Comparative study of various voip applications in 802.11 a wireless network s...ijmnct
Today, Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (VOWLAN) is the most accepted Internet application.
There are a large number of literatures regarding the performance of various WLAN networks. Most of
them focus on simulations and modeling, but there are also some experiments with real networks. This
paper explains the comparison of performance of two different VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
applications over the same IEEE 802.11a wireless network. Radio link standard 802.11a have maximum
transmission rate of 54Mbps. First protocol is session initiation protocol (SIP) and second is H.323
protocol. First one has an agent called SIP proxy. Second have a gateway reflects the characteristics of a
Switched Circuit Network (SCN). With this comparison we have required to obtain a better understanding
of wireless network suitability for voice communication in IP network.
Sustainable Lightweight Wireless Communication StackIJERA Editor
A light weight wireless communication stack based on wireless communication establishment. It handles data received over the air and send serially with security checking and acknowledgement. Also it transmits data over the air which is received serially with security checking and acknowledgement. It gives status of alive routers on coordinator’s UART port.
Comparative study of various voip applications in 802.11 a wireless network s...ijmnct
Today, Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (VOWLAN) is the most accepted Internet application.
There are a large number of literatures regarding the performance of various WLAN networks. Most of
them focus on simulations and modeling, but there are also some experiments with real networks. This
paper explains the comparison of performance of two different VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
applications over the same IEEE 802.11a wireless network. Radio link standard 802.11a have maximum
transmission rate of 54Mbps. First protocol is session initiation protocol (SIP) and second is H.323
protocol. First one has an agent called SIP proxy. Second have a gateway reflects the characteristics of a
Switched Circuit Network (SCN). With this comparison we have required to obtain a better understanding
of wireless network suitability for voice communication in IP network.
Sustainable Lightweight Wireless Communication StackIJERA Editor
A light weight wireless communication stack based on wireless communication establishment. It handles data received over the air and send serially with security checking and acknowledgement. Also it transmits data over the air which is received serially with security checking and acknowledgement. It gives status of alive routers on coordinator’s UART port.
Route Optimization (RO) in Mobile Internet Protocol
Version Six (MIPv6) is a technique that enables a
Mobile Node (MN) and a Corresponding Node (CN)
to communicate directly by bypassing the Home Agent
(HA). RO is usually faced with the problem of Internet
Protocol (IP) multilayer tunnels due to pinball or suboptimal
routing. The generic consideration in
designing route optimization scheme is to use
minimum signaling information in the IPv6 packet
header. In order for optimization to take place in
MIPv6, a protocol called route optimization protocol
must be introduced. Route optimization protocol is
used basically to improve performance. Also RO can
also be described as a mechanism that eliminates the
inefficiency in tunneling of packets from MRs to their
HA before being sent to CNs over the Internet.
However, Network Mobility (NEMO) can be described
as a network whose point of attachment to the Internet
varies with time.
The tradeoff between the two protocols can provide a
significant impact on the networks. Furthermore, one
potential choice of selecting any of the protocols can
increase or decrease the degree of application in used.
The tradeoff in offloading solution can vary from
mobile access network and core mobile network.
Optimizing traffic breakout and support for mobility
are paramount to service operators. The study focused
on the development and evaluation of an experimental
test bed of route optimization in MIPv6 and
NEMO.The tradeoff between the two protocols was
examined. The results of the experimental test bed
shows the benefit of next generation of Internet
system, especially for real-time applications that
need to provide seamless connection with low handoff
latency.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Email: ijcsiseditor@gmail.com
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
Performance Analysis of WiMAX and LTE Using NS-2IJERA Editor
The increasing use of wireless devices and in particular smart phones has resulted the need for greater capacity
and higher speed than the existing network technologies. Hence, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and WiMAX
(Worldwide Interoper- ability for Microwave Access) became the two leading technologies. Services are
increasingly shifting from voice to data and from circuit-switched to packet-switched ones. Battle between LTE
and WiMAX technologies is already heating up with WiMAX being ahead due to availability of standards
through IEEE 802.16 and is up and running but lacks in substantial roll out plans due to cost. The targets for
LTE indicate bandwidth increases as high as 100 Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50 Mbps on the uplink.
However, this potential increase in bandwidth is just a small part of the overall improvement LTE aims to
provide. This study illustrates the model and representation of LTE links and traffics using NS-2 network
simulator and observation of TCP performance investigated. The Evaluation of the network performance with
TCP is mainly based on congestion window behavior, throughput, average delay and lost packet.
