forwarding unknown Layer 2 unknown unicast, multicast, and bridged broadcast
traffic
• Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping for IGMP Versions 1, 2, and 3 for
efficiently forwarding multimedia and multicast traffic
• IGMP report suppression for sending only one IGMP report per multicast router query to the
multicast devices (supported only for IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 queries)
• IGMP snooping querier support to configure switch to generate periodic IGMP general query
messages
• IPv6 host support for basic IPv6 management
• Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) snooping to enable efficient distribution of IP version 6 (IPv6)
multicast data to clients and routers in a switched network
Note To use IPv6 features, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
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Features
• Multicast VLAN registration (MVR) to continuously send multicast streams in a multicast VLAN
while isolating the streams from subscriber VLANs for bandwidth and security reasons
Note To use MVR, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• IGMP filtering for controlling the set of multicast groups to which hosts on a switch port can belong
• IGMP throttling for configuring the action when the maximum number of entries is in the IGMP
forwarding table
• IGMP leave timer for configuring the leave latency for the network
• Switch Database Management (SDM) templates for allocating system resources to maximize
support for user-selected features
• Support for Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements (SLAs) responder that allows the system to
anticipate and respond to Cisco IOS IP SLAs request packets for monitoring network performance.
See the release notes for responder configuration.
• Configurable small-frame arrival threshold to prevent storm control when small frames (64 bytes or
less) arrive on an interface at a specified rate (the threshold)
• Flex Link Multicast Fast Convergence to reduce the multicast traffic convergence time after a Flex
Link failure
Note To use Flex Link Multicast Fast Convergence, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• RADIUS server load balancing to allow access and authentication requests to be distributed evenly
across a server group.
Management Options
• An embedded device manager—The device manager is a GUI that is integrated in the software
image. You use it to configure and to monitor a single switch. For information about launching the
device manager, see the getting started guide. For more information about the device manager, see the
switch online help.
• Network Assistant—Network Assistant is a network management application that can be
downloaded from Cisco.com. You use it to manage a single switch, a cluster of switches, or a
community of devices. For more information about Network Assistant, see Getting Started with
Cisco Network Assistant, available on Cisco.com.
• CLI—The Cisco IOS software supports desktop- and multilayer-switching features. You can access
the CLI either by connecting your management station directly to the switch console port or by using
Telnet from a remote management station. For more information about the CLI, see Chapter 2,
“Using the Command-Line Interface.”
• SNMP—SNMP management applications such as CiscoWorks2000 LAN Management Suite (LMS)
and HP OpenView. You can manage from an SNMP-compatible management station that is running
platforms such as HP OpenView or SunNet Manager. The switch supports a comprehensive set of
MIB extensions and four remote monitoring (RMON) groups. For more information about using
SNMP, see Chapter 29, “Configuring SNMP.”
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Features
• Cisco IOS Configuration Engine (previously known to as the Cisco IOS CNS
agent)-—Configuration service automates the deployment and management of network devices and
services. You can automate initial configurations and configuration updates by generating
switch-specific configuration changes, sending them to the switch, executing the configuration
change, and logging the results.
For more information about CNS, see Chapter 5, “Configuring Cisco IOS Configuration Engine.”
