Circulatory shock
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This document discusses circulatory shock and its types. It defines circulatory shock as inadequate tissue perfusion due to decreased cardiac output. The main types are hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive shock. Hypovolemic shock, the most common type, can be caused by hemorrhage, trauma, surgery, or burns. Hemorrhagic shock specifically results from acute blood loss of over 15ml/kg. The stages of shock include a reversible stage with rapid compensatory mechanisms and a later irreversible stage if compensation fails. Treatment focuses on blood and plasma transfusion as well as medications like epinephrine and dopamine to increase cardiac output, while avoiding sedatives and overwarm
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Shock
Shock is a condition where the cardiovascular system fails to adequately perfuse tissues. It can be caused by an impaired pump (cardiogenic shock), reduced circulating volume (hypovolemic shock), or maldistribution of blood flow (distributive shock). The main effects are cellular hypoxia, impaired metabolism, and organ damage or failure if not treated. Compensatory mechanisms aim to increase perfusion but eventually fail, leading to irreversible cellular damage and death if shock persists.
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1. Shock is a life-threatening condition defined as inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues due to acute circulatory failure, leading to cellular injury and death if untreated.
2. The document classifies and describes the pathophysiology and stages of different types of shock, including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, and neurogenic shock.
3. Left untreated, the stages of shock progress from initial compensated shock to decompensated shock and finally irreversible shock, with multi-organ failure potentially leading to death.
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Circulatory shock is characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion and cardiac output. There are four types of shock depending on the cause: hypovolemic from low blood volume, vasogenic from toxic substances causing vasodilation, cardiogenic from reduced heart pumping ability, and obstructive from impaired ventricular filling. Shock is divided into three stages - compensatory, progressive as mechanisms fail to stop shock progression, and irreversible where treatment becomes ineffective and tissue damage occurs. General shock treatment includes keeping the patient warm, elevating the legs, fluid replacement, sympathominetic drugs, and oxygen therapy.
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The cardiac cycle consists of systole and diastole. During systole, the heart contracts and pumps blood, while during diastole the heart relaxes and fills with blood. The cycle takes approximately 0.8 seconds and is initiated by the sinoatrial node firing an electrical impulse. Key events in the cycle include atrial systole, isovolumic contraction, rapid ejection, slow ejection, isovolumic relaxation, and rapid and slow ventricular filling. Diseases associated with abnormalities in the cardiac cycle include angina, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and valve disorders like mitral stenosis.
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Shock
Shock is a condition where the cardiovascular system fails to adequately perfuse tissues. It can be caused by an impaired pump (cardiogenic shock), reduced circulating volume (hypovolemic shock), or maldistribution of blood flow (distributive shock). The main effects are cellular hypoxia, impaired metabolism, and organ damage or failure if not treated. Compensatory mechanisms aim to increase perfusion but eventually fail, leading to irreversible cellular damage and death if shock persists.
SHOCK
1. Shock is a life-threatening condition defined as inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues due to acute circulatory failure, leading to cellular injury and death if untreated.
2. The document classifies and describes the pathophysiology and stages of different types of shock, including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, and neurogenic shock.
3. Left untreated, the stages of shock progress from initial compensated shock to decompensated shock and finally irreversible shock, with multi-organ failure potentially leading to death.
Circulatory shock
Circulatory shock is defined as inadequate perfusion of oxygen to tissues, resulting in organ dysfunction, cellular damage, and potentially death if not corrected. Shock can be caused by factors that reduce circulating blood volume, impair heart function, obstruct blood flow, or cause maldistribution of blood flow. The body initially compensates for reduced perfusion, but shock can progress to irreversible tissue damage if compensation is inadequate.
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Cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. It progresses through four stages as the body attempts compensation. The compensatory stage involves nervous, hormonal and chemical responses to shunt blood to vital organs. In the progressive stage, compensatory mechanisms begin to cause problems by failing to maintain cardiac output. Cardiogenic shock is divided into coronary and non-coronary types. Clinical signs include pale skin, tachycardia, weak pulses and decreased urine output. Treatment goals are to improve tissue perfusion, decrease myocardial oxygen demand, improve contractility and decrease infarct size using fluids, inotropes, vasopressors and IABP as needed.
