The document discusses Corning UniCam Pretium fiber optic connectors that provide exceptional optical performance without epoxy or polishing due to their laser-cleaved and factory-polished fiber stub. It also discusses how the Corning cable systems focus on customer-focused innovation and how their connectors enable less than 1 dB of insertion loss.
The second document discusses how the Fluke DTX Compact OTDR module can transform a cable tester into an OTDR, allowing technicians to perform fiber certification and troubleshooting. It notes how this could help businesses perform new fiber jobs and increase their revenue.
The third document discusses how Optical Cable Corporation has a network of distributors across the US to provide fiber optic cables to
OpenSplice.org is the forge hosting the OpenSplice DDS Open Source Project. This presentation goes into the details of how the community is managed, what are the processes behind release management as well as roadmap planning and technology incubators.
Webinar: eFolder Expert Series: BDR Pain Relief with Lloyd WolfDropbox
The math is simple: to keep BDR margins high, keep costs low. But how?
eFolder partner and BDR expert Lloyd Wolf breaks down the critical components of a highly reliable and low cost BDR solution.
Scrum ist ein empirisches Management-Framework, das es erlaubt, komplexe Aufgaben effektiv zu adressieren. Ralph Jocham bringt uns das Framework auf diesen Folien näher.
Productive parallel programming for intel xeon phi coprocessorsinside-BigData.com
In this video from Moabcon 2013, Bill Magro from Intel presents: Productive Parallel Programming for Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessors.
Learn more at:
http://www.adaptivecomputing.com/company/news-and-events/events/moabcon-2013/moabcon-2013-full-agenda/
and
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/high-performance-computing/high-performance-xeon-phi-coprocessor-brief.html
You can watch the video of this presentation at:
http://insidehpc.com/?p=36407
Ca partner day - application lifecycle optimization - milano e romaCA Technologies Italia
Sessione di approfondimento sulle soluzioni per eliminare i vincoli derivanti dallo sviluppo software tradizionale attraverso la virtualizzazione dei servizi.
The Future of IT Storage, by Tony Pearson -- Charts used during Infoboom webcast August 23, 2011. This session covers three topics, the changing shift in storage roles for SSD, Disk and Tape; the convergence of networks into a common data center network (Converged Enhanced Ethernet); and Cloud Computing implications for storage.
OpenSplice.org is the forge hosting the OpenSplice DDS Open Source Project. This presentation goes into the details of how the community is managed, what are the processes behind release management as well as roadmap planning and technology incubators.
Webinar: eFolder Expert Series: BDR Pain Relief with Lloyd WolfDropbox
The math is simple: to keep BDR margins high, keep costs low. But how?
eFolder partner and BDR expert Lloyd Wolf breaks down the critical components of a highly reliable and low cost BDR solution.
Scrum ist ein empirisches Management-Framework, das es erlaubt, komplexe Aufgaben effektiv zu adressieren. Ralph Jocham bringt uns das Framework auf diesen Folien näher.
Productive parallel programming for intel xeon phi coprocessorsinside-BigData.com
In this video from Moabcon 2013, Bill Magro from Intel presents: Productive Parallel Programming for Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessors.
Learn more at:
http://www.adaptivecomputing.com/company/news-and-events/events/moabcon-2013/moabcon-2013-full-agenda/
and
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/high-performance-computing/high-performance-xeon-phi-coprocessor-brief.html
You can watch the video of this presentation at:
http://insidehpc.com/?p=36407
Ca partner day - application lifecycle optimization - milano e romaCA Technologies Italia
Sessione di approfondimento sulle soluzioni per eliminare i vincoli derivanti dallo sviluppo software tradizionale attraverso la virtualizzazione dei servizi.
The Future of IT Storage, by Tony Pearson -- Charts used during Infoboom webcast August 23, 2011. This session covers three topics, the changing shift in storage roles for SSD, Disk and Tape; the convergence of networks into a common data center network (Converged Enhanced Ethernet); and Cloud Computing implications for storage.