Manageability Features
• CNS embedded agents for automating switch management, configuration storage, and delivery
• DHCP for automating configuration of switch information (such as IP address, default gateway,
hostname, and Domain Name System [DNS] and TFTP server names)
• DHCP relay for forwarding User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts, including IP address
requests, from DHCP clients
• DHCP server for automatic assignment of IP addresses and other DHCP options to IP hosts
• DHCP-based autoconfiguration and image update to download a specified configuration a new
image to a large number of switches
• DHCP server port-based address allocation for the preassignment of an IP address to a switch port
• Directed unicast requests to a DNS server for identifying a switch through its IP address and its
corresponding hostname and to a TFTP server for administering software upgrades from a TFTP
server
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for identifying a switch through its IP address and its
corresponding MAC address
• Unicast MAC address filtering to drop packets with specific source or destination MAC addresses
• Configurable MAC address scaling that allows disabling MAC address learning on a VLAN to limit
the size of the MAC address table
• Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) Versions 1 and 2 for network topology discovery and mapping
between the switch and other Cisco devices on the network
• Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) and LLDP Media Endpoint Discovery (LLDP-MED) for
interoperability with third-party IP phones
• LLDP media extensions (LLDP-MED) location TLV that provides location information from the
switch to the endpoint device
Note To use LLDP-MED, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Network Time Protocol (NTP) for providing a consistent time stamp to all switches from an external
source
• Cisco IOS File System (IFS) for providing a single interface to all file systems that the switch uses
• Support for the SSM PIM protocol to optimize multicast applications, such as video
• Source Specific Multicast (SSM) mapping for multicast applications provides a mapping of source
to group, allowing listeners to connect to multicast sources dynamically and reduces dependencies
on the application
• Support for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) IPv6 to utilize IPv6 transport,
communicate with IPv6 peers, and advertise IPv6 routes
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Features
• Support for these IP services, making them VRF aware so that they can operate on multiple routing
instances: HSRP, GLBP, uRPF, ARP, SNMP, IP SLA, TFTP, FTP, syslog, traceroute, and ping
• Configuration logging to log and to view changes to the switch configuration
• Unique device identifier to provide product identification information through a show inventory
user EXEC command display
• In-band management access through the device manager over a Netscape Navigator or Microsoft
Internet Explorer browser session
• In-band management access for up to 16 simultaneous Telnet connections for multiple CLI-based
sessions over the network
• In-band management access for up to five simultaneous, encrypted Secure Shell (SSH) connections
for multiple CLI-based sessions over the network (requires the cryptographic version of the
software)
• In-band management access through SNMP Versions 1, 2c, and 3 get and set requests
• Out-of-band management access through the switch console port to a directly attached terminal or
to a remote terminal through a serial connection or a modem
• Secure Copy Protocol (SCP) feature to provide a secure and authenticated method for copying
switch configuration or switch image files (requires the cryptographic version of the software)
• Configuration replacement and rollback to replace the running configuration on a switch with any
saved Cisco IOS configuration file
• The HTTP client in Cisco IOS supports can send requests to both IPv4 and IPv6 HTTP server, and
the HTTP server in Cisco IOS can service HTTP requests from both IPv4 and IPv6 HTTP clients
• Simple Network and Management Protocol (SNMP) can be configured over IPv6 transport so that
an IPv6 host can send SNMP queries and receive SNMP notifications from a device running IPv6
• IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration to manage link, subnet, and site addressing changes, such as
management of host and mobile IP addresses
• Disabling MAC address learning on a VLAN
• DHCP server port-based address allocation for the preassignment of an IP address to a switch port.
• Wired location service sends location and attachment tracking information for connected devices to
a Cisco Mobility Services Engine (MSE).
• CPU utilization threshold trap monitors CPU utilization.
• LLDP-MED network-policy profile time, length, value (TLV) for creating a profile for voice and
voice-signalling by specifying the values for VLAN, class of service (CoS), differentiated services
code point (DSCP), and tagging mode
Availability and Redundancy Features
• UniDirectional Link Detection (UDLD) and aggressive UDLD for detecting and disabling
unidirectional links on fiber-optic interfaces caused by incorrect fiber-optic wiring or port faults
• IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) for redundant backbone connections and loop-free
networks. STP has these features:
– Up to 128 spanning-tree instances supported
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Features
Note Up to 64 spanning-tree instances are supported when the switch is running the LAN Lite
image.
– Per-VLAN spanning-tree plus (PVST+) for load balancing across VLANs
• Rapid PVST+ for load balancing across VLANs and providing rapid convergence of spanning-tree
instances
– UplinkFast and BackboneFast for fast convergence after a spanning-tree topology change and
for achieving load balancing between redundant uplinks, including Gigabit uplinks
• IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) for grouping VLANs into a spanning-tree
instance and for providing multiple forwarding paths for data traffic and load balancing and rapid
per-VLAN Spanning-Tree plus (rapid-PVST+) based on the IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol (RSTP) for rapid convergence of the spanning tree by immediately changing root and
designated ports to the forwarding state
• Optional spanning-tree features available in PVST+, rapid-PVST+, and MSTP mode:
– Port Fast for eliminating the forwarding delay by enabling a port to immediately change from
the blocking state to the forwarding state
– BPDU guard for shutting down Port Fast-enabled ports that receive bridge protocol data units
(BPDUs)
– BPDU filtering for preventing a Port Fast-enabled port from sending or receiving BPDUs
– Root guard for preventing switches outside the network core from becoming the spanning-tree
root
– Loop guard for preventing alternate or root ports from becoming designated ports because of a
failure that leads to a unidirectional link
• Flex Link Layer 2 interfaces to back up one another as an alternative to STP for basic link
redundancy
Note To use Flex Links, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Link-state tracking to mirror the state of the ports that carry upstream traffic from connected hosts
and servers, and to allow the failover of the server traffic to an operational link on another Cisco
Ethernet switch.
