OBOR(One Belt One Road) is a strategic move of China to enhance land and sea communication with Asia,Europe and Russia.PWC paper goes in its genesis.In may 2017 OBOR seminar held in China were attended by all important countries but India decided to boycott the same
Part 2-How China’s Belt and Road Initiative is Transforming Global Infrastruc...Pamir Law Group
Lessons Learned/Case Studies: How China’s Belt and Road Initiative (“BRI”) is Transforming Global Infrastructure and Connectivity to Empower Indigenous/International Entrepreneurs to Create Jobs, Transfer Technology and Generate Wealth and Change the Future of Economic Development. Through a series of fast moving slides and photographs the audience could see how the BRI was redrawing the geopolitical supply chain and connectivity across many regions and that the changes were not just concrete and steel but also transformative through the internet and financial supports. The narrative was far broader than the narrow western media focus on debt trap. It was noted that financing of infrastructure always had a cost of money and with the revenues generated economic development was possible. The presentation provided examples of how state infrastructure investment brought private entrepreneurs and corporate investment which generated jobs, job training, middle class, managerial class development and new export industries and revenues along with largely local hiring by Chinese companies. With the anticipated loss of over 300 million manufacturing jobs in China in the next few years, nations that prepared stood to benefit from the transfers to change their national trajectories and the velocities on those raised trajectories.
An update on China’s commitment to building an infrastructure in countries covered by this initiative, and the challenges and opportunities it represents to General Counsel.
Many people think that One Belt One Road Initiative is about China. In reality, this is a transport highway between China and more than 64 countries in Asia, Europe and Africa. To find out how you too can benefit from this Belt Road Initiative or One Belt One Road, contact Andy Ng at 65-82014347 now
Part 2-How China’s Belt and Road Initiative is Transforming Global Infrastruc...Pamir Law Group
Lessons Learned/Case Studies: How China’s Belt and Road Initiative (“BRI”) is Transforming Global Infrastructure and Connectivity to Empower Indigenous/International Entrepreneurs to Create Jobs, Transfer Technology and Generate Wealth and Change the Future of Economic Development. Through a series of fast moving slides and photographs the audience could see how the BRI was redrawing the geopolitical supply chain and connectivity across many regions and that the changes were not just concrete and steel but also transformative through the internet and financial supports. The narrative was far broader than the narrow western media focus on debt trap. It was noted that financing of infrastructure always had a cost of money and with the revenues generated economic development was possible. The presentation provided examples of how state infrastructure investment brought private entrepreneurs and corporate investment which generated jobs, job training, middle class, managerial class development and new export industries and revenues along with largely local hiring by Chinese companies. With the anticipated loss of over 300 million manufacturing jobs in China in the next few years, nations that prepared stood to benefit from the transfers to change their national trajectories and the velocities on those raised trajectories.
An update on China’s commitment to building an infrastructure in countries covered by this initiative, and the challenges and opportunities it represents to General Counsel.
Many people think that One Belt One Road Initiative is about China. In reality, this is a transport highway between China and more than 64 countries in Asia, Europe and Africa. To find out how you too can benefit from this Belt Road Initiative or One Belt One Road, contact Andy Ng at 65-82014347 now
Last week KWM Perth ran a very successful seminar on One Belt One Road where we were happy to host the Consul General Dr. Huang Qinguo as the guest speaker. Partners Rob Edel and Katherine Vines were the presenters. If you would like to find out more about OBOR let us know.
The proposed Vizhinjam International Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport is an ambitious project taken up by Government of Kerala. The project is proposed to follow Landlord Port Model. The Port will be at Vizhinjam, near Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, India with a quay length of 2000 meters in three phases.
Summary: China's "One Belt One Road" Initiative: Insights for Finland. Team F...Team Finland Future Watch
What implications on business in shorter and longer term does the largest infrastructure initiative of our time - China’s “One Belt One Road” - provide for Finnish companies and for Europe in strategic terms? Team Finland Future Watch is contributing to the discussion by providing two studies on the subject: one for China and one for Kazakhstan. The following report is about the China’s OBOR initiative.
This Presentation covered all the information about China Pakistan Economic Corridor. A complete report on CPEC Projects, Investors, Company Profiles, Energy System and Infrastructure.
