This document provides a quiz on job discrimination that includes multiple choice, true/false, and short answer questions. It covers topics like types of discrimination, relevant court cases, affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment. The questions assess understanding of statistical and attitudinal evidence of discrimination, moral and legal aspects of these issues, and how to respond if harassment occurs.
This presentation exposes what is mental health with statistics that will open your eyes that this issue might be closer to home thank you think!
By Alison Roberts
Implicit Bias Emboldens Racism: Opportunity For Meaningful ChangeHarry Alford
On June 8th, 2020, I and my twin brother, Thomas Alford, presented to the University of Maryland lacrosse team about implicit bias and how it emboldens racism. The discussion offered some ways to learn about our country’s history, its impact on the present, the underlying conditions that led to the murder of George Floyd, and actionable steps. We also shared stories about our experiences playing lacrosse, both negative and positive.
This presentation exposes what is mental health with statistics that will open your eyes that this issue might be closer to home thank you think!
By Alison Roberts
Implicit Bias Emboldens Racism: Opportunity For Meaningful ChangeHarry Alford
On June 8th, 2020, I and my twin brother, Thomas Alford, presented to the University of Maryland lacrosse team about implicit bias and how it emboldens racism. The discussion offered some ways to learn about our country’s history, its impact on the present, the underlying conditions that led to the murder of George Floyd, and actionable steps. We also shared stories about our experiences playing lacrosse, both negative and positive.
1.The apartheid systema. was founded by whites in 1950.b..docxhyacinthshackley2629
1.
The apartheid system:
a. was founded by whites in 1950.
b. set up strict social, economic, and legal barriers amongst whites, blacks, and coloreds.
c. influences criminal justice administration even today.
d. all of the choices apply.
2.
Dysfunctional families are usually characterized by:
a. a solid emotional support system for juveniles living with many family members.
b. continuous social and emotional support from parents who, nevertheless, must face minor problems in the work place.
c. emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and parents who have long repressed hostility and anger.
d. strong social support for children based upon loving relationships between parents and children.
3.
The trend in China is to:
a. place more and more youths on probation.
b. move toward a more formal system of justice.
c. place most juveniles in institutions for five or more years.
d. both place more and more youths on probation and move toward a more formal system of justice.
4.
Police in Australia:
a. arrest whenever possible.
b. make little use of the formal and informal cautioning process.
c. try hard to protect Aboriginal youth.
d. none of the choices apply.
5.
The authors of the textbook believe that four key themes for turning juveniles lives around are:
a. hope, habilitation, punishment, and reinforcement.
b. modeling behavior, punishment, fear, and reinforcement.
c. habilitation, honor, healing, and hope.
d. punishment, fear, reinforcement, and behavior extinction.
6.
Which of the following does the United States have more of than most of the other industrialized nations of the world?
a. More uneducated citizens
b. Higher dropout rates
c. Minimal reading skills
d. All of the choices apply
7.
Developing countries governed by indigenous populations rely on rules:
a. drawn up by legislators and codified in law books.
b. passed down through the oral history of the country.
c. enforced by family and community members.
d. both passed down through the oral history of the country and enforced by family and community members.
8.
The restorative model focuses on which of the following ideas?
a. Offenders must face consequences for their actions
b. Enough sanctions should be developed to punish offenders quickly
c. The offender's family is partly responsible for the youth's actions
d. All of the choices apply
9.
Current trends suggest that in the future:
a. more juveniles will be executed.
b. fairness for minorities will increase.
c. society will have more troubled teenagers.
d. all of the choices apply.
10.
The purpose of family conferences is to implement the:
a. crime control model.
b. welfare model.
c. restorative model.
d. due process model.
11.
Structural changes needed in modern society to reduce the problems of the juvenile justice system include:
a. a social structure sensitive to the needs of all social classes.
b. a reorganization of neighborhoods to mak.
Question 1 of 205.0 PointsWhich one of the following statements .docxteofilapeerless
Question 1 of 20
5.0 Points
Which one of the following statements accurately reflects current American opinion about sexual behavior?
A. Promiscuity is acceptable to most Americans.
B. Casual sex is acceptable for men but not women.
C. Extramarital sexual behavior is wrong.
D. Casual sex is acceptable for men and women.
Reset Selection
Question 2 of 20
5.0 Points
Which one of the following describes the typical prostitute customer, or "John"?