Sobre els formats de festivals. El cas de la Festa Verdaguer de Folgueroles, ...lletres.gencat
Presentació de Carme Torrents sobre la Festa Literària Verdaguer, dins la II Trobada d'Organitzadors de Festivals Literaris de Vic. 18 de setembre de 2010
http://www.fdivoicebusiness.com877-257-6390
This is a presentation of the FDI business opportunity. For more info visit Facebook and search for FDI - A Better Way
Birds and Butterflies of the Alpine: Pipits, Arctics, and Fritillaries on Mou...Julie Hart
Presented 29 May 2009 at the 6th Northeast Alpine Stewardship Gathering in Lake Placid, NY. Showcases Vermont Center for Ecostudies' research on American Pipits, White Mountain Arctic, and White Mountain Fritillary on the Presidentials Range in New Hampshire.
As enterprises and their IT providers seek to harness the potential of cloud computing, their networks must be equipped with five essential elements:
1. High-bandwidth/low-latency switching
2. Convergence to Ethernet
3. Massive virtualization for agile workloads
4. Scalable management
5. Advanced energy efficiency
NTT Docomo's Challenge looking ahead the world pf 5G × OpenStack - OpenStack最...VirtualTech Japan Inc.
タイトル:NTT Docomo's Challenge looking ahead the world pf 5G × OpenStack
アジェンダ:
- Current Challenge
-- DOCOMO Cloud Platform
-- BizDevOps
- Challenge for the future
-- DOCOMO 5G Open Cloud
-- Next Challenge
Transform Your SAP Landscape Using EMC TechnologiesCenk Ersoy
This presentation highlights some of the EMC technologies for SAP environments. Benefits are improved performance, increased business continuity, simplified operations, reduced TCO.
Big Data and Cloud Storage -- A Recording Head Perspective - Herbert Linxuyunhao
Herbert Lin, VP of Western Digital, gave the talk at CAISS Annual Conference 2012, as part of the panel discussion: Storage Component Technologies - Enable Big Data and Make Better Cloud Computing.
Paper: Tracking Technical Debt- An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Yuepu Guo, Carolyn Seaman, Rebeka Gomes, Antonio Cavalcanti, Graziela Tonin, Fabio Q. B. Da Silva, André L. M. Santos, Clauirton Siebra
Session: Early Research Achievement Track Session 3
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...
Cim 20070701 jul_2007
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Our U.S. area of expertise.
No matter where you’re located, our fiber optic cable products are there. Optical Cable Corporation
has built a network of reliable stocking distributors and a dedicated sales team committed to
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5290 Concourse Drive • Roanoke, Virginia 24019 • Phone 540-265-0690 • www.occfiber.com
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Your network’s health is everything
R
ecently, I had occasion to A doctor had ordered radiologi- department will.
spend time in a special-care cal tests on a patient and required But even more striking was the
unit at a hospital—not as a the results “stat.” Now, I have seen doctor’s exasperation at being put
patient, but visiting for many hours enough episodes of ER (I’ll never on infinite hold twice, not by some
with a loved one who was a patient in admit to watching Grey’s Anatomy) automated answering system, but
the unit. Because all medical matters to know that “stat” means right away. by a real person. Then it dawned on
were resolved positively and this Two hours later, the doctor could me that the doctor, along with all her
member of my family came home find no results in the hospital’s data colleagues, relies first and foremost
healthy, I was able to reflect on my network. So, she called the radiology on the data network for the infor-
time in that hospital with some department desk, demanding to mation she needs. And there’s good
practicality rather than completely know why so much time had elapsed reason for this doctor to look for in-
emotionally. with no answers. The individual who formation in a database long before
And one or two answered the phone in the radiology looking for it from an individual.
of my observations department put the doctor on hold— We live in a fully connected world
made me think and kept her there. Frustrated, the whose human element is almost
about networking doctor called the desk again and always disconnected. We’ve had cell
and cabling. made the same demand. Unbeliev- phones forever and through Black-
But fi rst things ably, the same thing happened: on berries have been able to get our
first. While a visi- hold forever. e-mail from just about anywhere.