CRUISE TERMINAL - Thesis research writingJasmine Sidhu
“Cruise terminal is a project with a long gestation period and revenue from terminal operation, when compared to the investment, may not be attractive. Considering this fact, we propose a mix of commercial activities together with the main business.”
One Belt One Road Greater Mekong Subregion-Economic Corridors and MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Program comprises Cambodia, two provinces of the People’s Republic of China, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
One of the main focuses of the GMS Program is to improve connectivity in the subregion through strengthening linkages in transport, energy, and telecommunications. The GMS Program provides assistance to the facilitation of cross-border transport of goods and people in GMS. It also aids the implementation of high priority projects on regional public goods as well as in various other sectors.
The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road, better known as the One Belt and One Road Initiative (OBOR), The Belt and Road (B&R) and The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (OBOR) is a development strategy proposed by China's paramount leader Xi Jinping that focuses on connectivity and cooperation between Eurasian countries, primarily the People's Republic of China (PRC), the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the oceangoing Maritime Silk Road (MSR). The strategy underlines China's push to take a larger role in global affairs with a China-centered trading network. It was unveiled in September and October 2013 for SREB and MSR respectively. It was also promoted by Premier Li Keqiang during the state visit to Asia and Europe and the most frequently mentioned concept in the People's Daily in 2016. It was initially called One Belt and One Road, but in mid-2016 the official English name was changed to the Belt and Road Initiative due to misinterpretations of the term one. In the past three years, the focuses were mainly on infrastructure investment, construction materials, railway and highway, automobile, real estate, power grid, and iron and steel.
The directions of development of the new Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (...Przegląd Politologiczny
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the directions of development
of the new Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI) or ‘One Belt, One Road’ (OBOR) as a project
launched by China to develop countries and improve global connectivity. First unveiled in 2013 by
Chinese President Xi Jinping, the initiative continues to grow in scale and popularity. The initiative is
focused on creating networks that will allow for a more efficient and productive free flow of trade as
well as further integration of international markets both physically and digitally. BRI is comprised of
the ‘21st Century Maritime Silk Road’ and the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt;’ together they will connect
more than 65 countries making up over 62% of the world’s population, around 35% of the world’s trade
and over 31% of the world’s GDP. It will take the form of a series of highways, railways and ports as
well as facilities for energy, telecommunications, healthcare and education. It must be emphasized that
the initiative merges both the land-based Silk Road (from China via Central Asia to Turkey and the EU)
with the Maritime Route (via the Indian Ocean and Africa to Europe). Both routes were created with the
intention of developing transportation infrastructure, facilitating economic development and increasing
trade. This 21st-century initiative is not merely for China to romanticize its historical legacies: it carries
major strategic economic and geopolitical calculations. The EU must decide now if and how to engage
in these emerging processes. The main aim of the article is to present the directions of development of
the new Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI) as a project, launched by China to develop countries
and improve global connectivity
Last week KWM Perth ran a very successful seminar on One Belt One Road where we were happy to host the Consul General Dr. Huang Qinguo as the guest speaker. Partners Rob Edel and Katherine Vines were the presenters. If you would like to find out more about OBOR let us know.
The proposed Vizhinjam International Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport is an ambitious project taken up by Government of Kerala. The project is proposed to follow Landlord Port Model. The Port will be at Vizhinjam, near Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, India with a quay length of 2000 meters in three phases.
Summary: China's "One Belt One Road" Initiative: Insights for Finland. Team F...Team Finland Future Watch
What implications on business in shorter and longer term does the largest infrastructure initiative of our time - China’s “One Belt One Road” - provide for Finnish companies and for Europe in strategic terms? Team Finland Future Watch is contributing to the discussion by providing two studies on the subject: one for China and one for Kazakhstan. The following report is about the China’s OBOR initiative.
This Presentation covered all the information about China Pakistan Economic Corridor. A complete report on CPEC Projects, Investors, Company Profiles, Energy System and Infrastructure.
CRUISE TERMINAL - Thesis research writingJasmine Sidhu
“Cruise terminal is a project with a long gestation period and revenue from terminal operation, when compared to the investment, may not be attractive. Considering this fact, we propose a mix of commercial activities together with the main business.”