A. Single, young, White male
B. Married, middle-aged, White male
C. A man who interacts with prostitutes for a brief period of time
D. A man who interacts with a large number of prostitutes
Reset Selection
Question 3 of 20
5.0 Points
A major reason that child prostitutes are sought after in Asian countries is the:
A. fear of AIDS in older prostitutes.
B. belief that children can be more easily manipulated.
C. lower cost of visits to child prostitutes.
D. difficulty in finding child prostitutes in other geographical areas.
Reset Selection
Question 4 of 20
5.0 Points
Which one of the following is not a major social structural factor that may lead women to prostitution?
A. Poor relationships with parents
B. Sexual abuse
C. Family economic hardship
D. Limited intelligence
Reset Selection
Question 5 of 20
5.0 Points
A distinction between pornography and obscenity is that:
A. obscenity is literature, art, or films that are sexually arousing.
B. pornography may be sexually arousing but is not degrading or demeaning.
C. obscenity is a legal term for pornography that is defined as unacceptable by general standards of decency.
D. pornography is more likely to lack serious artistic merit.
Reset Selection
Question 6 of 20
5.0 Points
Which one of the following statements is a finding of Boeringer's (1994) and Donnerstein's (1984) research on pornography and men's sexual aggressive attitudes and behavior?
A. There is no relationship between pornography and violent attitudes and behavior.
B. Men who watched "soft-core" pornography were more likely to use sexual force and other kinds of coercion.
C. Men who watched violent pornography were more likely to vote for conviction in a simulated rape trial than men who did not watch the movie.
D. Men who watched violent pornography generally denied that they might commit rape.
Reset Selection
Question 7 of 20
5.0 Points
Research on homosexuality throughout the world leads to which one of the following conclusions?
A. Some societies have much greater numbers of homosexuals than others.
B. Homosexual orientation is affected by societal norms.
C. Homosexuals in different cultures vary with respect to overtly "feminine" and "masculine" characteristics.
D. Behavioral interests and occupational choices among homosexuals vary widely in different cultures.
Reset Selection
Question 8 of 20
5.0 Points
Regarding homosexual behavior, which one of the following statements is most likely to be true?
A. Young males who engage in sex for money usually become exclus.
Writing Assignment 3 Prompt Description In this writ.docxambersalomon88660
Writing Assignment 3 Prompt
Description:
In this writing assignment, students will be practicing how to detect rhetoric, bad
definitions, and fallacies. For the given examples, use the files on Blackboard to
determine which rhetorical devices, definitional problems, or fallacies make the examples
irrational, suspect, or unacceptable. The purpose of this assignment is for students to
begin to refine their ability to reject irrational arguments or merely persuasive techniques
by detecting the common modes in which they occur.
Directions:
For the following three sections, perform the tasks as described:
1. For the below examples, list the rhetoric device which you think is most clearly
present.
a. A patriot is a person who is always faithful to the government, the
symbols, and the traditions of America, and will not question them
publicly. So professional athletes who critique and protest these
institutions, traditions, and symbols are unpatriotic and deserve
punishment for dissent.
b. Oh, Senator Cruz doesn’t know how to tweet; that’s what his staffers are
for. So when he watches porn he’s not capable of accidentally tweeting a
like for it. That was one of his godless staffers. He’s a good Christian
politician we can count on, I promise.
c. She is a free spirit, so she might be hard to get in touch with about the
meeting.
d. What kind of pizza should you get? Whichever kind your doctor said
would be best for your high-blood pressure and exercise regiment.
e. A vote for a third party candidate is as politically meaningless as
screaming into a pillow. You might as well just vote for the candidate you
least agree with.
f. Those in fly-over country simply don’t have access to the basic
information they need to make proper assessments of politics.
2. For the following definitions, explain, in just a sentence or two for each, why each
definition is bad (i.e., “It doesn’t meet the criteria of scope, descriptiveness,
non-circularity, clarity, or objectivity because….”):
a. Farm: A farm is a large tract of land which grows crops to sell.
b. War: An evil enterprise in which humans show their innate depravity.
c. Homework: Like filling out hospital forms but without the medical
situation.
d. Sailboat: A watercraft with sails.