tor at the hospital, I So, the situation got escalated to the But how many phone messages go
was the beneficiary top-ranking member of the radiology unreturned? How many e-mails
of many comforts and accommoda- department. At that time, the doctor unanswered? The digital signals do
tions, one of which was the opportu- learned the results were, in fact, avail- their jobs by getting information
nity to spend time at my loved one’s able; the head of radiology read the from one point to another; it’s the
bedside any time of the day or night. results to the doctor over the phone, people who have become the black
As such, I witnessed more inner and the doctor went about caring for hole. I have been a frustrated mes-
workings of that environment than her patient based on the information sage-sender at times. I have also been
I ever imagined I would. That means she had just received. In an environ- a guilty non-returner of correspon-
I saw patients in various stages ment of such immediacy, the doctor dence. So, if I’m going to point a finger
of distress, and observed the quick quickly moved on to the next order anywhere, it will point to me first.
(and I don’t mind saying heroic) of business. She did not have the lux- The experience made me realize
actions of doctors and nurses who ury of stopping to either ponder or that many of the information sys-
literally saved at least one life in complain about the communication tems you build and use today have
front of my eyes. breakdown that had just taken place. become more relied-upon than
So, here are these health-care pro- I eavesdropped on this event with people. Scary. But not nearly as scary
viders working around the clock to interest because, after all, my loved as sitting by a loved one’s hospital
maintain the health of the patients in one could have been the next one for bed for a few days.
their care, or to restore their patients’ whom radiological test results were
health. They don’t need, and won’t needed stat. One thing that occurred
tolerate, something like a network to me was the information that was
interruption getting in their way. But supposed to be in the hospital’s da-
they almost did while I was watching. ta network and available to the doc-
While I’m sure there’s much more to tor, was not. A network problem? PATRICK McLAUGHLIN
Mc
the story than I saw and heard, I’ll Could be. Cabling-related? I’ll never Chief Editor
retell it from my vantage point. know, but hopefully the hospital’s IT patrick@pennwell.com
6 ■ July 2007 ■ Cabling Installation & Maintenance www.cable-install.com
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How many tools do you use to
Certify, Identify, Configure & Document
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conditions. Produce and print cable test schedules Lithium/ion battery
and cable test results. Qualify lines for VoIP usage. provides 8 continuous
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IDENTIFY active components of your network on Unlimited flash
the other end of the cable. Identify all types of equipment card memory
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and DHCP negotiation. Access IP addresses, ping equipment
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DOCUMENT the network with the included powerful
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existing Visio/AutoCAD drawings. Show
cables and equipment they connect to in
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‘Abandoned’ headaches begin early
Editor’s note: This month, we bring you a slice of “Best of Ask Donna” from tion Systems, Section 820.2 defines
years past. This column originally ran all the way back in February 2003, “Abandoned Coaxial Cable” as
so why did we take it out of mothballs now? The first question-and-answer “Installed coaxial cable that is not ter-
volley provides complementary information to another article running in minated at equipment other than a
this issue (see pages 25 and 26). When reading, please note that the portions coaxial connector and not identified
of the NEC discussed herein look essentially the same in the 2005 edition as for future use with a tag.”
they do in the 2002 edition. Article 830 Network-Powered
Then Donna finishes up with a question about the potential danger of lay- Broadband Communications Sys-
ing unshielded twisted-pair cables too neatly. It struck me as an eerie fore- tems, Section 830.2 defines “Aban-
shadowing of what the industry has been dealing with for the past couple doned Network-Powered Broadband
years. I hope you enjoy this month’s “Best of Ask Donna” and, even more Communications
importantly, find it useful.—Ed. Cable” as “Installed
network-powered
Q: I have a quick question. Could and Power-Limited Circuits, Sec- broadband com-
I get the exact wording of what tion 725.2 defines “Abandoned Class munications cable
the National Electrical Code 2002 2, Class 3, and PLTC Cable” as “in- that is not termi-
states concerning abandoned stalled Class 2, Class 3, and PLTC nated at equip-
cables in the plenum? cable that is not terminated at equip- ment other than a
Brent Clements ment and not identified for future connector and not
Rice University use with a tag.” identified for future
Houston, TX Article 760 Fire Alarm Systems, use with a tag.”