Note To use Link-state Tracking, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
VLAN Features
• Support for up to 255 VLANs for assigning users to VLANs associated with appropriate network
resources, traffic patterns, and bandwidth
Note Up to 64 VLANs are supported when the switch is running the LAN Lite image.
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Features
• Support for VLAN IDs in the 1 to 4094 range as allowed by the IEEE 802.1Q standard
• VLAN Query Protocol (VQP) for dynamic VLAN membership
• IEEE 802.1Q trunking encapsulation on all ports for network moves, adds, and changes;
management and control of broadcast and multicast traffic; and network security by establishing
VLAN groups for high-security users and network resources
• Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) for negotiating trunking on a link between two devices and for
negotiating the type of trunking encapsulation (IEEE 802.1Q) to be used
• VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) and VTP pruning for reducing network traffic by restricting
flooded traffic to links destined for stations receiving the traffic
• Voice VLAN for creating subnets for voice traffic from Cisco IP Phones
• VLAN 1 minimization for reducing the risk of spanning-tree loops or storms by allowing VLAN 1
to be disabled on any individual VLAN trunk link. With this feature enabled, no user traffic is sent
or received on the trunk. The switch CPU continues to send and receive control protocol frames.
• VLAN Flex Link Load Balancing to provide Layer 2 redundancy without requiring Spanning Tree
Protocol (STP). A pair of interfaces configured as primary and backup links can load balance traffic
based on VLAN.
Note To use VLAN Flex Link Load Balancing, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Support for 802.1x authentication with restricted VLANs (also known as authentication failed
VLANs) in all switch images.
Security Features
• IP Service Level Agreements (IP SLAs) responder support that allows the switch to be a target
device for IP SLAs active traffic monitoring
Note To use IP SLAs, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Web authentication to allow a supplicant (client) that does not support IEEE 802.1x functionality to
be authenticated using a web browser
Note To use Web Authentication, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Local web authentication banner so that a custom banner or an image file can be displayed at a web
authentication login screen
• IEEE 802.1x Authentication with ACLs and the RADIUS Filter-Id Attribute
Note To use this feature, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Password-protected access (read-only and read-write access) to management interfaces (device
manager, Network Assistant, and the CLI) for protection against unauthorized configuration
changes
• Multilevel security for a choice of security level, notification, and resulting actions
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Features
• Static MAC addressing for ensuring security
• Protected port option for restricting the forwarding of traffic to designated ports on the same switch
• Port security option for limiting and identifying MAC addresses of the stations allowed to access
the port
• VLAN aware port security option to shut down the VLAN on the port when a violation occurs,
instead of shutting down the entire port.
• Port security aging to set the aging time for secure addresses on a port
• BPDU guard for shutting down a Port Fast-configured port when an invalid configuration occurs
• Standard and extended IP access control lists (ACLs) for defining inbound security policies on
Layer 2 interfaces (port ACLs)
• Extended MAC access control lists for defining security policies in the inbound direction on Layer 2
interfaces
• Source and destination MAC-based ACLs for filtering non-IP traffic
• DHCP snooping to filter untrusted DHCP messages between untrusted hosts and DHCP servers
• IP source guard to restrict traffic on nonrouted interfaces by filtering traffic based on the DHCP
snooping database and IP source bindings
• Dynamic ARP inspection to prevent malicious attacks on the switch by not relaying invalid ARP
requests and responses to other ports in the same VLAN
• IEEE 802.1x port-based authentication to prevent unauthorized devices (clients) from gaining
access to the network. These features are supported:
– Multidomain authentication (MDA) to allow both a data device and a voice device, such as an
IP phone (Cisco or non-Cisco), to independently authenticate on the same IEEE 802.1x-enabled
switch port
Note To use MDA, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
– Dynamic voice virtual LAN (VLAN) for MDA to allow a dynamic voice VLAN on an
MDA-enabled port
– VLAN assignment for restricting 802.1x-authenticated users to a specified VLAN
– Port security for controlling access to 802.1x ports
– Voice VLAN to permit a Cisco IP Phone to access the voice VLAN regardless of the authorized
or unauthorized state of the port
– IP phone detection enhancement to detect and recognize a Cisco IP phone.
