Child neglect & abuse

1. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi
Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
CHILD NEGLECT & ABUSE
Prepared by :
 Alı Falh abdlhasan
201217154
Supervised by :
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi HİLAL SEKİ ÖZ

2. What is Child Abuse ?
 Child Abuse is something or failing to do
something that results in harm to a child or
puts a child at risk of harm.

3. Definition
 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child
abuse and child maltreatment as
"all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment,
sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or
commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or
potential harm to the child's health, survival,
development or dignity in the context of a relationship
of responsibility, trust or power’’.

4. Definition
 The United States federal Child Abuse Prevention
and Treatment Act defines child abuse and
neglect as, at minimum
"any recent act or failure to act on the part of a
parent or caretaker which results in death serious
physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or
exploitation" and/or "an act or failure to act which
presents an imminent risk of serious harm’’.

5. Statistic
 National statistics state that about 53% children are
abused. The highest number of cases were reported in
Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Assam, Andhra Pradesh and
Bihar.

6. Types of Child abuse
• Physical Abuse
• Sexual Abuse
• Emotional/Psychological Abuse
• Neglect

7. Physical Abuse

8. Physical Abuse
 Physical abuse is the injury by other than accidental
means of a child under 18 years of age which is the
result of actions by a parent, guardian, or other
designated (temporary or permanent) caretaker.
 The injuries inflicted are intentional and not
accidental.
• Some result from punishment that is inappropriate
for the child’s age ,condition, or level of
development.
• Some result from a parent’s frustration and lack of
control in acting out anger.

9. Battered Child Syndrome
• A severe form of physical abuse.
• First described by Kempe in 1962.
• Battered child syndrome is the collection of injuries
sustained by a child as a result of repeated
mistreatment or beating.
• Bruises, lacerations , burns and fractures are
commonly inflicted injuries.
• The major trait of the caretakers is either a lack of an
explanation for critical injuries or explanations that
does not account for the severity of injuries.

10. Munchausen syndrome
• MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME is a psychological disorder in
which the person fabricates the symptoms or injury in
order to undergo medical tests, hospitalization or even
medical or surgical treatment , when she/he is not really
sick.

11. Munchausen syndrome
• Described by Dr. Richard Asher in 1951.
• In cases of Munchausen syndrome by proxy , a parent or
caretaker attempts to bring medical attention to
themselves by injuring or inducing illness in their
children.
• It describes children who are victims of parentally
fabricated or induced illness.
• The term was coined by Dr. Roy Meadow.

12. Shaken baby syndrome
First reported by Guthkelch in 1971.
• Seen primarily in children 18 months of age or younger.
• The infant’s head is shaken vigorously forward and
backward hitting the chest and shoulders.
• Symptoms are:
Retinal hemorrhage, Subdural or subarachnoid
hematomas , Breathing difficulties
,Seizures/Unconsciousness.

13. SEXUAL ABUSE

14. Child sexual abuse
Sexual abuse is the misuse of a child for sexual
pleasure or gratification
• It is of two types.
1) Out -of-house abuse
2) In-house abuse(Incest)
• Sexual abuse has the potential to interfere with
child’s normal healthy development, both
emotionally and physically.

15. Effects of sexual assault
• Guilt
• Flashbacks/nightmares/Insomnia
• Fear of things associated with the abuse (including objects, smells,
places, doctor's visits, etc.),
• Low self-esteem

16. Effects of sexual assault
• Sexual dysfunction,
• Self-injury
• Suicidal tendency
• Depression, anxiety , bulimia nervosa
• Increased risk of sexually transmitted infections

17. EMOTIONAL ABUSE

18. Types of emotional abuse
• Rejection
• Ignoring
• Terrorization
• Isolating
• Blaming(scapegoating)

19. NEGLECT

20. Neglect
 It is the failure or lack of prudent care for a child's
wellbeing through lack of adequate supervision, food,
clothing, shelter, education or medical care.
 It may not produce visible signs, and it usually occurs
over a period of time.
 Physical abuse tends to be episodic, neglect tends to be
chronic. ABUSE IS AN ACT OF COMMISSION,NEGLECT
IS AN ACT OF OMISSION.

21. Neglect types
• Neglecting nutrition
• Neglecting health care
• Neglected teeth
• Neglecting safety
• Emotional neglect
• Physical neglect

22. Nutritional Neglect
 Failure to thrive refers to an underweight,
malnourished condition in a child has a weight that is
below the 3rd or 5th percentile for their age and/or
whose growth has fallen off precipitously and crossed
two major growth percentiles.

23. Nutritional Neglect
 Failure to thrive:
• The infants have gaunt faces, prominent ribs, wasted
buttocks, and spindly extremities and is expressed in first
two years of life.
• The causes of failure to thrive are estimated as 30%
organic, 20% underfeeding due to understandable error
and 50% underfeeding from parental neglect.

24. Neglecting health care
 When a child with a treatable chronic disease has
serious deterioration of the condition because the
parents or caretakers repeatedly ignore healthcare
recommendations, healthcare neglect occurs.
 It occurs in situations where an emergency exists and
the parents/caretakers will not acknowledge it much.
 Refusals because of religious beliefs also lead to
healthcare neglect.

25. Neglected teeth
 Dental neglect, as defined by the American Academy of
Pediatric Dentistry(2003), is the “ failure of parent or
guardian to seek and follow through with treatment
necessary to ensure a level of oral health essential for
adequate function and freedom from pain and
infection.”

26. Neglected teeth
 Dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral
conditions, if left untreated, can lead to pain, infection,
and loss of function.
 These undesirable outcomes can adversely affect
learning, communication, nutrition, and other activities
necessary for normal growth and development.

27. Neglecting safety
 Safety neglect occurs when injury results from
lack of supervision. These situations usually
involves children younger than 4 years of age,
when it is important that parents directly
supervise them. This leads to injuries like burns,
poisonings, falls because children are not being
watched.

28. Emotional neglect
 Emotional neglect is a failure to notice, attend to,
or respond appropriately to a child's feelings.
 It is ,in some ways, the opposite of mistreatment
and abuse. Whereas mistreatment and abuse are
parental acts, emotional neglect is a parent's
failure to act.

29. Physical neglect
 Failure to care for children according to
accepted or appreciated standard.
 This is usually coaxial with physical abuse and
involves presentation of child with unkempt
hair, dirty or insufficient clothing, incomplete
immunization, unsanitary home environment
and inadequate after-school supervision.

30. Remember
“It is easier to
build up
a child than it is
to repair an adult.”

31. Thankyouforlistening
Dinlediğiniziçinteşekkürler