One Belt One Road Greater Mekong Subregion-Economic Corridors and MyanmarMYO AUNG Myanmar
The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Program comprises Cambodia, two provinces of the People’s Republic of China, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
One of the main focuses of the GMS Program is to improve connectivity in the subregion through strengthening linkages in transport, energy, and telecommunications. The GMS Program provides assistance to the facilitation of cross-border transport of goods and people in GMS. It also aids the implementation of high priority projects on regional public goods as well as in various other sectors.
The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road, better known as the One Belt and One Road Initiative (OBOR), The Belt and Road (B&R) and The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (OBOR) is a development strategy proposed by China's paramount leader Xi Jinping that focuses on connectivity and cooperation between Eurasian countries, primarily the People's Republic of China (PRC), the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the oceangoing Maritime Silk Road (MSR). The strategy underlines China's push to take a larger role in global affairs with a China-centered trading network. It was unveiled in September and October 2013 for SREB and MSR respectively. It was also promoted by Premier Li Keqiang during the state visit to Asia and Europe and the most frequently mentioned concept in the People's Daily in 2016. It was initially called One Belt and One Road, but in mid-2016 the official English name was changed to the Belt and Road Initiative due to misinterpretations of the term one. In the past three years, the focuses were mainly on infrastructure investment, construction materials, railway and highway, automobile, real estate, power grid, and iron and steel.
The directions of development of the new Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (...Przegląd Politologiczny
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the directions of development
of the new Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI) or ‘One Belt, One Road’ (OBOR) as a project
launched by China to develop countries and improve global connectivity. First unveiled in 2013 by
Chinese President Xi Jinping, the initiative continues to grow in scale and popularity. The initiative is
focused on creating networks that will allow for a more efficient and productive free flow of trade as
well as further integration of international markets both physically and digitally. BRI is comprised of
the ‘21st Century Maritime Silk Road’ and the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt;’ together they will connect
more than 65 countries making up over 62% of the world’s population, around 35% of the world’s trade
and over 31% of the world’s GDP. It will take the form of a series of highways, railways and ports as
well as facilities for energy, telecommunications, healthcare and education. It must be emphasized that
the initiative merges both the land-based Silk Road (from China via Central Asia to Turkey and the EU)
with the Maritime Route (via the Indian Ocean and Africa to Europe). Both routes were created with the
intention of developing transportation infrastructure, facilitating economic development and increasing
trade. This 21st-century initiative is not merely for China to romanticize its historical legacies: it carries
major strategic economic and geopolitical calculations. The EU must decide now if and how to engage
in these emerging processes. The main aim of the article is to present the directions of development of
the new Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI) as a project, launched by China to develop countries
and improve global connectivity
[Asian Steel Watch] Vol.3 (2017.6)
Featured Articles
Chinese Steel Moves along the One Belt, One Road
After President Xi unveiled the concept of a“New Silk Road”in September, the Chinese government began to actualize the“New Silk Road”and announced One Belt, One Road (OBOR) in March 2015. China has contributed USD 40 billion to a Silk Road Fund to finance OBOR and established the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). China also held a major OBOR summit in May 2017. The Chinese steel industry has begun to search for a way forward through OBOR for the following reasons: falling steel consumption; prolonged oversupply with declining steel prices; and the spike in financial, environmental, and labor costs. The OBOR project is positive in that it boosts steel demand and address overcapacity; however, it needs adjustment and balance to prevent any dispute and side effect.
ISS Risk Special Report: China's Challenge to the World Economic Order, by Er...Hrishiraj Bhattacharjee
Now well into the second decade of the 21st century, the world is witnessing the true extent of China’s economic, political, and growing military reach. This reach and integration into the globalized world has been gradual, incremental, and quiet over the past three decades. In the shadows, China has accelerated significantly in the past 10 years. What does this mean for the established global order? This paper is a roadmap looking to join the dots on that journey.
ISS Risk Special Report Chinas challenge to the world economic order - Dece...Robbie Van Kampen
Now well into the second decade of the 21st century the world is witnessing the true extent of
China‟s economic, political, and growing military reach. This reach and integration into the
globalized world has been gradual, incremental, and quiet over the past three decades. In
the shadows, China has accelerated significantly in the past 10 years. What does this mean
for the established global order? This paper is a roadmap looking to join the dots on that
journey.