Section 760.2 defines “Abandoned So, what is this telling us? No-
A: The question may be quick, but Fire Alarm Cable” as “Installed fire tice the common thread, “and not
the answer certainly is not. Let’s alarm cable that is not terminated identified for future use with a tag.”
begin with the definitions of aban- at equipment other than a connec- Any cable addressed in these specific
doned cable. In NEC 2002, there tor and not identified for future use articles that is “tagged for future use”
are seven definitions for abandoned with a tag.” is not abandoned cable.
cable. Ironically, none are in Article Article 770 Optical Fiber Cables In some cases, having a connec-
100, the section on definitions (yet). and Raceways, Section 770.2 defines tor terminated at one end (audio dis-
Article 640 Audio Signal Pro- “Abandoned Optical Fiber Cable” as tribution cable; Class 2, Class 3, and
cessing, Amplification, and Repro- “Installed optical fiber cable that is PLTC Cable) or both ends (commu-
duction Equipment, Section 640.2 not terminated at equipment other nications cable) of the cable means
defines “Abandoned Audio Distri- than a connector and not identified that it is not abandoned cable.
bution Cable” as “installed audio for future use with a tag.” While in other cases, having the
distribution cable that is not termi- Article 800 Communications Cir- cable connected to equipment that
nated at equipment and not identi- cuits, Section 800.2 defines “Aban- is not a connector (fire alarm ca-
fied for future use with a tag.” doned Communications Cable” as ble; optical fiber cable; coaxial ca-
Article 725 Class 1, Class 2, and “Installed communications cable that ble; network-powered broadband
Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, is not terminated at both ends at a communications cable) means that
connector or other equipment and it is not an abandoned cable. In NEC
DONNA BALLAST is BICSI’s standards
s standards
not identified for future use with speak, a “connector” is “equipment,”
representative, and a BICSI registered
and a BICSI registered
communications distribution designer (RCDD).
distribution designer a tag.” and that is why the “equipment other
(RCDD). Send your question tovia e-mail:
Send your questions to Donna Donna at: Article 820 Community Anten- than a connector” verbiage is used.
dballast@swbell.net na Television and Radio Distribu- Most Sections [640.3(A); ➤
www.cable-install.com Cabling Installation & Maintenance ■ July 2007 ■ 9
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725.3(B); 760.3(A); 770.3(A); 800.52(B); You asked specifically about ple- Q: I was reviewing the discussion on the
820.3; 830(A)] only address the “acces- num spaces, but the same text applies BICSI Public Forum about laying cables
sible portion” of an abandoned cable to plenum, riser, and hollow spaces in parallel to each other in a fi xed physical
as “not be permitted to remain.” Arti- the building. If it is “abandoned” and relationship. I noticed that one comment
cle 100 defines “Accessible (as applied to “accessible,” take it out. said that the European norm addresses
wiring methods)” as “Capable of being Seven definitions for almost the same it to some degree. Do you know if any
removed or exposed without damag- term is a lot, even for the NFPA. So, for of the U.S. standards have intentions to
ing the building structure or finish or NEC 2005 the International Brother- address it? I have a client in New Jersey,
not permanently closed in by the struc- hood of Electrical Workers Codes and with a large data center, that is asking
ture or fi nish of the building.” … So, Standards Committee is proposing to me for input. At present they are laying
this is not a surgical removal in a fin- delete the current seven to add a new large bundles of cables into cable trays
ished space. But if the entire area of the definition to Article 100, which would and they want the cables combed as they
building is undergoing demolition for read: “Abandoned Cable. Installed are installed. I told them I would check
remodeling, then all of the cable should cable that is not terminated at both and let them know.