3. For each argument below, list which fallacy you think is most clearly present.
a. Mark says that the legal drinking age should be raised to 25, but Mark
drinks like a fish so we shouldn’t accept his claim.
b. Almost every civilization in history has believed that there is some kind of
afterlife, so it can’t be true that there is nothing after death.
c. People always stereotype athletes as unintellectual idiots but they don’t
ever give any reasons for this. Anyone who saw our game last weekend
would agree that our team was full of athletic skill, devotion, hard work,
and teamwork. If you simply give athletes a fair look, you’d realize that
they are not de.
1. Assignment The call for reform of the early juvenile justice sys.docxsandibabcock
1. Assignment: The call for reform of the early juvenile justice system was possibly based on the following:
. It was formed out of a feeling of benevolence, as espoused by the Progressive era "child savers". This was to protect children by changing child labor practices, child abuse, runaways, homeless children and new immigrants.
. Others claim it was simply a mechanism to control the effects of the Industrial Revolution, such as poverty, urban decay, and crime.
. The third possibility was a big business backed conservative influence to control and train the poor to be workers in a newly industrialized society.
In your opinion state which one of the three was possibly correct and why. This assignment must be no less than 500 words. You must back your opinion with facts supporting your position.
2. You are a new community police officer assigned with seven other officers to a low income, heterogenous, high turnover, high crime neighborhood. How should you and your fellow officers address the following problems?
a. Neighborhood residents, neighborhood business owners, and community leaders disagree about the most important problems of the neighborhood and what to do about them. What should you and your fellow officers do?
b. You organize and heavily publicize a meeting to discuss neighborhood problems and their solutions. However, only about 10% to 20% of neighborhood residents attend, and most of them are white and more affluent homeowners who live in the better parts of the neighborhood. Few minorities or renters atend. What should you and your fellow officers do?
c. Your precinct captain disagrees with neighborhood residents about the most important problems in the nieghborhood. Your precinct captain's top priority is abandoned cars used for drug dealing. The top priority of neighborhood residents in the overall appearance of the neighborhood. What should you and your fellow officers do?
3.
Seek out a site which explains the process by which DNA identification is established. (there is more than one process; choose only one and give a generalized step by step process). Identify research web site. Post your answer via email directly to your instructor.
After completing research on (a), give your opinion as to safeguards needed to ensure presented DNA evidence is credible. Post your answer via email directly to your instructor.
4. In John Grisham's 1992 novel,
A Time to Kill,
the defendant, a black man whose young daughter was viciously raped by two white men , is on trial for gunning down the two men on the courthouse steps in full view of many bystanders. Even thought it was obvious to all the defendant had killed the two men, the jury in the case returned a not guilty verdict, and the defendant was allowed to walk free. This is an example of jury nullification, the power of a jury in a criminal case to acquit a defendant despite overwhelming evidence. The jury can acquite for any reason or for no reason at all, and the d.
Running Head Is Affirmative action policy required in current tim.docxcharisellington63520
Running Head: Is Affirmative action policy required in current times?
2 | Page Is Affirmative action policy required in current times?
Is Affirmative action policy required in current times?
Name:
Course:
Tutor:
Institution:
Thesis statement
Is Affirmative action policy required in current times?
Purpose:
Affirmatory actions is a coverage to back up equivalent chance and also to stage the actual digital camera playing field pertaining to groups of people who have been and so are separated versus. Positive activity is surely an behave used by a connection to settle on the foot of gender, competition, or perhaps ethnic culture giving to be paid inclinations in order to minorities similar along with backgrounds binges non enough delineated to a lower place the previous usage. In the common law decade positive legal action provides window dressing a great deal of arguments. Yes, definitely action mechanism has been very suspect ever since the beginning. Females in addition to Minorities possess from the time that already been receiving higher-ranking didactics degrees as well as special offers in the place of work. Even though several as well as small section people sense they're tendered peer chances coming from positive motion other folks mother wit they're presented your possibilities considering that in their slipstream or maybe sexual category rather than since they will be skilled or have received their particular sites. Affirmative activity has advantaged many persons even though frustrating other folks. Hence the topic Let me consider in this particular attempt is actually Probative action at law insurance policy is needed throughout present times
At present, the wants for affirmative action have reduced. Minorities and women in America are increasing superior educations and advanced employment positions than ever previous to. A minority woman is embracing the uppermost position for a individual in her field of employment, Americans have choose a President from a minority group, and minority members and women are being identified for their fairness founded on their skills and not since affirmative action’s states they have to be. Devoid of affirmative action it is probable for American women and minority members to carry on to work their way up to complete equality.