Deeping investment cooperation, promoting industrial transformation between China and Caribbean countries as presented by Dr. Wu Qijin, Chief Executive Officer, China-LAC Cooperation Fund on July 10, 2017 at a conference titled, 'Chinese Renminbi in the Caribbean-Opportunities for Trade, Aid and Investment,' held at the Hilton Barbados Resort.
Also known as “One Belt, one Road" (OBOR), the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was launched by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013. It is the largest infrastructure project ever undertaken in history. The goal is to promote
roduction, trade and investment, as well as the physical and digital integration of international markets. The BRI provides Chinese investment with a framework to improve existing infrastructure and build new production sites and trade routes to better connect China to the rest of the world.
Also known as “One Belt, one Road" (OBOR), the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was launched by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013. It is the largest infrastructure project ever undertaken in history. The goal is to promote
roduction, trade and investment, as well as the physical and digital integration of international markets. The BRI provides Chinese investment with a framework to improve existing infrastructure and build new production sites and trade routes to better connect China to the rest of the world.
Second Edition - Jan 2017 - China's Challenge to the World Economic Order - Robbie Van Kampen
Now well into the second decade of the 21st century, the world is witnessing the true extent of China’s economic, political, and growing military reach. This reach and integration into the globalized world has been gradual, incremental, and quiet over the past three decades. In the shadows, China has accelerated significantly in the past 10 years. What does this mean for the established global order? This paper is a road map looking to join the dots on that journey.
“One Belt One Road and RMB Internationalization—A Strategic Alliance” Larry Catá Backer
Focus: Consideration of the peripheral structures of Chinese trade and investment policy and its potential effects on RMB internationalization. Thesis: RMB internationalization is one small part of a larger more ambitious project: (1) External: An integral part of Chinese trade and development policies; an interlocking set of objectives to solidify the all around central position of China; (2) Internal: Core of socialist modernization and development of productive forces within China; situating China at center of global commerce essential for next stage of economic and political development.
Structures of discussion: (1) Situating RMB internationalization within broader issues of Chinese policy; (2) The OBOR initiative and related development efforts. Last section considers putting the pieces together; and (3) Tie it back to issues of reality (trade and investment use) and perception (consensus of others states)
Why are OBOR and RMB internationalization linked? (1) Stability; (2) Development; and (3) Control
By opening up to Chinese investments, is the Philippines opening itself not only to risks on commercial and operational viability, but most importantly to geopolitical risks and sovereignty issues? To address financial issues for Chinese-funded projects, government regulators must conduct thorough risk planning and feasibility studies, and for greater transparency involve the private sector, local government units, and other stakeholders. On the side of China, it must ensure that proposed projects are transparent, commercially viable, and participating Chinese contractors are of good standing and Chinese workers follow Philippine labor and immigration laws.
Similar to China new-silk-route(one belt one road) (20)
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
” Emotions are complex psychological states involving three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response”
"Discovering Psychology," by Don Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury
In 1972, psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that there are six basic emotions that are universal throughout human cultures: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.
In the 1980s, Robert Plutchik introduced another emotion classification system known as the wheel of emotions. This model demonstrated how different emotions can be combined or mixed together, much like the way an artist mixes primary colors to create other colors.
Plutchik proposed eight primary emotional dimensions: joy vs. sadness, anger vs. fear, trust vs. disgust, and surprise vs. anticipation.
These emotions can then be combined to create others, such as happiness + anticipation = excitement.
In 1999, Ekman expanded his list to include a number of other basic emotions, including embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are
Negative or irrational patterns of thinking.
Simply ways that Impostor Syndrome convinces us to believe things that aren’t really true.
