The document discusses the basic building blocks of life including atoms, molecules, chemical bonds and organic compounds. It explains that atoms combine through chemical bonds to form molecules. The four main types of organic molecules that make up living things are nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, each composed of different building blocks and serving essential functions.

1. Chemistry Fundamentals Life is Chemical

2. Atoms vs Molecules Smallest unit of matter is the Atom or the Molecule Atoms have only 1 element Molecules have more than 1 kind of element joined together chemically

3. Periodic Table of the Elements Single type of atom 92 naturally occurring, humans have made a few more

4. Atomic Symbols 1 or 2 letters representing the atom C – Carbon H – Hydrogen O – Oxygen N – Nitrogen Most commonly occurring elements in Biology!

5. Molecule Various types of atoms joined together to make a substance that does not resemble the two elements Hydrogen – gas Oxygen – gas Water - liquid

6. Representing Molecules Chemical Formula use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a compound H 2 O Structural Formula uses chemical symbols and lines to represent a compound

7. Ex: Glucose Chemical Formula C 6 H 12 O 6 Structural Formula

8. Chemical Bonds Atoms combine to form molecules by sharing or trading electrons and forming links between them.

9. Bonding Chemical bonds are very stable Forming a bond stores energy Breaking a bond releases energy KEY IDEA!!!

10. Octet Rule The number of bonds depends on the number of electrons in the valence (outermost) shell Valence Electrons = Those electrons in the outermost shell/ring of the atom All atoms like to form an octet (exception of Hydrogen,which likes 2)

11. Octet Rule Practice 5 Nitrogen 6 Oxygen 1 Hydrogen 4 Carbon # bonds? # needed? # Valence Electrons Element

12. Biochemistry Chemistry of Biology

13. Organic Vs Inorganic Molecules Organic Molecules – occur in living things Generally larger and more complicated in shape than inorganic molecules Always have Carbon & Hydrogen Usually have Oxygen Sometimes have Nitrogen CHON

14. Four types of Organic Molecules Nucleic Acid Lipid Carbohydrate Protein Found Parts Look For  Use Type

15. Four types of Organic Molecules Nucleic Acid Lipid Carbohydrate Meats Amino acid Nitrogen Building block Protein Found Parts Look For  Use Type

16. Protein

17. Four types of Organic Molecules Nucleic Acid Lipid Sugar/ starch Glucose 5/6 carbon ring Energy Carbohydrate Meats Amino acid Nitrogen Building block Protein Found Parts Look For  Use Type

18. Carbohydrates

19. Four types of Organic Molecules Nucleic Acid Fats/ waxes Glycerol and Fatty Acids “ E” shape Cell Membrane, Organ protection Energy Storage Lipid Sugar/ starch Glucose 5/6 carbon ring Energy Carbohydrate Meats Amino acid Nitrogen Building block Protein Found Parts Look For  Use Type

20. Lipid

21. Unsaturated vs Saturated Fatty Acids

22. Unsaturated vs Saturated Fats

23. Four types of Organic Molecules DNA Phosphate, 5 carbon sugar and nitrogen base 3 parts Information Storage “blueprints” Nucleic Acid Fats/ waxes Glycerol and Fatty Acids “ E” shape Cell Membrane, Organ protection Energy Storage Lipid Sugar/ starch Glucose 5/6 carbon ring Energy Carbohydrate Meats Amino acid Nitrogen Building block Protein Found Parts Look For  Use Type

24. Nucleic Acid

25. DNA

26. Making Chains DNA Nucleic Acid Starch Carbohydrate Protein Amino Acid Chain Single Unit

27. Monomer vs Polymer

28. Monomer vs Polymer Disaccharide, Trisaccharide, Polysaccharide or Starch Carbohydrate Polypeptide or Protein Amino Acid Polymer (Long Chain) Monomer (Single Unit)

29. Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis

30. Dehydration Synthesis Remove water to form long chains Simple sugars into starches Hydrolysis Add water to break chains Polysaccharides into monosaccharides

31. Lipids: A Special Case Not a polymer, but still use dehydration synthesis.