be accessible and removed. ends at equipment and not identified for Bobby Ashton, Jr.,
And then there is Article 645—the future use with a tag.” But so far the RCDD/LAN Specialist
one that did not bother to uniquely other “stakeholders,” who carefully South Windsor, CT
define “abandoned cable,” which is crafted the various definitions in their
only concerned with abandoned cable respective Articles, are not supportive A: Intentions, yes. At the TIA TR-42.1
that is not contained in metal raceway. of this “one-size-fits-all” approach. February 2002 meeting, a presentation
So, metal raceways full of dead cable It is going to be an interesting couple (TR 42.1-2002-013) was made, which ref-
under raised floors in data centers are of years. erenced a list of contributions, previously
not a concern? submitted to either the TR-42.7 Tele-
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communications Copper Cabling Sub- and the pathway is not overfilled, then have seen use seven cables—six disturb-
committee or the Cable Working Group, “alien crosstalk” should be one less net- ers and one victim cable. That would
dating from 1997 through 2002. Each of work anomaly you have to address. mean seven sets of field test instruments
these contributions had addressed some And what about testing? While your in use at the same time to test one cable
negative effect on the transmission per- network can certainly suffer from the link. And there are currently no pass/fail
formance of category UTP cabling effects, measuring alien crosstalk is not limits proposed or set.
caused by bundling or other similar something you want to attempt in the My advice: loosen up and avoid the
cabling installation practices. field. Most measurement models that I problem.
TR-42.1-2002-013 suggested that,
based on these contributions, a Study
Group be formed to develop informa-
tion on the expected variance in trans-
mission performance of cables that are
installed in close proximity.
TR-42.1-2002-013 further proposed
that once the work was completed and
validated, it would be drafted as a matrix,
and published as an informative Annex
to TIA/EIA-568B.1. The matrix would
include alien NEXT and FEXT for Cat-
egory 5e and Category 6 cables that are
tie-wrapped at specified intervals, cables
installed in a tray with 50% fi ll, cables
installed in a conduit with 40% fill, and
cables suspended on J-hooks.
Meanwhile, we will have to contin-
ue to scare our clients suffering from
“overneatness tendencies” using threats
of the dreaded “alien crosstalk.” You
are welcome to use the following. It has
worked for me in the past.
Cabling systems and network hard-
ware are designed to handle predict-
What’s at the core of your fiber?
able noise, like NEXT and FEXT, which
comes from within the same cable. This
is why when you remove the sheath from
a twisted-pair cable, each of the pairs is
twisted at a different rate.
But when UTP cables of the same con-
struction are neatly dressed and packed,
Chances are you don’t know. Some fiber manufacturers
you are inviting trouble. You are creating don’t specify bandwidth in the critical center region of
a quasi field-manufactured hybrid cable, the fiber. But when you select OFS’ LaserWave® OM3
because the twists are the same in each of fiber, you get outstanding performance right down to
the neighboring cables. This creates un- the core. LaserWave fiber delivers DMD specified in the
predictable noise between neighboring 0 – 5 micron range and up to twice the bandwidth for
lasers that launch power in the fiber’s center. Enjoy fast,
cables; the noise is called alien crosstalk.
reliable transmission and easier connectivity. To learn more,
And the neater the cables are laid, and the ask your cabler about OFS or visit ofsoptics.com/fiber.
closer you pack them together, the more
likely you are to experience the problem.
If the UTP cables are randomly laid
www.cable-install.com Cabling Installation & Maintenance ■ July 2007 ■ 11
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ALL HAIL THE NEW KING OF CARGO.
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Chrysler Financial is a business unit of DaimlerChrysler Financial Services.
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Mohawk’s pre-terminated fiber optic Plug’n Play
solutions combine ease of installation with the
flexibility to work with any corresponding fiber
cassette.
Whether long runs or short runs, Mohawk’s Plug’n Play
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Open Architecture
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www.cable-install.com design
The myths and realities
of shielded, screened cabling
A global standard since the 1980s,
screened and shielded twisted-pair cop-
per cabling varieties are still a mainstay
Potential users must separate fact
from fiction concerning noise immunity,
grounding, and the antenna effect.
in some markets. While many other mar-
kets have migrated largely to unshielded twisted-pair not yet be realized by early-generation twisted-pair design
(UTP) cables, the recent ratification of the 10GBase- and manufacturing capability. It is not surprising that this
T standard for 10-Gbit/sec Ethernet over copper has robust cabling type still supports some buildings today.
re-established the commercial viability of screened and By 1990, however, LAN industry experts began to recog-
shielded systems, and has fueled greater adoption of nize Ethernet’s performance and reliability advantages over
these systems in markets that
previously were UTP-centric. LAN noise sources
In this competitive landscape, H
many confusing and often con- Ve
E
tradictory messages are finding l
their way to the marketplace.