Abstract—In recent times, there has been an exponential increase in the use of mobile wireless devices such as smartphones, tablets etc. This has in turn led to a matching increase in demand for mobile broadband data usage. Many technologies have been engaged in order to meet this enormous data need. Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) are major technologies used in meeting this high data demand. However, LTE was designed to operate in the licensed spectrum as a schedule-based technology in which the Evolved Node B (eNodeB) allots time-slots to devices in its cell. The licensed spectrum is more expensive to maintain for service providers and with increase in mobile wireless devices that same licensed spectrum is more congested. Operation of LTE in Unlicensed spectrum has been proposed as a solution to this need. However, if LTE operates in the unlicensed spectrum in its native form, Wi-Fi and other legacy technologies operating in the unlicensed spectrum get deprived of channel access. In this paper, we proposed a modified Blank Subframe Allocation technique in combination with Listen before talk (LBT) Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before allocating the spectrum to its users to give channel access opportunity to Wi-Fi devices. Simulation was conducted for both instances i.e. when LTE operates with only Blank Subframe Allocation (BSA) coexistence and when CCA is applied to the LTE node. Performances of both models were evaluated using performance matrices such as delay time and throughput. The results showed that the proposed model achieved a smaller delay time than the existing model.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Email: ijcsiseditor@gmail.com
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR WIMAX PHY LAYER UNDER DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONSijistjournal
This paper gives an introduction on the IEEE 802.16 standard – WIMAX or Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access. The different parts give details on the architectural specifications of WiMAX networks
and also on the working principle of WiMAX networks including its services provided. It also provides brief
descriptions on its salient features of this technology and how it benefits the networking industry. A brief
outline of the basic building blocks or equipment of WiMAX architecture is also provided. This paper also
evaluates the simulation performance of IEEE 802.16 OFDM PHY layer. The Stanford University Interim
(SUI) channel model under varying parameters is selected for the wireless channel in the simulation. The
performance measurements and analysis was done in simulation developed in MATLAB.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Route Optimization (RO) in Mobile Internet Protocol
Version Six (MIPv6) is a technique that enables a
Mobile Node (MN) and a Corresponding Node (CN)
to communicate directly by bypassing the Home Agent
(HA). RO is usually faced with the problem of Internet
Protocol (IP) multilayer tunnels due to pinball or suboptimal
routing. The generic consideration in
designing route optimization scheme is to use
minimum signaling information in the IPv6 packet
header. In order for optimization to take place in
MIPv6, a protocol called route optimization protocol
must be introduced. Route optimization protocol is
used basically to improve performance. Also RO can
also be described as a mechanism that eliminates the
inefficiency in tunneling of packets from MRs to their
HA before being sent to CNs over the Internet.
However, Network Mobility (NEMO) can be described
as a network whose point of attachment to the Internet
varies with time.
The tradeoff between the two protocols can provide a
significant impact on the networks. Furthermore, one
potential choice of selecting any of the protocols can
increase or decrease the degree of application in used.
The tradeoff in offloading solution can vary from
mobile access network and core mobile network.
Optimizing traffic breakout and support for mobility
are paramount to service operators. The study focused
on the development and evaluation of an experimental
test bed of route optimization in MIPv6 and
NEMO.The tradeoff between the two protocols was
examined. The results of the experimental test bed
shows the benefit of next generation of Internet
system, especially for real-time applications that
need to provide seamless connection with low handoff
latency.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Email: ijcsiseditor@gmail.com
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
Performance Analysis of WiMAX and LTE Using NS-2IJERA Editor
The increasing use of wireless devices and in particular smart phones has resulted the need for greater capacity
and higher speed than the existing network technologies. Hence, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and WiMAX
(Worldwide Interoper- ability for Microwave Access) became the two leading technologies. Services are
increasingly shifting from voice to data and from circuit-switched to packet-switched ones. Battle between LTE
and WiMAX technologies is already heating up with WiMAX being ahead due to availability of standards
through IEEE 802.16 and is up and running but lacks in substantial roll out plans due to cost. The targets for
LTE indicate bandwidth increases as high as 100 Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50 Mbps on the uplink.
However, this potential increase in bandwidth is just a small part of the overall improvement LTE aims to
provide. This study illustrates the model and representation of LTE links and traffics using NS-2 network
simulator and observation of TCP performance investigated. The Evaluation of the network performance with
TCP is mainly based on congestion window behavior, throughput, average delay and lost packet.