– Guest VLAN to provide limited services to non-802.1x-compliant users
– Restricted VLAN to provide limited services to users who are 802.1x compliant, but do not have
the credentials to authenticate via the standard 802.1x processes
Note To use authentication with restricted VLANs, the switch must be running the LAN Base
image.
– 802.1x accounting to track network usage
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Features
– 802.1x with wake-on-LAN to allow dormant PCs to be powered on based on the receipt of a
specific Ethernet frame
Note To use authentication with wake-on-LAN, the switch must be running the LAN Base image
– 802.1x readiness check to determine the readiness of connected end hosts before configuring
IEEE 802.1x on the switch
Note To use 802.1x readiness check, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
– Voice aware 802.1x security to apply traffic violation actions only on the VLAN on which a
security violation occurs.
Note To use voice aware 802.1x authentication, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
– MAC authentication bypass to authorize clients based on the client MAC address.
Note To use MAC authentication bypass, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
– Network Admission Control (NAC) Layer 2 802.1x validation of the antivirus condition or
posture of endpoint systems or clients before granting the devices network access.
For information about configuring NAC Layer 2 802.1x validation, see the “Configuring NAC
Layer 2 802.1x Validation” section on page 9-55.
Note To use NAC, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
– Network Edge Access Topology (NEAT) with 802.1X switch supplicant, host authorization
with CISP, and auto enablement to authenticate a switch outside a wiring closet as a supplicant
to another switch.
– IEEE 802.1x with open access to allow a host to access the network before being authenticated.
– IEEE 802.1x authentication with downloadable ACLs and redirect URLs to allow per-user ACL
downloads from a Cisco Secure ACS server to an authenticated switch.
– Flexible-authentication sequencing to configure the order of the authentication methods that a
port tries when authenticating a new host.
– Multiple-user authentication to allow more than one host to authenticate on an 802.1x-enabled
port.
• TACACS+, a proprietary feature for managing network security through a TACACS server
• RADIUS for verifying the identity of, granting access to, and tracking the actions of remote users
through authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services
• Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Version 3.0 support for the HTTP 1.1 server authentication, encryption,
and message integrity and HTTP client authentication to allow secure HTTP communications
(requires the cryptographic version of the software)
• IEEE 802.1x Authentication with ACLs and the RADIUS Filter-Id Attribute
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Features
QoS and CoS Features
• Automatic QoS (auto-QoS) to simplify the deployment of existing QoS features by classifying
traffic and configuring egress queues
Note To use auto-QoS, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Classification
– IP type-of-service/Differentiated Services Code Point (IP ToS/DSCP) and IEEE 802.1p CoS
marking priorities on a per-port basis for protecting the performance of mission-critical
applications
Note To use DSCP, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
– IP ToS/DSCP and IEEE 802.1p CoS marking based on flow-based packet classification
(classification based on information in the MAC, IP, and TCP/UDP headers) for
high-performance quality of service at the network edge, allowing for differentiated service
levels for different types of network traffic and for prioritizing mission-critical traffic in the
network
Note To use flow-based packet classification, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
– Trusted port states (CoS, DSCP, and IP precedence) within a QoS domain and with a port
bordering another QoS domain
– Trusted boundary for detecting the presence of a Cisco IP Phone, trusting the CoS value
received, and ensuring port security
• Policing
Note To use policy maps, the switch must be running the LAN Base image
– Traffic-policing policies on the switch port for managing how much of the port bandwidth
should be allocated to a specific traffic flow
– If you configure multiple class maps for a hierarchical policy map, each class map can be
associated with its own port-level (second-level) policy map. Each second-level policy map can
have a different policer.
