chronic Kidney Disease in Sri Lanka risk factors
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The document discusses chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). It begins by introducing kidney functions and defining CKDu. It then lists major causal factors as fixed factors, behavioral factors, and biomedical factors. For the Sri Lankan situation, it notes CKDu was identified in 2000 and discusses hotspot districts. It explores possible roles of cadmium, uranium, fluoride, mycotoxins, aluminum utensils, and other factors in CKDu. The document suggests awareness raising, multidisciplinary research, following agrochemical recommendations, and promoting water filtering as steps to address CKDu.
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This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKDu) affecting farming families in Sri Lanka and proposes solutions to prevent it through access to clean water. It notes that CKDu has reached crisis levels and causes immense suffering. Possible solutions discussed include using rainwater harvesting, which provides free, chemically pure water and is a cheaper alternative to water transportation. Calculations show an 8000L rainwater storage tank could provide a family's water needs during dry months at a lower cost than dialysis treatment. The Rain Water Harvesting Forum constructs such systems and educates communities on their benefits.
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1) The document discusses chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) which has affected many people in Sri Lanka since 2000.
2) It identifies several potential factors that may contribute to CKD including cadmium, uranium, and fluoride in water; use of aluminum utensils; mycotoxins; and malnutrition.
3) The document suggests increasing awareness, multidisciplinary research, following recommendations for agrochemical use, and promoting safer water and cooking practices as ways to address CKDu in Sri Lanka.
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This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition, stages, causes, complications, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management. CKD is defined as irreversible kidney damage or reduced glomerular filtration rate lasting over 3 months. The leading causes are diabetes and hypertension. As CKD progresses, complications arise affecting multiple body systems. Treatment aims to slow progression, manage complications, and prepare for kidney replacement if needed.
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This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as the presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for three or more months. Key points include:
- CKD is defined based on evidence of kidney damage through structural abnormalities found on biopsy, imaging, or urine tests, or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73m2.
- Common causes of CKD include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, cystic kidney diseases, and vascular diseases.
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This document discusses Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. It provides background on areas affected and key facts about CKDu cases and deaths. It explores potential environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to CKDu, including fluoride, cadmium, arsenic, and cyanobacterial toxins. Symptoms of CKDu are described. The document concludes with suggestions to increase awareness and promote strategies like safe water consumption and handling to address CKDu.
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Chronic kidney disease is a spectrum of conditions associated with progressive kidney function decline and damage. It is increasingly prevalent due to rising rates of diabetes and hypertension. Management involves identifying the underlying cause, calculating GFR to stage severity, investigating for complications, and slowing progression. Treatment focuses on managing complications through diet, medication, and preparing patients for renal replacement therapies like dialysis and transplantation if kidney failure occurs. The goal is optimizing quality of life and outcomes through a coordinated multidisciplinary approach.
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Research is important for advancing knowledge in nutrition and healthcare. Several national nutrition surveys in Pakistan from 1965 to 2011 have identified high levels of malnutrition but interventions have had limited success. Nutrition experts need to play a stronger leadership role in conducting research that identifies the root causes of malnutrition and assesses the impact of cultural factors. The Tawana Pakistan Project from 2002-2005, which took a participatory, multisectoral approach, was more effective at reducing malnutrition than typical interventions. More research training is needed for nutrition professionals to strengthen the research culture in Pakistan.
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Dietary fibre refers to indigestible parts of plant foods that pass through the digestive system. It includes polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lignin and associated plant substances. Dietary fibre promotes beneficial effects like regular bowel movements and reduced blood cholesterol and blood glucose levels. Sources of fibre include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans and nuts. Adequate fibre intake is recommended for health, with potential benefits including reduced risk of obesity, heart disease, and colon cancer. However, suddenly increasing fibre intake can cause gastrointestinal issues in some people.
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- Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules and serve important functions like energy storage, structure, and encoding biologic information through oligosaccharide chains.
- Monosaccharides can exist as cyclic or linear structures and take on different configurations that impact their chemical and physical properties. Common techniques like mutarotation, osazone formation, and oxidation reactions are used to characterize carbohydrates.
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Essential fatty acid deficiencies can cause skin problems like dry, scaly rashes and slower wound healing. They may also lead to cognitive issues like learning deficits and increased dementia risk due to lack of important fats like DHA for brain and eye development. Consuming too much fat can result in obesity, constipation, atherosclerosis, and increased cancer risk due to factors like high cholesterol, low fiber intake, and overweight conditions straining the body. Maintaining a well-balanced diet is important to avoid deficiencies or excesses of fats.