Abstract—In recent times, there has been an exponential increase in the use of mobile wireless devices such as smartphones, tablets etc. This has in turn led to a matching increase in demand for mobile broadband data usage. Many technologies have been engaged in order to meet this enormous data need. Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) are major technologies used in meeting this high data demand. However, LTE was designed to operate in the licensed spectrum as a schedule-based technology in which the Evolved Node B (eNodeB) allots time-slots to devices in its cell. The licensed spectrum is more expensive to maintain for service providers and with increase in mobile wireless devices that same licensed spectrum is more congested. Operation of LTE in Unlicensed spectrum has been proposed as a solution to this need. However, if LTE operates in the unlicensed spectrum in its native form, Wi-Fi and other legacy technologies operating in the unlicensed spectrum get deprived of channel access. In this paper, we proposed a modified Blank Subframe Allocation technique in combination with Listen before talk (LBT) Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before allocating the spectrum to its users to give channel access opportunity to Wi-Fi devices. Simulation was conducted for both instances i.e. when LTE operates with only Blank Subframe Allocation (BSA) coexistence and when CCA is applied to the LTE node. Performances of both models were evaluated using performance matrices such as delay time and throughput. The results showed that the proposed model achieved a smaller delay time than the existing model.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Email: ijcsiseditor@gmail.com
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR WIMAX PHY LAYER UNDER DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONSijistjournal
This paper gives an introduction on the IEEE 802.16 standard – WIMAX or Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access. The different parts give details on the architectural specifications of WiMAX networks
and also on the working principle of WiMAX networks including its services provided. It also provides brief
descriptions on its salient features of this technology and how it benefits the networking industry. A brief
outline of the basic building blocks or equipment of WiMAX architecture is also provided. This paper also
evaluates the simulation performance of IEEE 802.16 OFDM PHY layer. The Stanford University Interim
(SUI) channel model under varying parameters is selected for the wireless channel in the simulation. The
performance measurements and analysis was done in simulation developed in MATLAB.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
What transmission technique utilizes multi/tutorialoutlet Beaglesz
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
tutorialoutletdotcom
What transmission technique utilizes multi-path reflections to bounce signals around objects to an intended receiver?
2. Which technique is used to split data frames into pieces and transmit them using different antennas and radios?
ZigBee defines the application and security layer specifications enabling interoperability between products from different manufacturers.ZigBee is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard to address the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless M2M networks.It is very useful in this communication world.
Wireless zigbee communication technology 141215052616-conversion-gate01M srinivasu
ZigBee defines the application and security layer specifications enabling interoperability between products from different manufacturers.ZigBee is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard to address the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless M2M networks.It is very useful in this communication world
A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices exchange data with each other using a data link. The connections between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
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Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
1. CIS 513 Week 11 Final Exam – Strayer New
Click On The Link Below To Purchase A+ Graded Material
Instant Download
http://budapp.net/CIS-513-Final-Exam-Week-11-Strayer-NEW-
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Chapters 5 Through 8
Chapter 5 - Wireless Personal Area Networks
TRUE/FALSE
1. WPAN technologies are designed to connect devices that are typically up to 10 meters
apart.
2. One of the advantages of WPAN technologies is their conservative use of battery
power.
3. The first step in the Bluetooth pairing process is the paging procedure.
4. A reduced-function device can only connect to one full-function device on the
network.
5. Bluetooth uses a challenge-response strategy for device authentication.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is NOT a likely application for WPAN technologies?
a. home control
systems
c. industrial control
systems
b. video streaming d. security systems
2. Which of the following is true about WPAN standards?
a. IEEE developed
standards for
protocols above
layer 2
c. IEEE 802.15.1 is
the Bluetooth
standard
b. industry alliances
developed
specifications for
layers 1 and 2
d. 802.16n is the
ZigBee standard
2. 3. Which of the following is true about the OSI model and IEEE 802?
a. the PMD is part of
the Data Link layer
c. the LLC is part of
the Physical layer
b. the PLCP formats
data received from
the MAC
d. the MAC layer is
responsible for
establishing
connectivity to the
local network
4. Which radio frequency band does Bluetooth use?
a. 2.4 GHz ISM c. 2.0 GHz ISM
b. 5.0 GHz ISM d. 4.2 GHz ISM
5. Which of the following is true about the Bluetooth protocol stack?
a. the L2CAP sits
between Baseband
and RF
c. Link Manager
communicates
directly with the
Physical Radio
b. the Baseband layer
sits atop the RF
layer
d. The RF layer
communicates
between the Link
Manager and
L2CAP
6. What feature available in some Bluetooth devices increases data rates to 2.1 or 3
Mbps?
a. Link Manager c. L2CAP
b. radio module d. EDR
7. Which Bluetooth power class allows transmission ranges up to 330 feet?
a. Power Class 1 c. Power Class 3
b. Power Class 2 d. Power Class 4
8. Bluetooth 1.x uses a variation of which modulation technique?
a. PSK c. FSK
b. ASK d. GSK
3. 9. What feature of Bluetooth version 3.0 uses a separate radio module that transmits
using the same methods as IEEE 802.11?