– Aggregate policing for policing traffic flows in aggregate to restrict specific applications or
traffic flows to metered, predefined rates
• Out-of-Profile
– Out-of-profile markdown for packets that exceed bandwidth utilization limits
• Ingress queueing and scheduling
– Two configurable ingress queues for user traffic (one queue can be the priority queue)
– Weighted tail drop (WTD) as the congestion-avoidance mechanism for managing the queue
lengths and providing drop precedences for different traffic classifications
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Features
Note To use WTD, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
– Shaped round robin (SRR) as the scheduling service for specifying the rate at which packets are
sent to the internal ring (sharing is the only supported mode on ingress queues)
Note To use ingress queueing, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Egress queues and scheduling
– Four egress queues per port
– WTD as the congestion-avoidance mechanism for managing the queue lengths and providing
drop precedences for different traffic classifications
– SRR as the scheduling service for specifying the rate at which packets are dequeued to the
egress interface (shaping or sharing is supported on egress queues). Shaped egress queues are
guaranteed but limited to using a share of port bandwidth. Shared egress queues are also
guaranteed a configured share of bandwidth, but can use more than the guarantee if other queues
become empty and do not use their share of the bandwidth.
Note To use egress queueing, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
Layer 3 Features
• IPv6 default router preference (DRP) for improving the ability of a host to select an appropriate
router (requires the LAN Base image)
Power over Ethernet Features
• Ability to provide power to connected Cisco pre-standard and IEEE 802.3af-compliant powered
devices from Power over Ethernet (PoE)-capable ports if the switch detects that there is no power
on the circuit.
• Support for CDP with power consumption. The powered device notifies the switch of the amount of
power it is consuming.
• Support for Cisco intelligent power management. The powered device and the switch negotiate
through power-negotiation CDP messages for an agreed power-consumption level. The negotiation
allows a high-power Cisco powered device to operate at its highest power mode.
• Automatic detection and power budgeting; the switch maintains a power budget, monitors and tracks
requests for power, and grants power only when it is available.
• Ability to monitor the real-time power consumption. On a per-PoE port basis, the switch senses the
total power consumption, polices the power usage, and reports the power usage.
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Default Settings After Initial Switch Configuration
Monitoring Features
• Switch LEDs that provide port- and switch-level status
• MAC address notification traps and RADIUS accounting for tracking users on a network by storing
the MAC addresses that the switch has learned or removed
• Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) and Remote SPAN (RSPAN) for traffic monitoring on any port or
VLAN
• SPAN and RSPAN support of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to monitor, repel, and report
network security violations
• Four groups (history, statistics, alarms, and events) of embedded RMON agents for network
monitoring and traffic analysis
• Syslog facility for logging system messages about authentication or authorization errors, resource
issues, and time-out events
• Layer 2 traceroute to identify the physical path that a packet takes from a source device to a
destination device
• Time Domain Reflector (TDR) to diagnose and resolve cabling problems on 10/100 and
10/100/1000 copper Ethernet ports
• SFP module diagnostic management interface to monitor physical or operational status of an SFP
module
Default Settings After Initial Switch Configuration
The switch is designed for plug-and-play operation, requiring only that you assign basic IP information
to the switch and connect it to the other devices in your network. If you have specific network needs,
you can change the interface-specific and system-wide settings.
Note For information about assigning an IP address by using the browser-based Express Setup program, see
the getting started guide. For information about assigning an IP address by using the CLI-based setup
program, see the hardware installation guide.
If you do not configure the switch at all, the switch operates with these default settings:
• Default switch IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway is 0.0.0.0. For more information, see
Chapter 3, “Assigning the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway,” and Chapter 19, “Configuring
DHCP Features and IP Source Guard.”
• Default domain name is not configured. For more information, see Chapter 3, “Assigning the Switch
IP Address and Default Gateway.”
• DHCP client is enabled, the DHCP server is enabled (only if the device acting as a DHCP server is
configured and is enabled), and the DHCP relay agent is enabled (only if the device is acting as a
DHCP relay agent is configured and is enabled). For more information, see Chapter 3, “Assigning
the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway,” and Chapter 19, “Configuring DHCP Features and IP
Source Guard.”
• Switch cluster is disabled. For more information about switch clusters, see Chapter 5, “Clustering
Switches,” and the Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant, available on Cisco.com.
• No passwords are defined. For more information, see Chapter 6, “Administering the Switch.”
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Default Settings After Initial Switch Configuration
• System name and prompt is Switch. For more information, see Chapter 6, “Administering the
Switch.”