Shock
Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, anaphylactic, septic, and neurogenic shock can occur due to various primary disturbances of the cardiovascular system. Cardiogenic shock results from reduced cardiac output due to issues like heart attacks or arrhythmias. Hypovolemic shock is caused by significant loss of circulating blood volume from hemorrhaging or fluid loss. Anaphylactic and septic shock involve profound vasodilation from allergic reactions or bacterial toxins. Neurogenic shock occurs when sympathetic tone is inhibited, causing vasodilation. The document discusses the mechanisms and consequences of each type of shock.
Physiology and mli of shock
Shock is defined as a physiological state characterized by a significant, systemic reduction in tissue perfusion due to decreased cardiac output. It results in inadequate tissue oxygen delivery and metabolic waste removal, causing tissue injury. Shock is classified based on etiology and includes hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive shock. The pathophysiology of shock involves neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, microcirculatory, hormonal, metabolic, and immune responses that vary depending on the shock type and stage. Specific types of shock like hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock are further described.
shock
This document discusses shock, including its definition, causes, stages, classifications, signs, symptoms, and treatments. Shock is defined as a clinical state of circulatory collapse caused by a reduction in cardiac output or circulating blood volume, resulting in hypotension and impaired tissue perfusion. The stages of shock include compensated, uncompensated, and irreversible. The main types of shock covered are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic), and obstructive. Treatment aims to restore adequate tissue perfusion through volume expansion and vasopressor support.
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1) Shock is a clinical syndrome characterized by inadequate blood flow to tissues due to low cardiac output. There are four main types of shock: hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive.
2) Hypovolemic shock occurs when blood volume is reduced, such as from hemorrhage, trauma, surgery, or dehydration. Early signs include rapid pulse, rapid breathing, pale skin, and low blood pressure.
3) Distributive shock involves widespread vasodilation, such as in anaphylaxis, infection-related sepsis, or neurological causes. This decreases peripheral resistance despite normal blood volume.
shock
Shock is a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion and hypotension. The body responds to shock through sympathetic nervous system activation to increase heart rate, contractility and circulating volume. There are four main types of shock: hypovolemic from blood/fluid loss, cardiogenic from heart failure, distributive from vascular problems, and obstructive. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, improving cardiac function, and restoring tissue perfusion through fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. Without treatment, shock can progress to multi-organ failure and death.
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This seminar covers different types of shock including definitions, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment. The main types discussed are hypovolaemic shock, traumatic shock, cardiogenic shock, neurogenic shock, septic shock, and crush syndrome. Hypovolaemic shock is the most common and results from sudden loss of blood or fluid volume. Treatment focuses on fluid resuscitation and controlling bleeding. Septic shock has a high mortality and is usually caused by gram-negative bacteria. Crush syndrome occurs after body portions are compressed by heavy weights.
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This document discusses the physiology of shock, defining it as a state where circulation fails to meet tissue needs. It describes the main types of shock - hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstructive, and refractory - and their causes. For hypovolemic shock, it details hemorrhagic shock and compensatory mechanisms. It outlines the progression of shock through nonprogressive, progressive and irreversible stages and the vicious cycle that can occur. General clinical manifestations and management are also summarized.
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Shock is characterized by impaired cellular metabolism and decreased tissue perfusion. There are four main types of shock: hypovolemic, vasogenic, cardiogenic, and neurogenic. The stages of shock progression include initial, compensatory, progressive, and irreversible. Management aims to restore fluid volume, increase cardiac output, and remove the precipitating cause. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, administering IV fluids and oxygen, maintaining perfusion, preventing complications, and supporting organ function.
Physiology of Cardiovascular shock.