a. BLE c. AMP
b. ULP d. NFC
10. Which transmission technique is used by Bluetooth devices?
a. Narrowband c. DHSS
b. FHSS d. UWB
11. Which feature of Bluetooth version 1.2 allows Bluetooth networks to coexist with
802.11 networks with a minimum of interference?
a. adaptive frequency
hopping
c. alternate
MAC/PHY
b. frequency hopping
spread spectrum
d. Bluetooth low
energy
12. What is created when a Bluetooth network has one master and at least one slave using
the same channel?
a. scatternet c. piconet
b. wi-fi net d. bluenet
13. How is the master device determined in a Bluetooth network?
a. the device with the
lowest address
number
c. the first device to
send out an inquiry
message to discover
other devices
b. the device with the
highest priority hop
sequence on the
piconet
d. the device that
carries out a paging
procedure and
establishes a
connection
14. Which of the following is NOT a field in a Bluetooth frame?
a. Access code c. Header
b. Frame check
sequence
d. Payload
4. 15. Which of the following is NOT a Bluetooth error correction scheme?
a. 1/3 rate FEC c. ARQ
b. 2/3 rate FEC d. CRC
16. In which Bluetooth power mode is only the slave device’s internal timer running?
a. active mode c. hold mode
b. sniff mode d. park mode
17. Which of the following is true about the ZigBee standard?
a. designed to support
mesh networking
c. used for larger data
transfers than
Bluetooth
b. replaced an existing
global, open
standard
d. operates in the 5.0
and 6.5 GHz ISM
bands
18. Which layer in a ZigBee device is responsible for detecting the presence of an RF
signal in the currently selected channel?
a. LLC c. MAC
b. PHY d. Upper
19. Which task is the MAC layer responsible for in an 802.15.4 device?
a. turning the radio
transceiver on and
off
c. association and
disassociation
b. analyzing link
quality
d. selecting a
frequency channel
for operation
20. Which type of ZigBee device controls the network in a star topology?
a. all end-node
devices
c. full-function device
b. reduced function
device
d. PAN coordinator
5. COMPLETION
1. In a ZigBee tree topology, if a child loses it connection with its FFD, it becomes a(n)
_____________.
2. ________________ is an 802.15.4-based technology that implements IPv6 on
WPANs and supports mesh networking.
3. A ______________ authority is a private company that verifies the authenticity of
each user in order to discourage fraud.
4. In Bluetooth Encryption Mode ______, all traffic is encrypted.
5. 802.15.4 provides for _______________ integrity, a technique that uses a message
integrity code.
MATCHING
a. 8-DPSK f. inquiry procedure
b. ACL link g. MIC
c. ARQ h. modulation index
d. binding i. sequential freshness
e. guaranteed time
slots
j. superframe
1. a reserved period for critical devices to transmit priority data
2. a simple method of phase shift keying that uses eight degrees of phase to encode
tribits
3. the process of establishing a relationship between endpoints in a ZigBee network
4. a security service available in 802.15.4 and used by the receiving device
5. a process that enables a device to discover which devices are in range
6. a packet-switched link that is used for data transmissions
7. the amount that the frequency varies
8. an error-correction scheme that continuously retransmits until an acknowledgment is
received or a timeout value is exceeded
6. 9. a mechanism for managing transmissions in a piconet
10. a code composed of a subset of the data, the length of the data, and the symmetric key
SHORT ANSWER
1. What are the three types of addresses used in a Bluetooth piconet? Describe each.
2. Describe the two types of physical links between Bluetooth devices.
3. What are the two types of network access used in IEEE 802.15.3 networks? Describe
them.
4. List three of the seven tasks the 802.15.4 MAC layer is responsible for.
5. What are the four levels of addresses for identifying devices within a ZigBee PAN?
6. What is a cluster tree topology and how do they compare to mesh networks?
7. How is power management implemented in a ZigBee network?
8. Describe the WirelessHART technology.
9. List and describe the three levels of Bluetooth security.
10. What is the process that ZigBee WPANs use for authentication and encryption?
Describe how it works.
Chapter 6 - High-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks
TRUE/FALSE
1. IEEE 802.15 covers all the WPAN working groups.
2. The WHDI consortium developed the WHDI specification primarily for the delivery
7. of data produced from online database queries.
3. The piconet coordinator in a WirelessHD network should be a battery operated device
for mobility.
4. The DSPS power saving mode allows devices to sleep for long periods of time until
they choose to wake up and listen to a beacon.