• NTP is enabled. For more information, see Chapter 6, “Administering the Switch.”
• DNS is enabled. For more information, see Chapter 6, “Administering the Switch.”
• TACACS+ is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 8, “Configuring Switch-Based
Authentication.”
• RADIUS is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 8, “Configuring Switch-Based
Authentication.”
• The standard HTTP server and Secure Socket Layer (SSL) HTTPS server are both enabled. For more
information, see Chapter 8, “Configuring Switch-Based Authentication.”
• IEEE 802.1x is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 9, “Configuring IEEE 802.1x
Port-Based Authentication.”
• Port parameters
– Interface speed and duplex mode is autonegotiate. For more information, see Chapter 10,
“Configuring Interface Characteristics.”
– Auto-MDIX is enabled. For more information, see Chapter 10, “Configuring Interface
Characteristics.”
– Flow control is off. For more information, see Chapter 10, “Configuring Interface
Characteristics.”
– PoE is autonegotiate. For more information, see Chapter 10, “Configuring Interface
Characteristics.”
• VLANs
– Default VLAN is VLAN 1. For more information, see Chapter 12, “Configuring VLANs.”
– VLAN trunking setting is dynamic auto (DTP). For more information, see Chapter 12,
“Configuring VLANs.”
– Trunk encapsulation is negotiate. For more information, see Chapter 12, “Configuring VLANs.”
– VTP mode is server. For more information, see Chapter 13, “Configuring VTP.”
– VTP version is Version 1. For more information, see Chapter 13, “Configuring VTP.”
– Voice VLAN is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 14, “Configuring Voice VLAN.”
• STP, PVST+ is enabled on VLAN 1. For more information, see Chapter 15, “Configuring STP.”
• MSTP is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 16, “Configuring MSTP.”
• Optional spanning-tree features are disabled. For more information, see Chapter 17, “Configuring
Optional Spanning-Tree Features.”
• Flex Links are not configured. For more information, see Chapter 18, “Configuring Flex Links and
the MAC Address-Table Move Update Feature.”
Note To use Flex Links, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• DHCP snooping is disabled. The DHCP snooping information option is enabled. For more
information, see Chapter 19, “Configuring DHCP Features and IP Source Guard.”
• DHCP server port-based address allocation is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 19,
“Configuring DHCP Features and IP Source Guard.”
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Default Settings After Initial Switch Configuration
• IGMP snooping is enabled. No IGMP filters are applied. For more information, see Chapter 21,
“Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR.”
• IGMP throttling setting is deny. For more information, see Chapter 21, “Configuring IGMP
Snooping and MVR.”
• The IGMP snooping querier feature is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 21, “Configuring
IGMP Snooping and MVR.”
• MVR is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 21, “Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR.”
Note To use MVR, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• Port-based traffic
– Broadcast, multicast, and unicast storm control is disabled. For more information, see
Chapter 22, “Configuring Port-Based Traffic Control.”
– No protected ports are defined. For more information, see Chapter 22, “Configuring Port-Based
Traffic Control.”
– Unicast and multicast traffic flooding is not blocked. For more information, see Chapter 22,
“Configuring Port-Based Traffic Control.”
– No secure ports are configured. For more information, see Chapter 22, “Configuring Port-Based
Traffic Control.”
• CDP is enabled. For more information, see Chapter 23, “Configuring CDP.”
• UDLD is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 25, “Configuring UDLD.”
• SPAN and RSPAN are disabled. For more information, see Chapter 26, “Configuring SPAN and
RSPAN.”
Note To use RSPAN, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
• RMON is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 27, “Configuring RMON.”
• Syslog messages are enabled and appear on the console. For more information, see Chapter 28,
“Configuring System Message Logging.”
• SNMP is enabled (Version 1). For more information, see Chapter 29, “Configuring SNMP.”
• No ACLs are configured. For more information, see Chapter 30, “Configuring Network Security
with ACLs.”
• QoS is disabled. For more information, see Chapter 32, “Configuring QoS.”
• No EtherChannels are configured. For more information, see Chapter 35, “Configuring
EtherChannels and Link-State Tracking.”
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Network Configuration Examples
Network Configuration Examples
This section provides network configuration concepts and includes examples of using the switch to
create dedicated network segments and interconnecting the segments through Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
Ethernet connections.