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This document outlines the history, properties, and uses of chlorine. It discusses how chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Carl Scheele and named an element in 1810 by Humphry Davy. Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas that is highly reactive. It is used as a disinfectant in water treatment and has many industrial applications. The document also details chlorine's physical and chemical properties, electron configuration, common reactions, health effects from exposure, and methods of preparation.
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This patient has stage 5 chronic kidney disease with several complications including anemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. He is a 46-year-old male with a history of hypertension for over 20 years who now requires hemodialysis. A nutritional assessment found him to be mildly overweight with biochemical indicators consistent with renal failure and anemia. A diet was prescribed providing 1900 calories, 70g protein, 55g fat, and 245g carbohydrates to meet his nutritional needs while undergoing hemodialysis treatment.
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This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKDu) affecting farming families in Sri Lanka and proposes solutions to prevent it through access to clean water. It notes that CKDu has reached crisis levels and causes immense suffering. Possible solutions discussed include using rainwater harvesting, which provides free, chemically pure water and is a cheaper alternative to water transportation. Calculations show an 8000L rainwater storage tank could provide a family's water needs during dry months at a lower cost than dialysis treatment. The Rain Water Harvesting Forum constructs such systems and educates communities on their benefits.
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1) The document discusses chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) which has affected many people in Sri Lanka since 2000.
2) It identifies several potential factors that may contribute to CKD including cadmium, uranium, and fluoride in water; use of aluminum utensils; mycotoxins; and malnutrition.
3) The document suggests increasing awareness, multidisciplinary research, following recommendations for agrochemical use, and promoting safer water and cooking practices as ways to address CKDu in Sri Lanka.
Hypotheses (published) on the aetiology of CKDu in Sri Lanka 15 march2016
List of publications on CKDu, presenting various hypotheses on the aetiology of the disease, in the chronological order of publication
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Chronic kidney disease is defined as kidney damage or reduced kidney function (glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73m2) lasting at least 3 months. It is a progressive condition that leads to complete kidney failure if left untreated. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Symptoms are often nonspecific until late stages and include fatigue, pruritis, and neurological problems. Treatment focuses on slowing progression through blood pressure control and managing complications like anemia, bone disease, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Dialysis or kidney transplantation are required once kidney function has declined sufficiently.
chronic kidney disease.ppt
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition, stages, causes, complications, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management. CKD is defined as irreversible kidney damage or reduced glomerular filtration rate lasting over 3 months. The leading causes are diabetes and hypertension. As CKD progresses, complications arise affecting multiple body systems. Treatment aims to slow progression, manage complications, and prepare for kidney replacement if needed.
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This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as the presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function for three or more months. Key points include:
- CKD is defined based on evidence of kidney damage through structural abnormalities found on biopsy, imaging, or urine tests, or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73m2.
- Common causes of CKD include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, cystic kidney diseases, and vascular diseases.
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This document discusses Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. It provides background on areas affected and key facts about CKDu cases and deaths. It explores potential environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to CKDu, including fluoride, cadmium, arsenic, and cyanobacterial toxins. Symptoms of CKDu are described. The document concludes with suggestions to increase awareness and promote strategies like safe water consumption and handling to address CKDu.
Approach and management of chronic kidney disease sandeep
Chronic kidney disease is a spectrum of conditions associated with progressive kidney function decline and damage. It is increasingly prevalent due to rising rates of diabetes and hypertension. Management involves identifying the underlying cause, calculating GFR to stage severity, investigating for complications, and slowing progression. Treatment focuses on managing complications through diet, medication, and preparing patients for renal replacement therapies like dialysis and transplantation if kidney failure occurs. The goal is optimizing quality of life and outcomes through a coordinated multidisciplinary approach.
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease occurs when the kidneys are damaged and cannot effectively remove waste from the blood. It is usually caused by conditions that damage the kidneys such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease. While CKD has no cure, early treatment can slow its progression and prevent kidney failure. The document provides details on stages of CKD and codes for classifying and documenting CKD and related conditions.
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Jtw 20 t worm screw jack, 20 ton linear actuator lead screw jack, 200 kn scre...Jacton Electromechanical Co.,Ltd
Jtw 20 t worm screw jack, 20 ton linear actuator lead screw jack, 200 kn screw thread actuator lift, 50000 lbs worm screw actuator, worm gear screw actuator, worm gear linear actuator features:
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- 4. INTRODUCTION Function of kidneys • Filter out waste product from blood • Control blood pressure • Make hormones • Maintain salt and chemical in right level
- 5. Gradual reductions of kidney functions without showing Symptoms. This kind of abnormality notice as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKDu), First evidence 1950 Europe- Balkan region Sri Lanka- 2000 Chronic: means ongoing , INTRODUCTION cont..