Inaccurate thought patterns that
Reinforce our negative self perception and
Keep us feeling bad about ourselves
These negative thought patterns can play a role in
Diminishing our motivation,
Lowering our self-esteem
Contributing to problems like
Anxiety,
Depression, and
Substance use.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
e-RUPI is a person and purpose-specific cashless e-voucher designed to guarantee
that the stored money value reaches its intended beneficiary and can only be used for
the specific benefit or purpose for which it was intended. The idea is to create a minimal
logistics, leak-proof delivery mechanism for a wide range of government Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) programs across the country. The digital e-voucher platform can also
be used by organizations who wish to support welfare services through e-RUPI instead
of cash
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
1. China’s new silk route
The long and winding road
Introduction
Over the past year China has increasingly
made headlines in global news, creating a
constant stream of articles, background reports
and opinion pieces. Many of the events covered
are having an impact well beyond the country
and its own economy. Some of the main events
that have dominated global news recently have
included the ongoing slowdown of the Chinese
economy, culminating in the slowest annual
growth in 25 years, several severe stock market
crashes, official recognition by the IMF of the
Renminbi as a reserve currency and a
significant devaluation while it slowly moves
PwC's Growth
Markets Centre
February 2016
towards a more market-determined exchange
rate, as well as many other government
interventions and policy easing. In the midst of
all these developments, it may be challenging
to keep an eye on China’s long-term goals,
ambitions and initiatives, most notably, the
massive efforts China’s leadership is putting
into its ‘going global’ strategy. These efforts are
shaped more and more by the so-called ‘Belt
and Road’ (B&R) initiative, an initiative that
is gaining wider recognition and momentum
in public opinion in China, but not necessarily
yet outside the country.
www.pwc.com/gmc
2. 2 | China’s new silk route | PwC
Belt and Road: a concept,
a strategy, a slogan?
During various state visits in 2013, China’s
president Xi Jinping announced the Silk Route
Economic Belt (SREB) and the 21st-century
Maritime Silk Route (MSR). These two major
initiatives were initially packaged and labelled
under the overarching term ‘One Belt, One
Road’ (一带一路) or, in short: ‘Belt & Road’.1
Those who are new to the term may struggle to
understand what Belt & Road actually is. It is
often communicated as a national vision and
foreign strategy, sometimes resembling
conceptual propaganda, but it is also
mentioned in relation to concrete investments
and projects.
‘Belt and Road’ (or ‘B&R’) as communicated by
the Chinese government is a concept which
aims to increase connectivity between the
Asian, European and African continents. The
intention is for this increased connectivity to
enhance trade flows and spur long-term
regional economic growth and development,
benefiting all those involved.
The official information currently available,
mostly provided by China’s state news agency
‘Xinhua’, suggests that B&R comprises two
physical routes, with numerous side-branches
along the way. These two different routes
ultimately connect China with Europe, Africa
and Southeast Asia. This impression is further
enhanced by a map published by the news
agency, depicting both a land route running from
inner China to Southern Europe (via the
Netherlands) and a sea route connecting the port
of Shanghai ultimately with the end point of the
land-based route in Venice, via India and Africa.
Fuzhou
Quanzhou
Guangzhou
Zhanjiang
Haikou
Kuala Lumpur
Kolkata
Colombo
Nairobi
Athens
Venice
Rotterdam
Duisburg
Moscow
Istanbul
Tehran
Dushanbe
Samarkand
Bishkek
Almaty
Huoerguosi
Urumql
Lanzhou Xi’an
Jakarta
Beihai
Hanoi
Silk Road
Maritime Silk Road
1
In September 2015, China’s National Development and Reform Commission
(NDRC), Foreign Ministry and Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) announced that
the scheme’s official English name is ‘The Belt and Road’, or ‘BR’
Source: Xinhua
3. 3 | China’s new silk route | PwC
Initially covering only the development of
Western China and specifically the interior
state of Xinjiang, the BR initiative in its full
extent is now reflecting China’s outbound
focus in three directions: West (West China,
Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe),
East (Southeast Asia), and South (South Asia
and Africa). For various reasons, Eurasia
(because of its proximity to Western China,
abundance of natural resources and need for
greater regional stability) and Southeast Asia
(due to the importance of its trade with China)
will be given priority. It is expected that the
Maritime route will be developed later, in part
because China has a limited comparative
advantage in establishing sea routes and is
facing opposition from many different
countries due to the position it has taken in the
South Chinese Sea over disputed areas.
After coming to power, Xi Jinping has clearly
brought ownership to China’s outward focus.
With the BR concept, a clear and coherent
outward direction has been established, which
is being heavily pushed by the central
government in Beijing. Under Jinping’s
leadership, Belt and Road has been elevated to
a powerful slogan meant to guide and direct
the efforts of both the public (e.g. provincial
governments, state-owned enterprises) and
the private sector in China.