5. UWB is capable of handling multiple data streams, including HD television.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which IEEE standard enables multimedia connectivity between mobile and fixed
consumer devices within the home?
a. 802.15.3c c. 802.15.1
b. 802.15.5 d. 802.15.4
2. In which frequency range does WHDI operate?
a. 2.4 GHz c. 5 GHz
b. 800 MHz d. 400 KHz
3. Which of the following is true about WiGig?
a. it is compatible
with 802.11ac
c. makes use of
technology
designed by
AMIMON
b. it requires layer 3
and 4 protocols for
audiovisual support
d. it has adopted the
802.15.3c standard
for multimedia
distribution
4. What does WiGig use to maintain reliable connections at very high frequencies?
a. single-carrier
modulation
c. OFDM
b. beamforming d. protocol adaptation
layers
8. 5. What technique does WirelessHD employ to support data rates over 25 Gbps?
a. LRP c. HDMI
b. spatial multiplexing d. beamforming
6. Which of the following is true about a WVAN piconet?
a. the piconet relies on
an access point
c. large non-mobile
devices like TVs
are not part of a
piconet
b. the PNC is typically
a mobile device
such as a tablet
computer
d. the PNC is the first
sink device in the
area
7. Which of the following is described as a piconet that has its own PNC but depends on
the original piconet’s PNC to allocate a private block of time when its devices are
allowed to transmit?
a. child piconet c. neighbor piconet
b. parent piconet d. subordinate piconet
8. Which of the following is NOT an HR WPAN feature provided by the 802.15.3 MAC
layer?
a. uses a one-octet
device ID
c. data transport
includes QoS
b. PNC can be queried
about other devices
d. infrastructure mode
networking is
supported
9. Which part of an 802.15.3 superframe is used for association and command
communication?
a. contention access
period
c. channel time
allocation period
b. beacon d. management
channel time
allocation
10. What type of transmission method does an 802.15.3 piconet use during the CTAP?
a. SDMA c. FDMA
b. TDMA d. CDMA
9. 11. Which field of the 802.15.3 MAC frame format is used to reassemble a file in the
correct sequence?
a. Frame control c. Fragmentation
control
b. Piconet ID d. Stream index
12. Which 802.15.3 power-saving methods allows devices to sleep for the duration of
several superframes and allows them to wake up in the middle of a superframe to
transmit or receive data?
a. PSPS c. PSPS
b. APS d. APCI
13. Which radio band does the 802.15.3c standard use?
a. 5.0 GHz c. 2.4 GHz
b. 60 GHz d. p00 MHz
14. How many channels and what is the width of each 802.15.3c channel?
a. 4, 2 GHz c. 11, 25 MHz
b. 6, 200 MHz d. 14, 50 MHz
15. Which of the following is NOT a 802.15.3c PHY layer enhancement?
a. passive scanning c. channel energy
detection
b. parity bit error
detection
d. transmit power
control
16. The RF modulation techniques used for 802.15.3c are variations of which of the
following?
a. QAM and PSK c. NRZ-L and NRZ-I
b. FSK and ASK d. BPSK and QPSK
17. In the WirelessHD specification 1.1, Which of the following is NOT a function of the
higher protocol layers?
a. video format c. device discovery
10. selection
b. clock
synchronization
d. video and audio
encoding and
decoding
18. What application has UWB been used for since the 1960’s?
a. video streaming c. cellular phone
towers
b. ground-penetrating
radar
d. automobile speed
detectors
19. What term is used for the technique in which the amplitude, polarity, or position of an
analog pulse represents either a 1 or a 0?
a. biphase modulation c. direct-sequence
UWB
b. mesh networking d. impulse modulation
20. What type of attack on a Bluetooth device can access contact lists without the user’s
knowledge?
a. bluejacking c. bluesnarfing
b. bluespoofing d. blueDoS
COMPLETION
1. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard enables ________________ connectivity between
mobile and fixed consumer devices within the home.
2. The WHDI specification is designed to mirror the screens of multiple devices to the
TV screen with the use of ____________.
3. _____________________ uses multiple radios and antennas to steer a signal in the
direction of the receiver.
4. ZigBee uses a(n) _______________ encryption key for network-wide
communications.
5. Security for IEEE 802.15.3 HR WPANs is based on ________________, a symmetric
11. key encryption mechanism.