This article addresses common
questions, issues, and miscon-
ceptions regarding screened and h Vd
shielded cabling.
From Token Ring to Ethernet Vg
When LAN cabling emerged in Equipment Interconnect Work area outlet End-user device
the 1980s to support the first Source: Siemon
computer networks in commer-
cial building space, the networks typically deployed IBM This setup shows the three sources of noise for LAN cabling sys-
Token Ring transmission, which was standardized as tems. Differential noise (Vd) is induced from an adjacent twisted-
IEEE 802.5 in 1985. Cabling for Token Ring networks pair or balanced cable; environmental noise (Ve) is induced by
was IBM Type 1 cable—consisting of two loosely twist- an external electromagnetic field; and ground loop noise (Vg) is
ed, foil-shielded, 150-Ω pairs surrounded by an overall induced by a difference in potential between conductor ends.
braid—mated to unique hermaphroditic connectors.
This cabling was an optimum choice for support of first- Token Ring. Concurrently, twisted-pair design and man-
generation LAN topologies. Its design took advantage of ufacturing capabilities had progressed to the point where
the twisted-pair transmission protocol’s ability to individual foils were no longer required to provide inter-
maximize distance (Token Ring served distances up to nal crosstalk isolation, and overall shields were not neces-
100 meters) and data rates using cost-effective transceivers. sary to provide immunity against outside noise sources in
The foils and braid improved crosstalk and electromagnet- the 10Base-T and 100Base-T bands of operation.
ic compatibility (EMC) performance to levels that could Publication of the 10Base-T application in 1990, and
the first edition TIA/EIA-568 cabling standard the fol-
VALERIE RYBINSKI is global sales engineer with Siemon (www.siemon.com). lowing year, in conjunction with the lower cost as- ➤
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sociated with UTP cabling, firmly established UTP as the While this bandwidth provides more than sufficient noise
medium of choice for new LAN networks. immunity for such applications as 100Base-T and 1000Base-T,
Shannon Capacity modeling demonstrates that this level pro-
Balancing act vides no headroom to the minimum 10GBase-T noise immu-
The benefit of specifying balanced twisted-pair cabling for nity requirements. The use of shielding, however,
data transmission is clearly demonstrated by examining the significantly improves noise immunity, doubles the available
types of signals present in building environments. Electrical Shannon Capacity, and substantially increases practical oper-
signals can propagate in either common mode or differential ating bandwidths for future applications.
(i.e., “balanced”) mode.
Common mode describes a signal scheme between two con- Noise and immunity
ductors in which the voltage propagates in phase and is ref- Modal conversion is an effect of degraded twisted-pair signal bal-
erenced to ground. Examples of common mode transmission ance above 30 MHz, which occurs when differential mode signals
include DC circuits, building power, cable TV, heating/venti- convert to common mode signals, and vice versa. The conversion
lation/air-conditioning (HVAC) circuits, and security devices. can adversely impact noise immunity from the environment
Electromagnetic noise induced from disturbers, such as as well as contribute to crosstalk between pairs and balanced
motors, transformers, fluorescent lights, and radio-frequency cables, and must be minimized whenever possible. Shielding
(RF) sources, also propagates in common mode. Virtually can decrease the potential for modal conversion by limiting
every signal and disturber type in the building environment noise coupled onto the twisted-pair from the environment.
propagates in common mode, with one notable exception— All applications require positive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
twisted-pair cabling, which is optimized for balanced, or dif- margins to transmit within allocated bit error rate (BER)
ferential mode, transmission. levels. This means that the data signal being transmitted must
Differential mode transmission refers to two signals that have be of greater magnitude than all of the combined noise dis-
equal magnitudes, but are 180° out of phase, and that propa- turbers coupled onto the transmission line—i.e., the struc-
gate over two conductors of a twisted pair. In a balanced cir- tured cabling.