BR is also very much a national strategy. The
initiative is expected to be a critical driver for
China’s long-term goals, ambitions and
initiatives, and a key pillar of its ‘going global’
strategy. Underlying this overarching strategy
is an action plan which was released in March
last year. This plan was established in a joint
effort between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
the National Development and Reform
Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of
Commerce. In its current shape, the plan is
more a vision expressing China’s grand
ambitions rather than a practical
implementation plan and the concept seems to
be deliberately kept both broad and vague.
Though little is known yet about further
details of BR and what implementation may
look like, China’s central government has
created a dedicated group responsible for
overseeing implementation of all BR
initiatives – an office directly situated under
the NDRC.
However, it seems that this is more a symbolic
portrayal than a factual interpretation. In
reality, BR is more of a large ‘umbrella’ type
of initiative. It seems to be a potentially huge
collective of current, planned and future
infrastructure projects, accompanied by a host
of bilateral and regional trade agreements.
Ongoing and planned projects will focus on the
development of a wide array of assets,
including ports, roads, railways, airports,
power plants, oil and gas pipelines and
refineries, and Free Trade Zones, etc., as well
as a supporting IT, telecom and financial
infrastructure. To date, PwC has tracked the
equivalent of c. US$250 billion in projects that
have either been built already, recently started
construction or have been agreed on and
signed in relation to BR.
Some of the core elements of the BR initiative
(such as a focus on infrastructure investments
in underdeveloped Western China and Central
Asia) are far from new and long predate the
public announcements in 2013. BR, however,
bundles all ongoing and planned efforts – such
as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
(CPEC) and the Bangladesh-China-India-
Myanmar Corridor (BCIM) – under one
unifying framework. The overarching BR
initiative is motivated by myriad macro
long-term drivers, both political and economic.
The idea of ‘connectivity’ along two main
routes, and the investments that will go into it,
is intended to be an effective and integrated
way to stimulate trade and exports with
China’s neighbours, increase export demand
for Chinese capacity (e.g. construction and
engineering capacity), help internationalise
the Chinese currency Renminbi and create
goodwill amongst its many neighbouring
countries.
3 | China’s New Silk Route | PwC
4. 4 | China’s new silk route | PwC
While in theory much broader in nature, BR
initially manifests itself primarily as a massive
infrastructure development programme. It is
based on the logic of using China’s huge
economic leverage abroad and exporting its
strong infrastructure development capabilities
to other regions.
An enormous financing commitment and
platform is supporting the BR initiative.
Based on analyses, PwC predicts that BR will
mobilise up to US$1 trillion of outbound state
financing from the Chinese government in the
next 10 years. Most of this funding will come
in the form of preferential debt funding, but
some will be in equity. The government has
created specific vehicles to help allocate this
money to appropriate projects and initiatives.
These include, amongst others, the recent
establishment of a New Silk Road Fund
(NSRF), the establishment of the Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the
government directing large sums of its foreign
exchange reserves and several of its largest
state-owned banks to the initiatives.
If carried out at full scale, the implementation
of BR will cover a long time span of at least
30 to 40 years. 2049 is often referred to as a
key milestone as it is the year when the 100th
anniversary of the establishment of the
People’s Republic of China will be celebrated.
Belt and Road’s
significance to China
Although often described as a way to revitalise
ancient trade routes, today’s BR initiative is
much more comprehensive. Rather than a
mere recreation of former connections and
corridors throughout Central Asia and the
Middle East to connect China and Europe,
BR intends to go far beyond that.
BR can be regarded as the most important
driver for China’s long-term development
strategy, foreign policy and – in the opinion of
some – even a way to reform the structure of
its own economy. It is meant to shape both
China’s national economic development
strategy and international activities for the
years to come and is expected to feature
prominently in China’s next five-year plan
which will be released later this year.