MATCHING
a. biphase modulation f. isochronous
b. channel time
allocations
g. MCTA
c. contention access
period
h. PNC
d. D-WVAN i. spatial multiplexing
e. H-WVAN j. superframe
1. periods of time allocated by the PNC to a specific device for prioritizing
communications
2. the home or parent WVAN
3. time periods used for communication between the devices and the PNC
4. a mechanism used to communicate commands or any asynchronous data that may be
present in a superframe
5. a technique that uses multiple radios and multiple antennas to transmit and receive
different parts of the same PHY frame
6. a time-dependent transmission that must occur every frame or every so many
frames to maintain the quality of the connection
7. a mechanism for managing transmissions in a piconet
8. a device that provides all the basic communications timing in an 802.15.3 piconet
9. uses a half-cycle positive analog pulse to represent a 1 and a half-cycle negative
analog pulse to represent a 0
10. a secondary wireless video area network that operates in a different frequency channel
SHORT ANSWER
1. Provide a summary of the purpose and application for IEEE 802.15.3c.
2. List four potential HR WPAN applications.
12. 3. What was the primary purpose the WHDI consortium developed the WHDI
specification?
4. What do the PALs do for WiGig?
5. What are the three sections the WirelessHD specification divides the PHY layer into?
6. Describe child and neighbor piconets.
7. Describe the three parts of an 802.15.3 superframe.
8. What information is contained in the Frame control field of an 802.15.3 frame?
9. List and describe the two modes of security for IEEE 802.15.3 HR WPANs.
10. Briefly discuss the potential of spectrum conflict with WPANs.
Chapter 7 - Low-Speed Wireless Local Area Networks
TRUE/FALSE
1. A wireless residential gateway provide better security than connecting a computer
directly to the Internet.
2. The range of an AP base station is approximately 375 feet in an environment with no
obstructions and little interference.
3. When transmitting above 2 Mbps using DSSS in an 802.11b network, a Barker code
is used.
4. The PHY layer of the 802.11b standard provides functionality for a client to join a
WLAN and stay connected.
5. A SIFS occurs immediately after the transmission of frames and no device is allowed
to transmit during the SIFS.
13. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is NOT true about wireless NICs?
a. they change the
computer’s internal
data from serial to
parallel before
transmitting
c. they have an
antenna instead of a
cable port
b. you can connect an
external wireless
NIC to a USB port
d. notebook
computers often use
Mini PCI cards for
wireless NICs
2. Which component found in an access point is NOT found in a wireless NIC?
a. radio transmitter c. radio receiver
b. RJ-45 interface d. antenna
3. Aside from acting as the base station for the wireless network, what other function
does an AP perform?
a. it routes packets c. proxy server
b. acts as a bridge d. it performs as a
firewall
4. Where does an AP that it using PoE get its DC power from?
a. an AC outlet c. UTP cables
b. a built-in AC/DC
converter
d. high-frequency
radio waves
5. If three friends each have a laptop computer and they want to exchange files
wirelessly but nobody has an AP, what should they do?
a. use Ad hoc mode c. use the Basic
Service Set
b. use infrastructure
mode
d. use the Extended
Service Set
6. What is the term used for when a client finds a different AP that can provide a better-
quality signal and then associates with the new AP?
a. reassociation c. transfer
14. b. reconnect d. handoff
7. Which of the following is NOT a field in the 802.11b PLCP frame?
a. Start frame
delimiter
c. Signal data rate
b. Source address d. Length
8. Which field of the PLCP frame indicates how long in microseconds the data portion
of the frame is?
a. Start frame
delimiter
c. Service
b. Signal data rate d. Length
9. What is the primary job of the PMD sublayer?
a. translate binary 1s
and 0s into radio
signals
c. reformat the data
received from the
MAC layer
b. evaluate the Header
error check field
d. implement a
channel access
method
10. What is the maximum throughput a device can achieve operating on an 802.11b
network?
a. about 11 Mbps c. about 54 Mbps
b. about 5.5 Mbps d. about 27 Mbps
11. What is the period of time devices must wait after the medium is clear before
attempting to transmit?
a. collision timeframe c. backoff interval
b. signal data rate d. synchronization
period
12. What is the RTS/CTS protocol designed to reduce or prevent?
a. negative
acknowledgements
c. collisions
b. CRC errors d. handshakes
15. 13. With which channel access method does the AP ask each computer if it wants to
transmit?
a. point coordinated
function
c. CSMA/CD
b. CSMA/CA d. virtual carrier
sensing
14. In active scanning, what does the client do initially to start the association process?
a. poll the access
point
c. send a beacon with
the requested SSID
b. send a probe frame d. transmit an
associate request
frame
15. What is the last frame sent to successfully conclude a client’s attempt to associate
using active scanning?