• “Design Concepts for Using the Switch” section on page 1-16
• “Small to Medium-Sized Network Using Catalyst 2960 Switches” section on page 1-19
• “Long-Distance, High-Bandwidth Transport Configuration” section on page 1-20
Design Concepts for Using the Switch
As your network users compete for network bandwidth, it takes longer to send and receive data. When
you configure your network, consider the bandwidth required by your network users and the relative
priority of the network applications that they use.
Table 1-1 describes what can cause network performance to degrade and how you can configure your
network to increase the bandwidth available to your network users.
Bandwidth alone is not the only consideration when designing your network. As your network traffic
profiles evolve, consider providing network services that can support applications for voice and data
integration, multimedia integration, application prioritization, and security. Table 1-2 describes some
network demands and how you can meet them.
Table 1-1 Increasing Network Performance
Network Demands Suggested Design Methods
Too many users on a single network
segment and a growing number of
users accessing the Internet
• Create smaller network segments so that fewer users share the bandwidth, and use
VLANs and IP subnets to place the network resources in the same logical network
as the users who access those resources most.
• Use full-duplex operation between the switch and its connected workstations.
• Increased power of new PCs,
workstations, and servers
• High bandwidth demand from
networked applications (such as
e-mail with large attached files)
and from bandwidth-intensive
applications (such as
multimedia)
• Connect global resources—such as servers and routers to which the network users
require equal access—directly to the high-speed switch ports so that they have
their own high-speed segment.
• Use the EtherChannel feature between the switch and its connected servers and
routers.
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Network Configuration Examples
You can use the switches to create the following:
• Cost-effective Gigabit-to-the-desktop for high-performance workgroups (Figure 1-1)—For
high-speed access to network resources, you can use the Cisco Catalyst 2960 switches in the access
layer to provide Gigabit Ethernet to the desktop. To prevent congestion, use QoS DSCP marking
priorities on these switches. For high-speed IP forwarding at the distribution layer, connect the
switches in the access layer to a Gigabit multilayer switch with routing capability, such as a
Catalyst 3750 switch, or to a router.
The first illustration is of an isolated high-performance workgroup, where the Catalyst 2960
switches are connected to Catalyst 3750 switches in the distribution layer. The second illustration is
of a high-performance workgroup in a branch office, where the Catalyst 2960 switches are
connected to a router in the distribution layer.
Each switch in this configuration provides users with a dedicated 1-Gb/s connection to network
resources. Using SFP modules also provides flexibility in media and distance options through
fiber-optic connections.
Table 1-2 Providing Network Services
Network Demands Suggested Design Methods
Efficient bandwidth usage for
multimedia applications and
guaranteed bandwidth for critical
applications
• Use IGMP snooping to efficiently forward multimedia and multicast traffic.
• Use other QoS mechanisms such as packet classification, marking, scheduling,
and congestion avoidance to classify traffic with the appropriate priority level,
thereby providing maximum flexibility and support for mission-critical, unicast,
and multicast and multimedia applications.
• Use MVR to continuously send multicast streams in a multicast VLAN but to
isolate the streams from subscriber VLANs for bandwidth and security reasons.
High demand on network redundancy
and availability to provide always on
mission-critical applications
• Use VLAN trunks and BackboneFast for traffic-load balancing on the uplink ports
so that the uplink port with a lower relative port cost is selected to carry the VLAN
traffic.
An evolving demand for IP telephony • Use QoS to prioritize applications such as IP telephony during congestion and to
help control both delay and jitter within the network.
• Use switches that support at least two queues per port to prioritize voice and data
traffic as either high- or low-priority, based on IEEE 802.1p/Q. The switch
supports at least four queues per port.
• Use voice VLAN IDs (VVIDs) to provide separate VLANs for voice traffic.
A growing demand for using existing
infrastructure to transport data and
voice from a home or office to the
Internet or an intranet at higher
speeds
Use the Catalyst Long-Reach Ethernet (LRE) switches to provide up to 15 Mb of IP
connectivity over existing infrastructure, such as existing telephone lines.
Note To use LRE, the switch must be running the LAN Base image.
Note LRE is the technology used in the Catalyst 2900 LRE XL and Catalyst 2950
LRE switches. See the documentation sets specific to these switches for LRE
information.