Falling exports, sluggish economic growth,
both globally and at home, and a persistent
need for China to structurally transform its
economy from being driven by government
investments and exports to a more consumer-
driven model are, in essence, all at the base of
China’s recent launch and acceleration of the
BR initiative. Due to the nature of its
economic growth model, China has created a
problem of serious overcapacity in many of its
industries. China’s enduring emphasis on
heavy industries over the past two decades, as
well as government being a decisive force in
the country’s economy are two of the key
reasons for this overcapacity. By now, the
government has identified well over a dozen
industries for which it is taking specific
measures to curb further production.
In the BR initiative, the Chinese government
sees a way to offset part of the existing
domestic overcapacity by exporting its
well-developed engineering and construction
capabilities, materials and equipment and
self-developed technology. Apart from China’s
experience in building world-class
infrastructure, it will mostly export excess
capacity with low opportunity cost and
therefore there isn’t necessarily a need to gain
quick returns. At the same time, China hopes
to spur further demand for its goods and
services by enhancing connectivity and trade
between regions across Asia, Europe and
Africa, creating medium and long-term
growth momentum and a boost to the
country’s GDP.
Within China, around 16 of the country’s
27 provinces are covered by BR and an even
larger number has indicated a desire to
participate. For many less developed regions,
mostly in inland China, the initiative is a clear
opportunity to catch up with the more
advanced provinces on China’s East coast.
Central government also intends to bring more
stability to the interior states (most notably
Xinjiang) by establishing better connectivity
with other regions.
In its current form, BR is also China’s grand
strategy for developing a larger leadership role
on the international stage and enhancing ties
with neighbouring nations. With a strategy that
seems largely based on loans and aid and
therefore helping China to build financial power
(including the wider international use of its
currency) alongside its trade power, the country
hopes to expand its influence in a geopolitical
marketplace where global powers are competing
for influence in emerging markets.
5. 5 | China’s new silk route | PwC
Involvement of other
countries in the Belt and
Road initiative
The geographical area that is potentially
covered by the BR initiative is vast. In its
current shape, the initiative has close to 65
countries somehow connected, covering more
than half of the world’s population (c. 4.4
billion), around 30% of the global economy and
a total infrastructure investment need of
around US$5 trillion.
Some commentators have coined the term
‘Chinese Marshall Plan’ to describe the BR
initiative, a reference to the Marshall
Recovery Programme which focused on
revitalising Western Europe after the end of
the Second World War with the leadership and
funding of the US. However, the comparison is
not an accurate one, in the sense that China is
putting a very clear emphasis on the
inclusiveness and ‘win-win’ character of its
BR initiative. Where the original Marshall
plan deliberately excluded some countries
from participation and put hefty conditions on
others, China is making clear that all countries
along the way are welcomed to join, without
BR attaching additional conditions.
According to China, BR is not to be seen as an
alliance and it stresses the fact that the initiative
comes without any political strings attached.
While this may be so, it is fair to believe that
Chinese help and money will come with its own
set of conditions, which may include high
interest payments, a need to use Chinese labour,
goods and technology and having to grant
long-term access to natural resources.
Source: Secondary research, PwC analysis (Tentative listing)
Commonwealth of
Independent States
(11 countries)
Key countries include
• Kazakhstan
• Uzbekistan
• Ukraine
• Kyrgyzstan
Russia
Mongolia
China
Southeast Asia
(11 countries)
Key countries include
• Indonesia
• Thailand
• Malaysia
• Vietnam
• Singapore
South Asia
(8 countries)
Key countries include
• India
• Pakistan
• Bangladesh
• Nepal
West Asia and North Africa
(16 countries)
Key countries include
• Saudi Arabia
• United Arab Emirates
• Egypt
• Iran
• Turkey
• Israel
Middle East and Europe
(16 countries)
Key countries include
• Poland
• Romania
• Czech Republic
• Bulgaria
• Lithuania
• Slovenia
6. 6 | China’s new silk route | PwC
While China has tremendous economic
leverage which it intends to use abroad, even
its pockets aren’t deep enough to cover the
huge investments required to fulfil the BR
initiative. It hopes to cooperate with different
governments, companies and investment
funds, potentially creating opportunities for
many shared projects and public-private
partnership (PPP) initiatives.
BR is expected to have a significant impact
on non-Chinese businesses in numerous ways.