This document provides an overview of cardiovascular shock, including its definition, physiology, classification, causes, symptoms, treatment, and complications. The main types of shock discussed are hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive shock. Hypovolemic shock, caused by decreased blood volume from hemorrhage, burns, or fluid loss, is described in more detail. The body's compensatory responses to hypovolemia like vasoconstriction and increased heart rate are explained. The progression of shock and factors that can cause recovery or lead to irreversible shock are also summarized.
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The document discusses various types of shock including hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, septic, neurogenic, endocrine, and anaphylactic shock. It describes the etiology, clinical features, investigations, and management principles for each type. It also covers the severity of shock from mild to severe, the effects of shock on different organs, and introduces the concept of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome that can occur in shock.
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Hypovolemic shock results from trauma that causes blood loss, decreasing blood volume and lowering blood pressure. The body initially compensates through mechanisms like catecholamine release, but can progress to decompensated then irreversible shock if left untreated. Treatment focuses on fluid resuscitation through IV fluids to restore blood volume.
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart cannot adequately circulate blood, usually due to a heart attack damaging the left ventricle. It presents with pulmonary edema but normal blood pressures. Treatment centers on supportive care while the heart recovers.
Neurogenic shock is caused by spinal cord injury disrupting nerve signals, causing widespread vessel dilation and low blood pressure. It presents with warm skin and
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This document provides information on shock, including its definition, physiology, pathophysiology, types, symptoms, signs, management, and treatment. It defines shock as inadequate perfusion leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues. The stages of shock are described as initial, compensatory, progressive, and irreversible. Types of shock include cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, and obstructive shock. Signs and symptoms result from cellular hypoperfusion and include restlessness, tachycardia, decreased consciousness, nausea, and decreased urine output. Management involves treating the underlying cause, giving oxygen, intravenous fluids, and vasopressors if needed. The goal of treatment is
Shock in children
shock in pediatrics ,nelson , pals , shock in children , hypovolemic , cardiogenic , obstructive , distributive
Shock
The document discusses shock, including its pathophysiology, classification, severity, consequences, and resuscitation. It aims to provide medical students an understanding of shock. Shock is defined as a systemic state of low tissue perfusion inadequate for cellular respiration. Different types of shock are classified including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, and endocrine shock. The severity of shock ranges from compensated to decompensated to multiple organ failure. Consequences include cellular damage, organ dysfunction, and death. Resuscitation focuses first on fluid therapy and addressing hypovolemia, with vasopressors and inotropes as adjuncts depending on the shock type.
11- Shock.pdf
The document discusses shock, including:
1. Circulatory shock occurs when the circulatory system is unable to provide adequate circulation and tissue perfusion, leading to cellular hypoxia and energy deficit.
2. Shock is classified as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, or distributive. Hypovolemic shock results from blood or fluid loss while cardiogenic shock stems from heart problems reducing cardiac output.
3. During the reversible phase of hemorrhagic shock, compensatory mechanisms aim to maintain perfusion through vasoconstriction, tachycardia, fluid shifts, and hormonal responses. However, irreversible shock leads to organ dysfunction and failure without rapid intervention.
Shock2 drneerajjain
This document summarizes different types of shock:
1. Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, and endocrine shock are classified. Obstructive shock involves reduced cardiac filling from mechanical obstruction. Distributive shock features vasodilation and hypotension from conditions like sepsis.
2. Specific causes of different shock types are outlined, such as tension pneumothorax in obstructive shock and anaphylaxis in distributive shock.
3. Features of early and late septic shock are compared, showing progression from warm to cold shock with worsening end-organ dysfunction over time.
Shock.pptx
This document summarizes shock in children, including the different types (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, and septic), signs, symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment for each type. The main types of shock are defined as hypovolemic (decreased blood volume), cardiogenic (poor cardiac contractility), distributive (inadequate vasomotor tone), obstructive (restriction of cardiac chambers), and septic (complex interaction of multiple types of shock due to infection). Clinical manifestations include tachycardia, tachypnea, decreased urine output, and altered mental status. Treatment involves restoring circulating volume and tissue perfusion, treating the underlying cause, and using
Shock
1. Shock is defined as a state of low tissue perfusion resulting from inadequate oxygen and glucose delivery to cells. This causes cells to switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, leading to cell death if not corrected.