cuit, two signals are referenced to each other rather than one Noise can be coupled onto twisted-pair cabling in any or
signal being referenced to ground. There is no ground con- all of three ways.
nection in a balanced circuit and, as a result, these types of • Differential noise: Noise induced from an adjacent twist-
circuits are inherently immune to interference from most com- ed-pair or balanced cable;
mon mode noise disturbers. • Environmental noise: Noise induced by an external elec-
In theory, common mode noise couples equally onto each tromagnetic field;
conductor of a perfectly balanced twisted-pair. Differen- • Ground loop noise: Noise induced by a difference in poten-
tial mode transceivers detect the difference in peak-to-peak tial between conductor ends.
magnitude between the two signals on a twisted pair by per- Different applications have varying sensitivity to interfer-
forming a subtraction operation. In a perfectly balanced ence from these three noise sources, depending upon their
cabling system, the induced common mode signal would capabilities. For example, the 10GBase-T application is com-
appear as two equal voltages that are simply subtracted out by monly recognized to be extremely sensitive to alien crosstalk
the transceiver, thereby resulting in perfect noise immunity. (differential mode cable-to-cable coupling) because its digi-
In the real world, however, twisted-pair cables are not per- tal signal processing (DSP) capability electronically cancels
fectly balanced, and their limitations must be understood by internal pair-to-pair crosstalk within each channel. Unlike
application developers and system specifiers. pair-to-pair crosstalk, alien crosstalk cannot be cancelled by
TIA and ISO/IEC committees take extreme care in speci- DSP. Conversely, because the magnitude of alien crosstalk is
fying balance parameters, such as transverse conversion loss very small compared to pair-to-pair crosstalk, the presence of
(TCL), transverse converse transfer loss (TCTL), and equal- alien crosstalk minimally impacts the performance of other
level transverse converse transfer loss (ELTCTL) in their applications, such as 100Base-T and 1000Base-T, that employ
standards for higher-grade (Category 6 and above) struc- partial or no crosstalk-cancelling algorithms.
tured cabling. By examining the performance limits for these EMC describes both a system’s susceptibility to interfer-
parameters and noting when they start to approach the noise ence from, and potential to disturb, outside sources. It is an
isolation tolerance required by various Ethernet applica- important indicator of a system’s ability to co-exist with other
tions, it becomes clear that the practical operating bandwidth electronic/electrical devices. Noise immunity and emissions per-
(defined by acceptable levels of common mode noise immu- formance is reciprocal, meaning that the cabling system’s abil-
nity due to balance) is approximately 30 MHz. ity to maintain immunity to interference is proportional ➤
16 ■ July 2007 ■ Cabling Installation & Maintenance www.cable-install.com
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to the system’s potential to radiate. Interestingly, while the outermost conductive element of the cabling—the conduc-
unnecessary emphasis is placed on immunity considerations, tors themselves in a UTP environment, and the overall screen/
it is understood that structured cabling systems do not radi- shield in a screened/fully shielded environment.
ate or interfere with other equipment or systems in the tele- Again, through the means of calculations, what becomes
communications environment. readily apparent is that the common mode impedance is not
Here’s a more detailed look at the various noise disturbers: very well controlled in UTP environments. This impedance
Differential noise disturbers. Alien crosstalk and internal depends on factors such as distance from metallic raceways,
pair-to-pair crosstalk are examples, and must be minimized metallic structures surrounding the pairs, use of non-metallic
through proper cabling-system design. Susceptibility to inter- raceways, and termination location. Conversely, this common
ference from differential mode sources is dependent upon sys- mode impedance is well defined and controlled in screened/
tem balance and can be improved by isolating or separating shielded cabling environments.
conductors that are interfering with each other. Cabling with Importantly, the overall susceptibility of twisted-pair
improved balance—Category 6 and above—exhibits better cables to electric field disturbance depends on both the bal-
internal crosstalk and alien crosstalk performance. Because no ance performance of the cabling and the presence of a screen
cable is perfectly balanced, strategies such as using dielectric or shield. Well-balanced cables (Category 6 and above) should
material to separate conductors or using metal foil to isolate be immune to electromagnetic interference up to 30 MHz. The
conductors are employed to further improve crosstalk perfor- presence of a shield or screen is necessary to avoid electromag-
mance. For example, Category 6A F/UTP cabling is proven to netic interference at higher frequencies, which is an especially
have substantially superior alien crosstalk performance than critical consideration for next-generation applications.