The figure above illustrates high-level
opportunities brought by the first wave of
BR, especially for businesses that focus on
infrastructure building, including suppliers of
technology, equipment and components, raw
materials and other elements to Chinese
construction companies. They can partner
with their Chinese customers outside China in
much the same way as they have done inside
China in the past. While technologies of
Western firms complement China’s
advantages, these complementarities will exist
outside China for the Chinese companies as
well. BR essentially expands the demands of
their customers. Siemens, for example, has
won a US$1 billion order from China’s
Shandong Electric Power Construction 3rd
Company (SEPCOIII) for the construction of a
combined cycle power plant at the Ras
Al-Khair Plant in Saudi Arabia. Secondly,
foreign engineering, procurement and
construction companies could partner with
Chinese players in overseas markets, or
conduct joint new market and customer
development.
Furthermore, there are opportunities for
foreign companies that have previously proved
to be less successful in breaking into the
Chinese market. These firms could partner
with Chinese players overseas and
subsequently leverage these customer
relationships when re-entering the Chinese
market itself. It’s key to realise here that the
majority of players reaping fruits from BR
funding so far have been China’s mega-sized
state-owned enterprises (SOEs). One or two
successful project partnerships with these
players can build goodwill and track record to
gain an edge in their domestic bids. In the
Siemens-SEPCOIII partnership case
mentioned earlier, SEPCOIII recommended
Siemens to other SEPCO subsidiaries in China
based on their good experience.
As well as industry players, financial players
such as private equity firms and other
institutional investors could potentially
discover investment opportunities. As Chinese
companies are increasingly experimenting
with PPP-type investments into infrastructure
in emerging markets, they are aided by very
substantial Chinese public sector financing
and guarantee under the BR banner. These
de facto subsidies drastically improve the
infrastructure projects’ risk-return profile.
Many of the SOE players are arguably ‘too big
to fail’ and will receive Chinese government
backing in negative case scenarios.
Furthermore, China’s state-owned policy
insurer will cover certain projects during any
political or social incidents.
Implications for international firms
Opportunities arising from the Belt and Road strategy
Key opportunities
• Outbound capital projects and infrastructure
– especially in partnership with Chinese players
–– Supply equipment/technology/
intellectual property
–– Joint or independent engineering,
procurement and construction/project
finance
–– Joint new client developments
(e.g. developing market governments)
• Leverage Chinese partnerships abroad for
accessing Chinese market itself
• Leverage Chinese funding for divestment,
fundraising, etc.
• Outbound financing/private equity fund
(e.g. joint AIIB, Silk Road Fund, etc.)
• Better trade with markets with improved
infrastructure (Europe eastward)
Technology
expert/
licensing
Engineering
services
export
Equipment
export
Outbound
financing
Outbound
capital
projects and
infrastructure
Transportation/
logistics
Construction/
labour
export
Belt and Road
7. In the longer term, there will be macro impacts
for international firms. One of the primary
objectives of the BR initiative is to facilitate
smoother trade flow within the connected
regions; essentially building infrastructure to
drive shorter lead times and reduced
transportation costs. Improved linkage via
railways and maritime connectivity is expected
to further reduce the transit time between
Europe and China. The land route will also
emerge as an interesting option for the
movement of goods, being significantly more
cost effective than air-freight, and a possible
alternative to sea transportation. This will
greatly benefit organisations that rely on raw
materials from the region as well as
international players who are seeking to further
penetrate large consumer markets like China
and South Asia with their finished products.
The road ahead
Historical silk routes emerged organically
more than 2,000 years ago, due to increasing
foreign demand for Chinese silk. The
development of the routes and corridors
currently being envisioned is very much driven
by China itself. Although details remain scarce
at this stage, expectations surrounding the
BR initiative are high. Whether results from
the concept will be as impressive as its set up
ultimately depends on the speed and
effectiveness of implementation.
There are many challenges for China and the
other countries involved, of which rough
terrain, persistent regional conflicts, thriving
corruption, and scepticism amongst various
countries towards China and its intentions are
just some. The sheer amount and variation of
challenges will make the realisation of the
BR initiative a very complex endeavour.
There is a long and winding road ahead before
China, along with all the underdeveloped
nations across Central Asia and the Middle East,
can reach the position, influence and level of
prosperity that they once held in the days of the
ancient silk routes.
7 | China’s new silk route | PwC