The document discusses children's exercise physiology. It notes that children are not smaller versions of adults, as they have important physiological differences related to growth and maturation. Their aerobic capacity peaks at a younger age compared to adults and their anaerobic power is significantly lower. The document also addresses nutritional considerations, psychological factors, injuries risks and how to prevent injuries in child athletes.
Altitude training is an established method to improve endurance performance, but also high intensity sports can benefit from it's use. There are a few important points to consider however to maximize it's effects and to become an altitude training responder !
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
Altitude training is an established method to improve endurance performance, but also high intensity sports can benefit from it's use. There are a few important points to consider however to maximize it's effects and to become an altitude training responder !
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
The root cause of chronic diseases, cancer and aging is recently understood. It includes 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation secondary to hyperglycemia and obesity leading to insulin resistance. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction. Exercise play a significant rule in the salvage of these problems. Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintain physical fitness and overall health, Exercise with its Countless Benefits is the logical salvage for a group of diseases related to inactivity . In view of the prevalence, global reach and health effect of these physical inactivity related diseases, the issue should be appropriately described as pandemic, with far-reaching health, economic, social and Environmental consequences.These diseases include, Obesity, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cancer, Depression and anxiety, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Etc, etc, etc… I think we have no option except doing regular exercises if we seriously searching for a salvage to escape the bad and serious consequences of these new life style diseases.
Exercise as a prescriptive medicine in Non Communicable Diseases Tinuade Olarewaju
Exercise is a prescriptive medicine. Physiotherapists use it as a potent tool to combat several NCD's also referred to as diseases of civilisation. Thanks to all references who made their work publicly available.
This study aims at exploring the eff ect of a 4-week hypoxic training on some physiological and biochemical parameters in the 400-m competing athletes of the Palestinian athletics team. Twelve trained male athletes were divided into two groups, normoxic training (n = 6) and hypoxic training (n = 6) for residing at sea-level.The training period was 90min, 3 days per week for 4 weeks.Therefore,physiological measurements showed (Vital Capacity (VC), Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) and Heart-Rate (HR)); Biochemical measurements (Erythropoietin (EPO), Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct) and Partial Oxygen Pressure PO2); the numerical level of running 400m.
Evolving Priority in Developing Nations: to Prevent Personal Bias in Social W...inventionjournals
Health remains an important goal for society.‘Health for all’ is the motto of the world health organization. All hospitals spend only on allopathic drugs &modernization despitethe benefits of exercise medicine being well proven Actually, If there is a single remedy which can prevent & treat a host of lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease,osteoporosis, depression,etc it is only 30 minutes of exercise a day. More so it is free., Probably realizing these benefits there was a move to introduce a holistic exercise Suryanamaskar by the Indian government in year 2015 in all schools. After resistance from few organizations this path breaking decision was unfortunately withdrawn.This paper focuses on the importance of simple, economical health inventions& exercises like Suryanamaskar&the need to remove personal choices & viewpoints from theirintroduction for benefit of all.For large & populous countries like India which can barely afford to spend 3 % of GDP on health, disease prevention by exercise medicine is a good solution.To allow personal bias of a few people to hamper progress of the majority is an alarming & regrettable trend.As is said “one can count the seeds in an apple but not the apples in a seed “Only time will tell the far reaching losses & effects of these myopic & vote bank appeasing decisions.
the ppt tells about some physiotherapy role in hormonal conditions. further study is required though. the listed conditions are the common hormonal conditions were PT plays role
2. Special consideration in cardiac rehabilitation program for older adults.ShagufaAmber
An increasing number of cardiac patients are above the age of 65 years . They are susceptible to the adverse effect of bed rest . So early mobilization is especially important to return them to active and independent lifestyle.
- Most of the patients with heart failure, are elderly patients, shooting up to 80% in both incidence and prevalence.This is due to improved and better survival after cardiac insults, such as myocardial infarction, especially in developed countries.(AHA,2013).