Category 6A UTP cabling because its overall foil construction For example, it is reasonable to model that an emerging
reduces alien crosstalk to virtually zero. Category 7 S/FTP is application using DSP techniques will require a minimum
proven to have substantially superior pair-to-pair and alien SNR of 20 dB at 100 MHz. Because the minimum isolation
crosstalk performance than any Category 6A cabling design yielded by balance alone is also 20 dB at 100 MHz, the addition
because its individual foiled twisted-pair construction reduc- of a screen or shield is necessary to ensure this application has
es pair-to-pair and alien crosstalk coupling to virtually zero. sufficient noise immunity headroom for operation.
These superior crosstalk levels could not be achieved solely Ground loops. These develop when there is more than one
through compliant balance performance. ground connection, and the difference in common mode volt-
Environmental noise disturbers. Environmental noise age potential at these ground connections induces noise on the
is electromagnetic noise made up of magnetic fields gener- cabling. It is a misconception that common mode noise from
ated by inductive coupling, and electric fields generated by ground loops can only appear on screens and shields; this noise
capacitive coupling. Magnetic field coupling occurs at low regularly appears on the twisted pairs as well. A key point about
frequencies, such as 50 or 60 Hz, where the balance of the the voltage generated by ground loops is that its waveform is
cabling system is more than sufficient to ensure immunity. Its directly related to the profi le of the building’s alternating
impact can be ignored for all types of balanced cabling. Elec- current (AC) power. In the United States, the primary noise
tric fields, however, can produce common mode voltages on frequency is 60 Hz and its related harmonic, which is often
balanced cables depending on their frequency. The magni- referred to as AC “hum.” In other regions of the world, the pri-
tude of the voltage induced can be modeled, assuming that the mary noise frequency is 50 Hz and its related harmonic.
cabling system is susceptible to interference in the same Because each twisted pair is connected to a balun transformer
manner as a loop antenna. and common mode noise rejection circuitry at both ends of
Mathematical formulas demonstrate that a 60-Hz signal the circuit—the network interface card (NIC) and the network
results in an electric field disturbance that can only be mea- equipment—differences in the turn ratios and common mode
sured in the thousands-of-mV (millivolt) range, while sources ground impedances can result in common mode noise. The
operating in the MHz range can generate a fairly large electric magnitude of the induced noise on the twisted pairs can be
field disturbance. For reference, 3 Volts/meter (V/m) is consid- reduced, but not eliminated, through the use of common mode
ered to be a reasonable approximation of the average electric terminations, chokes, and filters within the equipment.
field present in a light industrial/commercial environment, and Ground loops induced on the screen/shield typically
10 V/m is considered to be a reasonable approximation of the occur because of a difference in potential between the ground
average electric field present in an industrial environment. connection at the telecommunications grounding busbar
The loop area is the one variable that impacts the magnitude (TGB) and the building ground connection provided through
of the voltage coupled by the electric field. Common mode cur- the network equipment chassis at the work-area end of the
rents generated by an electric field induce unwanted signals on cabling. Note that it is not mandatory for equipment ➤
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1990s
1970s Shielded
“Vampire” Modular
Tap Jack
1980s
4 Position
Data
Connector
Follow The Leader In Shielded Technology
The new AMP-TWIST Jack is our latest
shielded product evolution. It can be
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Tyco Electronics has always been forward, have been the leading Proceed With Confidence
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twisted pair cabling products in the by far the best choice for today’s is the best choice for your structured
early ‘80s – and from that point 10 G performance requirements. cabling needs.
Tyco Electronics, TE Logo, AMP AMP NETCONNECT, NETCONNECT, and AMP-TWIST are trademarks.
,
Other products, logos, and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.
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