In the United States Affirmative action began in the 1960s as a tool to deal with the persevering inequalities for African Americans. This precise term was first employed in 1961 to portray US government policy. Administered to all government contracting agency, President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925 commanded "affirmative action to make certain that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated for the period of employment, devoid of regard to their race, color, creed,or national origin. In 1972, affirmative action becomes a provocative public issue. True adequate, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 previously had made somewhat called “affirmat.
1. According to Cudd and Jones, the term sexism refers to which .docxjackiewalcutt
1. According to Cudd and Jones, the term 'sexism' refers to which of the following?
a. The widely held belief that women are inferior to men and deserve less.
B. Anything that makes women less well-off than men.
c. Anything that involves treating men and women differently.
d. The unjustified systemic disadvantage faced by women.
2. According to Frye, what is a double bind?
a. The double bind is a kind of knot used by sailors.
b. It is situation where one is bound by multiple social forces and has no choice in what to do.
c. It is a situation where choices are reduced to a few, and all of those choices have bad outcomes.
d. It is a situation where the choices of an oppressor bind the oppressed.
3. What is the purpose of Frye's discussion of the custom of men opening doors for women?
a. To illustrate the difference between macroscopic and microscopic modes of analysis.
b. To show that some customs based on gender are okay when helpful.
c. To illustrate an example of a double bind.
d. To show that if a man ever opens a door for a woman, he is being sexist.
4. Which of the following best characterizes the role of sex in advertising according to Bordo?
a. Sex sells, so putting attractive members of the opposite sex near product will lead to positive attitudes toward the product.
b. Women's eating serves as a metaphor for sexual experience, while men's sexual appetite is a metaphor for their hunger.
c. Sex doesn't really play a noticeable role in advertising, which is about getting information about a product into the world.
d. Sexual desire is natural for men so it is openly depicted, but for women such desire must be hidden through subtle hints.
5. Which of the following possible causes of poverty does "The End of Poverty" emphasize?
a. Greed on the part of owners of major companies
b. Colonialism as it transformed from political to contemporary economic forms
c. Bad education and work habits among citizens of developing nations
d. Political corruption in countries with developing economies
6. "The Debt of Dictators" suggests that the US and other developed nations had which of the following roles in creating the debt of dictators?
a. Developed nations borrowed money from dictators to fund extravagant social welfare programs
b. Developed nations were usually forced to loan money to dictators for humanitarian reasons
c. Developed nations willingly lent money to corrupt dictators because it was profitable to do so
d. Developed nations were largely uninvolved in the debt of dictators
7. Which of the following best characterizes Pogge's thesis?
a. Most people in the US can help the impoverished around the world at little cost; while they are not obligated to do so, they would be more virtuous if they did so
b. Most people in the US are not actively harming the impoverished, but can still help them at little cost to themselves, therefore have an obligation to help them
c. Most people in the US are uninvolved in global ...
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
1. BUS 309 Week 11 Quiz – Strayer
Click on the Link Below to Purchase A+ Graded Course Material
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Quiz 10 Chapter 11
Job Discrimination
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is true based on documented evidence of discrimination?
a. African Americans have the third highest
standard of living in the world.
b. Today, men are just as likely as women to
be in so-called "pink collar" occupations.
c. There is little statistical evidence of job
discrimination today.
d. Relatively few women and minorities
have made it to the very top of their
professions.
2. A historical view indicates which of the following is correct?
a. Statistical evidence is irrelevant to
proving discrimination.
b. Women and blacks are sometimes
victimized by stereotypes.
c. The idea that women may have
difficulties fitting into a "male" work
environment is outdated.
d. On average women earn between 1/3 and
1/2 of what men make for doing the very
same work.
3. Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?
a. Brown v. Board of Education upheld the
principle of "separate but equal."
b. The Bakke case outlawed affirmative
action across the board.
c. In the 2004 Holtz case, the Supreme Court
ruled that "race-conscious" admissions
policies are unconstitutional.
d. In the recent University of Michigan cases
(Gratz and Grutter), the Supreme Court
2. upheld a moderate, flexible affirmative
action program and rejected a rigid one.
4. Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR
affirmative action?
a. It evens the score with young white men,
who have had it good for too long.
b. It is necessary to break the cycle that
keeps minorities and women locked into
low-paying, low-prestige jobs.
c. It ignores the principle of equality.
d. It is a color-blind policy.
5. Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument
AGAINST affirmative action?
a. Compensatory justice forbids affirmative
action.
b. Blacks and whites are already equal in
socioeconomic terms.
c. Affirmative action violates the rights of
white men to equal treatment.
d. Affirmative action is the same thing as
fixed numerical quotas.
6. Advocates of "comparable worth"
a. say that all women do their job just as
well as men.
b. base their doctrine on the free-market
determination of wages.
c. believe it is necessary for getting rid of
sexual harassment.
d. want women to be paid as much as men
for jobs involving equivalent skill, effort,
and responsibility.
7. Which of the following is an example of sexual harassment?
a. Unwelcome sexual offers a female
employer gives to a male employee.
b. A female employee hugging a co-worker
when he announces his engagement.
c. A manager enforcing a dress code for a
3. work environment.
d. An employee pinning up comic strips in
an office cubicle.
8. Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women. Who
decides when such behavior is inappropriate?
a. The person to whom the comments are
directed.
b. The person accused of harassment.
c. The hypothetical "reasonable person."
d. The common law as modified by
legislation.
9. The 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v. Stotts
a. treated sexual harassment as a form of
discrimination.
b. upheld seniority over affirmative action.
c. upheld the legality of hiring quotas.
d. upheld the legality of mandatory drug
testing.
10. In 1987, the Supreme Court affirmed, in the case of Johnson v. Transportation
Agency, that
a. affirmative action is unconstitutional.
b. quotas based on considerations of race are
unconstitutional.
c. considerations of sex are permissible as
one factor in deciding whom to promote.
d. racially segregated schooling is
unconstitutional.
11. Which of the following statements is accurate?
a. Men cannot be victims of sexual
harassment.
b. The Supreme Court has established a hard
and fast line between permissible and
impermissible affirmative action plans.
c. The law treats sexual harassment as a
form of sexual discrimination.
d. Differences in levels and types of
4. education explain why, on the average,
men earn more than women.
12. When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men—all of them
articulate and conventionally dressed—to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and
Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed
a. sexual discrimination against young
African-American men.
b. racial discrimination against young
African-American men.
c. sexual discrimination against young white
men.
d. racial discrimination against young white
men.
13. What quality is more important in predicting who gets fired than job-performance
ratings or even prior disciplinary history?
a. race b. sexual
orientati
on
c. age d. gender
14. Male managers frequently assume that women
a. will not place family demands above work
considerations.
b. possess the necessary drive to succeed in
business.
c. take negative feedback professionally
rather than personally.
d. are too emotional to be good managers.
15. What do affirmative action programs involve?
a. Firms should prepare an oral equal-
employment policy and an affirmative
action commitment.
b. Firms should appoint an administrative
assistant to direct and implement their
program and to publicize their policy and
affirmative action commitment.
c. Firms are expected to survey current
female and minority employment by
department and job classification.
5. d. Whenever underrepresentation of females
or minorities is evident, firms are to try a
little harder.
16. Fill in the blank. Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of
affirmative action but also find that _______________ benefits when they make
themselves more diverse?
a. the morale of the
company
c. the law department
b. the bottom line d. the managers
17. Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will lead to illegal quotas,
preferential treatment of African Americans and women, and even reverse
discrimination against white men?
a. affirmative action c. sexual harassment
b. sexual diversity d. age discrimination
18. Over the last two decades, how many sexual-harassment claims have emerged?
a. over 12,000
annually.
c. over 25,000
annually.
b. over 15,000
annually.
d. over 50,000
annually.
19. There are two legal types of sexual harassment:
a. male to female, female to male.
b. male to male, female to female.
c. boss to worker, worker to boss.
d. “quid pro quo’’ and “hostile work
environment.’’
20. To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in
sexual harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?
a. reasonable person c. hysterical person
b. sensual person d. management person
21. One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as
a. assets. b. equals. c. high d. playthin
6. potential
s.
gs.
22. What should a female employee do if she encounters sexual harassment?
a. She must decide if she likes the attention.
b. She should try to document it by keeping
a record of what has occurred, who was
involved, and when it happened.
c. Keep it to herself and never tell a soul.
d. Go on a talk show and tell her story.