a. scan reply c. probe response
b. synchronize
acknowledgement
d. associate response
16. Which of the following is true about client’s associating with an AP?
a. an AP can reject the
request based on
the client MAC
address
c. a client can
reassociate with
another AP in a
BSS
b. a client can be
associated to
multiple APs
simultaneously for
fault tolerance
d. if a client is not
preconfigured for a
specific AP, it will
not attempt to
associate
17. Which of the following is NOT true about WLAN power management?
a. power management
is transparent to
applications
c. the AP uses
timestamps to
maintain
synchronization
b. 802.11b devices use
power management
in ad hoc mode
d. the AP keeps a
record of which
client’s are sleeping
16. 18. What is the list of devices called that an AP sends in a beacon that indicates which
clients have buffered frames waiting?
a. sleep mode
identifier
c. traffic indication
map
b. buffered frames
allocation
d. packet delivery list
19. Which of the following is a function performed by MAC management frames?
a. request-to-send c. reassociation
request
b. transmit data to the
client
d. acknowledgement
20. What is the time period during which all devices must wait between transmissions of
data frames?
a. Short Interframe
Space
c. Idle Requirement
Period
b. DCF Interframe
Space
d. Transmission
Control Period
COMPLETION
1. In the place of a port for a cable connection, a wireless NIC has a(n)
______________.
2. An AP acts as a(n) ____________ between the wired and wireless networks.
3. ____________________ mode consists of at least one wireless client connected to a
single AP.
4. Once the _____________ has formatted the frame, it passes the frame to the PMD
sublayer.
5. When a client is finishing transmitting, it begins listening for a(n) ________________
from the receiving device.
17. MATCHING
a. ACK f. control frames
b. active scanning g. DCF
c. associate request
frame
h. fragmentation
d. BSS i. management frames
e. channel access
methods
j. passive scanning
1. a WLAN mode that consists of at least one wireless client and one AP
2. a frame sent by a client to an AP that contains the client’s capabilities and supported
rates
3. MAC frames that assist in delivering the frames that contain data
4. the process of listening to each available channel for a set period of time
5. the division of data to be transmitted from one large frame into several smaller frames
6. a procedure used to reduce collisions by requiring the receiving station to send an
explicit packet back to the sending station
7. the default channel access method in IEEE 802.11 WLANs
8. MAC frames that are used, for example, to set up the initial communications between
a client and the AP
9. the process of sending frames to gather information
10. the different ways of sharing resources in a network environment
SHORT ANSWER
1. What are the four steps involved in wireless NIC transmission?
2. Describe the two basic functions of an AP.
3. What is infrastructure mode? Include a discussion of BSS and ESS in your answer.
4. What is a drawback of an ESS WLAN with respect to roaming users? What is a
remedy to this drawback?
18. 5. Describe the Physical layer of the 802.11b standard.
6. List the three parts of the PLCP frame.
7. How does CSMA/CA in DCF handle media contention?
8. How does RTS/CTS work?
9. Describe the six basic rules of communication in an 802.11 network.
10. Describe the six steps that occur if two devices have frames to transmit.
Chapter 8 - High-Speed WLANs and WLAN Security
TRUE/FALSE
1. The 802.11a standard maintains the same MAC layer functions as 802.11b WLANs.
2. Increasing data transmission speed through more complex modulation schemes makes
multipath distortion worse.
3. The 4-bit Rate field in an 802.11a PLCP frame specifies the speed at which the Data
field will be transmitted.
4. Wireless controllers incorporate most AP functions including the radio.
5. VPNs encrypt a connection for security and use very few processing resources.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following 802.11 standards uses U-NII bands and does not use ISM
bands?
a. 802.11b c. 802.11g
b. 802.11a d. 802.11n
19. 2. Which of the U-NII bands is approved for outdoor use?
a. U-NII-1 c. U-NII-2 Extended
b. U-NII-2 d. U-NII-3
3. What is the multiplexing technique used by 802.11a to help solve the multipath
distortion problem?
a. QPSK c. FEC
b. OFDM d. PBCC
4. How many bits per symbol can be transmitted using 16-QAM?
a. 16 c. 4
b. 2 d. 8
5. Which wireless data rate uses 64-level quadrature amplitude modulation, transmitting
over 48 subcarriers?
a. 11 Mbps c. 24 Mbps
b. 2 Mbps d. 54 Mbps
6. Which layer defines the characteristics of the wireless medium?
a. PLCP c. LLC
b. PMD d. MAC
7. Which field in an 802.11a PLCP frame are used to initialize part of the transmitter
and receiver circuits?
a. Tail c. Service
b. Pad d. Parity
8. What is the disadvantage of an 802.11a WLAN compared to an 802.11b WLAN?
a. shorter range c. more interference
sources
b. higher error rate d. lower bandwidth
9. How many non-overlapping channels are available in an 802.11g WLAN?
20. a. 23 c. 3
b. 11 d. 8
10. Why is the SIFS time in the 802.11g standard effectively extended to 16
microseconds?
