organic chemistry short description about chirality

1. Chirality in the nature
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PRESENTED BY:
PESHAWA MOHAMMED IBRAHIM

2. What is chirality
 A molecule that is not identical to its mirror image is said
to be chiral.
 “Handedness”: right glove doesn’t fit the left hand.
 Mirror-image object is different from the original object

3. A molecule that can’t be a chiral
 You can’t take a chiral molecule and its enantiomer and place
one on the other so that all atoms coincide
 A molecule is not chiral if it has a plane of symmetry.
 A plane of symmetry is a plane that cuts through the middle
of a molecule in such a way that one half of the molecule or
object is a mirror image of the other half.

4. A plane of symmetry
 A laboratory flask, has a plane of symmetry.
If you were to cut the flask in half, one half
would be a mirror image of the other half

5. Chirality of an organic compound
 The most common, cause of chirality in an organic molecule is
the presence of a tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four
different groups—for example, the central carbon atom in
lactic acid. Such carbons are referred to as chirality centers,
although other terms such as stereocenter, asymmetric center,
and stereogenic center have also been used. Note that
chirality is a property of the entire molecule, whereas a
chirality center is the cause of chirality

6. Tetrahedral carbon

7. Chirality in the chemistry
 A chiral molecule is a type of molecule that has a non-
superposable mirror image. The feature that is most often the
cause of chirality in molecules is the presence of
an asymmetric carbon atom.
 The term chiral in general is used to describe the object that
is non-Superposable on its mirror image.

8. What is chiral atom
 is atom that is attached to four different types of atoms or
groups of atoms.

9. Examples of chiral and achiral

10. S and R configuration

11. Using Cahn Ingold Prelog Priority
Rules.
 Look at the four atoms directly attached to the chirality
center, and rank them according to atomic number. The
atom with the highest atomic number has the highest ranking
(first), and the atom with the lowest atomic number (usually
hydrogen) has the lowest ranking (fourth).

12. S and R configuration
 clockwise, we say that the chirality center has the R configuration
 counterclockwise, the chirality center has the S configuration

13. Examples of S and R configuration

15. Resources
 1.Organic Chemistry 8th edition by J. McMurry. 2012, pp.142-158
 2.https://www.google.ge/#q=examples+of+chiral+and+achiral+molecules
 3.https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/chapt11.htm
 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WW6oAqVNBR8
 5. http://www.ochempal.org/index.php/alphabetical/q-r/rs-convention/

16. Thank you for your attention
Peshawa mangury