23. According to Shaw and Barry, companies clearly have what kind of obligation to
provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?
a. legal b. moral c. environ
mental
d. personal
24. Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their
position?
a. Most women want a rigid schedule.
b. Most women want the most challenging
job.
c. Most women have chosen the higher
paying occupations.
d. Most women have freely chosen the lower
paying occupations.
25. Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to
a. job
perform
ance.
b. job
discrimi
nation.
c. job
analysis.
d. job
descripti
on.
TRUE/FALSE
1. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex,
religion, or national origin.
2. Experts distinguish two types of sexual harassment. "Hostile work environment" is
one of them.
7. 3. The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual favoritism is a form of sexual harassment
and is therefore illegal.
4. To discriminate in employment is to make an adverse decision against an employee or
job applicant based solely on his or her membership in a certain class.
5. The Supreme Court, in its 1978 ruling in the case of Bakke v. Regents of the
University of California, upheld the University's right to reserve entrance places in its
medical school for minorities.
6. The terms "affirmative action" and "reverse discrimination" are synonymous.
7. Kantians would repudiate sexual or racial job discrimination as disrespectful to our
humanity.
8. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed sexual and racial discrimination at
work until overturned by the Supreme Court.
9. "Affirmative action" refers to programs taking the race and sex of employees and job
candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that
exist as a result of past discrimination, either in the company itself or in the larger
society.
10. The issue of comparable worth pits against each other two cherished American
values: the ethic of nondiscrimination verses the free enterprise system.
11. The only true form of job discrimination is intentional and individual.
12. Catherine A. MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on
someone who is not in a position to refuse it.
13. An isolated or occasional remark or innuendo inevitably constitutes sexual
harassment.
14. According to the Supreme Court, men cannot be the victims of sexual harassment.
8. 15. The courts view sexual harassment as a kind of sexual discrimination.
16. The 1995 case Adarand Constructors v. Pena shows that, after years of disagreement,
the Supreme Court is now unanimous on the issue of affirmative action.
17. Job discrimination involves prejudice, inaccurate stereotypes, or the assumption that a
certain group is inferior and deserves unequal treatment.
18. Some companies view diversity in the workplace as a competitive advantage.
19. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers, both public and private, with
twenty five or more employees.
20. Executive Order 10925 decreed that federal contractors should “make rigid quotas to
ensure that applicants are employed without regard to their race, creed, color, or
national origin.’’
21. Women entering male turf, or minority workers of either sex going into a
predominantly white work environment, can find themselves uncomfortably being
measured by a white male value system.
22. Statistics by themselves do not prove discrimination.
23. A survey shows that three out of four whites believe that African Americans and
Hispanics are more likely than whites to prefer living on welfare, and a majority of
whites also believe that African Americans and Hispanics are more likely to be lazy,
unpatriotic, and prone to violence.
24. Anti-discrimination laws do not address the present-day effects of past discrimination.
25. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity
Act of 1972) prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion,
or national origin.
SHORT ANSWER
1. Job discrimination occurs if three conditions are met. What are they?
9. 2. Job discrimination can be individual or intentional. What are two other forms that job
discrimination can take?
3. What is some of the statistical evidence of job discrimination?
4. What is some of the attitudinal evidence of job discrimination?
5. What did the Supreme Court decide in 1954 in the case of Brown v. Board of
Education?
6. What does Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act say?
7. EEOC lists steps to affirmative action. Name two of them.
8. Explain the importance of the 1978 case, Bakke v. Regents of the University of
California.
9. What is the Supreme Court's current view of affirmative action (as evidenced by the
Michigan cases Gratz and Grutter)?
10. Affirmative action should be distinguished from reverse discrimination. What is the
difference?
11. What is the doctrine of comparable worth? On what grounds do opponents of
comparable worth criticize it?
12. What evidence do we have that sexual harassment is harmful to people?
13. What is an example of strong evidence that racial or sexual discrimination exists?
14. What steps should a male or female employee take when encountering sexual
harassment?
10. ESSAY
1. Explain in your own words the pros and cons of the against affirmative action that
“affirmative action injures white men and violates their rights.”
2. Explain why sexual harassment is unethical considering two moral theories.
3. Explain why job discrimination is unethical considering two moral theories.
4. Is it unrealistic to imagine that there will be no sexual interaction between men and
women in the workplace? Produce the reasoning on both sides of the argument.
5. Should the sexual orientation of gays and lesbians be protected against
discrimination? Justify your answer.