a. for compatibility
with 802.11a
c. to allow 802.11n
devices on the
network
b. to account for quiet
time
d. to achieve data
rates higher than 11
Mbps
11. Which of the following is correct about antenna diversity?
a. it is the cornerstone
of the 802.11n
technology
c. it increases
bandwidth while
decreasing range
b. it is two radios and
one antenna
d. it is two antennas
with one radio
12. What do 802.11n devices employ to direct a transmission back to the device from
which a frame was received?
a. spatial multiplexing c. MIMO
b. beamforming d. antenna diversity
13. What is the maximum radio configuration for 802.11n devices?
a. 3 transmitters, 3
receivers
c. 4 transmitters, 4
receivers
b. 6 transmitters, 4
receivers
d. 4 transmitters, 3
receivers
14. How much bandwidth do 802.11n devices utilize when running at speeds up to 300
Mbps?
a. 20 MHz c. 40 MHz
b. 22 MHz d. 44 MHz
15. What is the purpose of a guard band?
a. help prevent c. helps prevent
21. adjacent channel
interference
outside EM
interference
b. help prevent co-
channel
interference
d. helps prevent
intersymbol
interference
16. What 802.11n mode of operation is referred to as greenfield?
a. transmitting in non-
HT mode with
802.11a/g devices
c. transmitting with
only HT devices
b. transmitting in
mixed HT/non-HT
devices
d. transmitting at a
faster speed than
receiving
17. Which HT operation mode is used when one or more non-HT devices are associated
with an HT AP and supports devices at 20 or 40 MHz?
a. Mode 0 c. Mode 2
b. Mode 1 d. Mode 3
18. Which IEEE standard supports QoS and enables prioritization of frames in DCF?
a. 802.11f c. 802.11d
b. 802.11e d. 802.11c
19. What 802.11 standard under development uses up to 160 MHz bandwidth and can
achieve data rates up to 7 Gbps?
a. 802.11bg c. 802.11cd
b. 802.11ac d. 802.11ga
20. What type of device can you deploy to allow client WLAN connectivity when the
main AP is out of range?
a. bridge c. monitor
b. controller d. router
COMPLETION
1. __________________ distortion occurs when the receiving device gets the same
signal from several different directions at different times.
22. 2. The _______________ interval prevents a new symbol from arriving at the receiver
before the last multipath signal reaches the receiver’s antenna.
3. AP _____________________ is a security problem that takes advantage of the fact
that clients authenticate with the AP but not vice versa.
4. The strength of encryption relies on keeping the __________ secret as well as its
length.
5. 802.1X uses the Extensible ________________ Protocol for relaying access requests
between a wireless device, the AP, and the RADIUS server.
MATCHING
a. co-channel
interference
f. reduced interframe
space
b. CTS-to-self g. spatial multiplexing
c. guard band h. symbol
d. intersymbol
interference
i. TKIP
e. pre-shared key j. wireless controller
1. a 128-bit key used by WPA
2. interference between two devices configured to use the same frequency channel
3. a change in the signal, also known as a baud
4. a 2-microsecond interframe space that can be used in 802.11n networks
5. the unused frequency space between two adjacent channels
6. a security protocol used in WPA that provides per packet key-mixing
7. a coordination method used by 802.11g devices that prevents 802.11 and 802.11b
devices that do not “understand” OFDM from attempting to initiate a transmission
8. a transmission technique that uses multiple radios and multiple antennas to send
different parts of the same message simultaneously
9. devices that make it much easier to manage large WLANs by implementing most of
the functions of an AP
23. 10. caused when the beginning of a symbol arrives at the receiver antenna while
multipath reflections from the previous symbol are still reaching the antenna
SHORT ANSWER
1. What is the U-NII frequency band and WLAN standard uses it?
2. Describe how 802.11a uses the U-NII-1, U-NII-2, and U-NII-2 extended bands.
3. What are the two mandatory and two optional transmission modes defined in the
802.11g PHY layer?
4. What are the three parts of an 802.11a PLCP frame? Describe them briefly.
5. Describe the approach that 802.11n (HT) takes to the implementation of the PHY
layer.
6. What is MIMO technology? Include beamforming and spatial multiplexing in your
answer.
7. What is the channel configuration of 802.11n and how does it help achieve higher
data rates?
8. What is the guard interval and what does it help prevent?
9. What are wireless controllers and why are they important in WLANs?
10. What is 802.11i and what aspect of WLANs does it deal with?