2. The pathophysiology of shock involves simultaneous cellular, microvascular, and systemic changes including metabolic acidosis, organ ischemia, immune system activation, and sympathetic nervous system response.
3. Shock is classified based on its underlying cause as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, or endocrine. Resuscitation priorities include addressing hypovolaemia with intravenous fluids before considering further treatment.
Shock
Shock is defined as inadequate tissue perfusion resulting in decreased oxygen delivery and buildup of waste, and can progress from early compensated stages to intermediate stages involving organ damage and late irreversible stages involving multiple organ failure. The document outlines the pathophysiology and stages of shock including effects on body systems, clinical markers, causes, and treatment focusing on restoring tissue perfusion through fluid resuscitation and management of the underlying cause.
The complication of shock with classification
This document contains lecture notes on circulatory shock. It defines shock as a state where there is widespread and serious reduction in tissue perfusion that can lead to impaired cellular function if prolonged. The document classifies and describes the causes, symptoms, and pathophysiology of different types of shock including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic), and discusses the body's compensatory mechanisms during shock like activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system. It outlines the progression from cellular hypoxia to organ dysfunction and failure if shock is not corrected.
Shock
This document provides information on shock, including its definition, types, pathophysiology, clinical features, and management. It defines shock as a state of inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation that can lead to organ dysfunction and death. The main types of shock discussed are hypovolemic, septic, and cardiogenic shock. For each type, the document outlines their pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and general management approach. Overall, it serves as an overview of shock for medical students, covering the essential details of definitions, types, effects on organ systems, and clinical distinctions between compensated and decompensated states of shock.
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Circulatory shock
- 2. CIRCULATORY SHOCK Syndrome in which there is inadequate tissue perfusion associated with relative or absolute decrease in cardiac output. TYPES Hypovolemic shock Distributive shock Cardiogenic shock Obstructive shock
- 3. HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK Commonest of all shocks. Common forms: Hemorrhagic, traumatic, surgical and burn shocks.
- 4. HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK Commonest of all shocks. Cause : Acute hemorrhage of more than 15ml/kg body weight. Features: Hypotension Tachycardia, Tachypnoea Restlessness Rapid and thready pulse Cold and pale skin Intense thirst Usually conscious
- 6. REVERSIBLE STAGE Rapid compensatory mechanisms Long-term compensatory mechanisms
- 7. RAPID COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS 1. Tachycardia 2. Vasoconstriction 3. Increased venous return 4. Increased thoracic pumping 5. Increased skeletal muscle pumping 6. Capillary fluid shift 7. Activation of chemoreceptor reflex 8. Activation of Cushing’s reflex 9. Increased secretion of Catecholamines 10. Increased secretion of vasopressin 11. Increased secretion of Cortisol 12. Activation of Rennin-Angiotensin system 13. Increased secretion of Aldosterone
- 8. LONG-TERM COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS 1. Increased synthesis of Erythropoietin 2. Increased plasma protein synthesis
- 9. IRREVERSIBLE SHOCK Compensatory mechanisms fail to improve body functions. Refractory shock or irreversible shock.
- 10. FEATURES Pre-capillary sphincters constrict Pre-capillary sphincters dilate Entry of bacteria into circulation Cardio-respiratory centres depressed Myocardial function decreases Disseminated intravascular coagulation Pulmonary microembolism
- 11. OTHER TYPES Distributive shock a) Anaphylactic shock b) Septic shock c) Endotoxic shock d) Neurogenic shock Cardiogenic shock Obstructive shock
- 12. TREATMENT OF SHOCK Blood transfusion Plasma transfusion Epinephrine Dopamine No sedatives Prevent over-warming of body