-The safety and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation have been demonstrated in the elderly (age >65 years) .(Pasquali ,et al.,2001)
-CR has a class IA recommendation by the AHA and ACSM for secondary prevention after any coronary heart disease
Knee osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage. It is most common in the elderly. Knee osteoarthritis can be divided into two types, primary and secondary. Primary osteoarthritis is articular degeneration without any apparent underlying reason. Secondary osteoarthritis is the consequence of either an abnormal concentration of force across the joint as with post-traumatic causes or abnormal articular cartilage, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Osteoarthritis is typically a progressive disease that may eventually lead to disability. The intensity of the clinical symptoms may vary for each individual. However, they typically become more severe, more frequent, and more debilitating over time. The rate of progression also varies for each individual. Common clinical symptoms include knee pain that is gradual in onset and worse with activity, knee stiffness and swelling, pain after prolonged sitting or resting, and pain that worsens over time. Treatment for knee osteoarthritis begins with conservative methods and progresses to surgical treatment options when conservative treatment fails. While medications can help slow the progression of RA and other inflammatory conditions, no proven disease-modifying agents for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis currently exist.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
2. (EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY)
2Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
The study of the human body during exercise
Offers ability to study the body out of homeostasis
4. Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology 4
• Homeostasis,, is the property of a
system in which variables are
regulated so that internal conditions
remain stable and relatively constant.
Examples of homeostasis include the regulation
of temperature and the balance between
acidity and alkalinity (pH). It is a process that
maintains the stability of the human body's
internal environment in response to changes in
external conditions
6. OBJECTIVES
Children are not just smaller
versions of adults.
1. GROWTH AND MATURATION
2. PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
3. NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
5.THE IMMATURE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology 6
8. GROWTH AND MATURATION
1) VARIABILITY IN THE PHYSICAL GROWTH OF 6 YEARS
2) PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY ( PHV )
3) 12 YEAR OLD: SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENT HEIGHT,
MUSCULAR STRENGTH, CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS
LEVELS
4) NO REASON TO SEGREGATE SEXES UP TO 14 YEARS
OLD
8Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
9. PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
1. Aerobic Capacity in Children
• VO2max (L/min) peaks around age 17 to 21 in
males, then decreases linearly with age.
• VO2max (L/min) has been shown to peak around
age 12 to 15 in females
– Decrease after age 15 may be due to females tending
to reduce physical activity
• Absolute VO2max (L/min) is lower in children
than adults at similar training levels.
9Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
10. Aerobic Capacity in Children
• When VO2max is expressed relative to body
weight, there is little difference in aerobic
capacity between adults and children, thus,
additional muscle mass increases maximal
oxygen consumption.
• Relative to body weight, running economy is
lower in children compared to adults.
10Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
11. Changes in VO2max With Age
Absolute (e.g. L/min)
Relative to body weight
(e.g. ml/kg/min)
11Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
12. PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
2) ANAEROBIC POWER:
- SIGNIFICANT LOWER IN CHILDREN
( SHORT TERM POWER OUTPUT )
- IMPROVING WITH GROWTH
- IN GIRLS LITTLE CHANGE AFTER 12 YEARS OLD
- CHILDREN: LESS USE OF GLYCOGEN, LESS ABLE TO
REDUCE PH
12Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
16. HR and SV as a Function of O2
Uptake
16Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
17. PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
4) RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
- CHILDREN: SHALLOW BREATHING PATTERN
RESULTING IN LOWER ABSORPTION OF
OXYGEN FROM INSPIRATION
- HIGHER RESPIRATORY FREQUENCY
RESULTING IN GREATER OXYGEN COST IN
RESPIRATION
17Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
18. PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
5) EXERCISE IN HOT AND COLD ENVIRONMENTS:
CHILDREN VUNERABLE: RATIO OF SURFACE AREA TO
VOLUME 30-40% HIGHER THAN ADULTS RESULTING
IN FASTER INCREASE OR LOOSING BODY HEAT
SWEATING MECHANISM IS FULLY OPERATIVE AFTER
ADOLESCENT GROWTH SPURT - DEHYDRATION
18Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
22. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1) CHILDHOOD PLAY IMPORTANT FOR SPORT: ( FIRST 7
YEARS OF LIFE)
- BALANCE AND CO-ORDINATION
- PROPREOCEPTION ( POSITION SENSE )
2) REWARDS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
SELF ESTEEM AND ADMIRATION
3) SPORTS VERSUS PLAY ( AFTER 6 YEARS OLD ) GROUP
GAMES, RULES OF GAMES, GOAL GAMES
PREPARATION AND FEELINGS OF GAME SPORTS
22Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
23. THE IMMATURE MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM
• 1) PRESENCE OF GROWTH CARTILAGE IN SKELETON
• A) ARTICULAR SURFACES
• B) EPIPHYSEAL PLATES, APOPHYSEAL INSERTIONS
• 2) EFFECTS OF EXERCISE:
• INTENSIVE PROGRAMMES LEAD TO BONY DEFORMATION
• HEAVY PHYSICAL TRAINING LEADS TO LONGER PREPUBERTAL
STATE IN GIRLS
• SPECIAL INTENSIVE TRAINING LEADS TO STRENGTH
IMBALANCE: SHOULDER
23Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
24. THE IMMATURE MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM
• 3) FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCIDENCE OF
SPORT INJURIES
• EPIDEMIOLOGY: 3 INJURIES PER 100 CHILDREN
PER YEAR
• 0.69 SERIOUS INJURIES PER YEAR
• PEAK FOR BOYS: 14 YEARS OLD
• GIRLS: 15 YEARS OLD
24Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
25. THE IMMATURE MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM
• INCOMPLETE RECOVERY FROM INJURY: 30%
• FOUL OR ILLEGAL PLAY: 13%
• OVERUSE INJURIES: 50%
• - COMPETITION 35% OF INJURIES
• - RUGBY LEAGUE 32%,SOCCER, RUGBY UNION 11%,
MARTIAL ARTS, HORSE RIDING 2% SAFEST
• SPRAIN ANKLE 45%. 30% MEDICAL ATTENTION, 11%
HOSPITALIZED, 12% LONG TERM DYSFUNCTION
25Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
26. ACUTE SPORTING INJURIES
• 1) HEAD AND NECK : VERY RARE BELOW 11 YRS
• 1-5% OF ALL SPORT INJURIES SERIOUS CNS DAMAGE
• 2) DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURES
• 3) GROWTH PLATE INJURY: SALTER-HARRIS
CLASSIFICATION
• 4) AVULSION FRACTURE OF ACL
• 5) AVULSION FRACTURE MUSCLE GROUPS
• 6) SUFE: 30% SUDDENLY, 70% GRADUAL
26Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
27. OVERUSE INJURIES
• 1) OSTEOCHONDROSES
• 2) STRESS FRACTURES: SUDDEN INCREASE IN
TRAINING INTENSITY
• X-RAYS OR BONE SCANS
• NAVICULAR, PARS-INTERARTICULARIS, FEMORAL
NECK
• 3) MALALIGNMENT SYNDROMES:
• TARSAL COALITIONS ( PERONEI TENDINITIS )
27Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
41. INJURY PREVENTION
• 1) FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SPORT INJURIES
• - LACK OF COACHING EDUCATION
• - INADEQUATE PREPARTICIPATION PHYSICAL EXAMS
• - HAZARDOUS PLAYING FIELDS
• - CONDITIONING AND TRAINING ERRORS
• - EQUIPMENT – LACK, IMPROPER, POORLY FITTED
41Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
42. INJURY PREVENTION
• - PLAYING WHILE INJURED OR OVERTIRED
• - GROUPING TEAMS BY AGE NOT SIZE
• - POOR NUTRITION
• - RULES AND OFFICIALS
• - IMPROPER TECHNIQUE
• - INADEQUATE SUPERVISION
• - PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS
• - WEATHER CONDITIONS
42Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
43. INJURY PREVENTION
• PREVENTION STRATEGIES:
• - GENERAL FITNESS – TRAINING
• - RANGE OF SPORT ACTIVITIES
• - TRAINING WELL BEFORE SEASON
• - ALLOW CHILDREN TO CONTROL INTENSITY OF
ACTIVITIES
• - MODIFY RULES OF ADULT GAMES
• - LESS EMPHASIS ON WINNING
43Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology
44. INJURY PREVENTION
• - OPPONENTS TO BE MATCHED IN AGE,
HEIGHT, WEIGHT, MATURITY
• - STRICT SUPERVISION
• - NO MORE THAN A 10% INCREASE PER WEEK
IN TRAINING
• - WARM-UP AND COOL-DOWN TIME
• - PRE-PARTICIPATION EXAMS.
44Moch.Yunus / Exercise Physiology