- 6. Major three causal factors 1) Fixed factors 2) Behavioral factors 3) Biomedical factors INTRODUCTION cont..
- 7. Fixed factors Family history and genetic, Increasing age, Previous kidney damage, Low birth weight Male sex INTRODUCTION cont..
- 8. Behavioral factors Tobacco smoking, physical inactivity a poor nutrition Biomedical factors Diabetes High blood pressure Cardiovascular disease Over weight and obesity INTRODUCTION cont..
- 9. INTRODUCTION cont.. Blood test – creatinine Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Urine analysis- Protein or red blood cells Renal biopsy - removing a small sample of kidney tissue
- 12. Definition CKD is a progressive loss of renal function over a period of months or years. The symptoms of worsening kidney function are unspecific, and might include feeling generally unwell and experiencing a reduced appetite. (www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic kidney disease) WHAT IS CKDu
- 13. SRILANKAN SITUATION Identified year 2000 Last five years 6000 cases Districts Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Kurunegala Trincomale Ampara CKDu hot spot in SriLanka, (Source: http://www.docstoc.com/docs)
- 15. CADMIUM CONT.. Natural cadmium levels in the environment • Atmosphere 0.1 - 5 ng/m³ • Earth's crust 0.1 - 0.5 µg/g • Marine sediment ~ 1 µg/g • Sea water ~0.1 µg/l
- 16. URANIUM No research in SriLanka Positive relationship with CKDu (RNSA-UK) Safety level 2µg/L to 30µg/L (WHO) Some Dry zone soil (U) - 3.6mg/Kg Triple Super Phosphate chemical kidney toxicity (less radiation impact) Solution –drilled well Bedrock-uranium-rich granitoids and granites
- 17. FLUORIDE One of major element dry zone water Recommended level 1.5 mg/L Tropical countries 0.8 mg/L Dry zone some area exceed 5 mg/L Life time exposure 4 mg/L cause to CKDu (NKF-US) Sodium-fluoride is toxic to kidney
- 18. FLUORIDE cont.. Fluoride distribution the ground water SriLanka in ppm, C.B Dissanayaka, 2005) Distribution of fluoride in deep well in SriLanka (C.B Dissanayaka, 2005) CKDu hot spot in SriLanka (M.A.C.S. Jayasumana, 2009
- 19. ECO-FRIENDLY SOLUTION 1.BREADFRUIT •Scientific name - Artocarpus altilis •Indigenous solution -Indonesia •Boil half matured leaves •Drink water 2.MURUNGA •Scientific name – Moringa oleifera •Indigenous solution - India , Africa •Seed cake- water purification •Colloidal function -Bacteria and chemical element
- 21. MYCOTOXIN • Ochratoxin-A • Fungi species Penicillium Aspergillus • Nephrotoxic. • Oryza sativa and Glycine max storage and processing same water for soaking grains Dry zone climate
- 22. HERBAL MEDICINE • No research in SriLanka • China and Taiwan have done • Positive relationship with CKDu Aristolochic acid – Renal failure • Not popular in Dry zone SriLanka
- 23. ALUMINUM UTENSILS • Commonly use • Cheap and low quality • Toxic compound with fluoride - (ALF x) • Effect to the kidney
- 25. PHYTO-REMIDIATE PLANTS Plants Tank eco system Irrigation canals Paddy fields EX:- Nelumbo nucifera (Nelum) Ipomoea aquatica (Kangkung) Alternanthera triandra Lam (Mukunuwenne)
- 26. Considerable other factors ARSENIC Recommendation - 10 µg/L (WHO) SriLanka -100 µg/L to 200 µg/L Ingredient - Agrochemical and pesticide SELENIUM selenium - co-factor for enzymes Deficiency- positively impact on CKDu NITROGEN / PHOSPHOROUS Nitrate recommendation - 10mg/L Dry zone water - 10mg/L to 30mg/L Phosphate level is very higher
- 27. Considerable Other Factors Cont.. MAL-NUTRITION Extreme in Dry zone DRUGS BEVERAGES JOB FACTOR GENETIC FACTOR UNKNOWN OTHER FACTORS
- 28. SUGGESTIONS • Increase people awareness on CKDu • Multidisciplinary research approach • Fallow Recommendation for Agrochemicals • Promote mud-domestic utensils • Promote heat water consumption • Promote water filtering habit
- 30. Do what you can, with what you have, where you are (Theodore Roosevelt) CKDu