The document discusses chemical cleaning agents and processes. It covers acid cleaning agents like hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, and nitric acid. It also discusses chelating agents like EDTA and citric acid. Key details provided include effective dosages, cleaning temperatures, advantages and disadvantages of different chemicals, and safety considerations. The document aims to educate on selecting the appropriate chemical cleaning system based on the application and deposits.

1. CHEMICAL
CLEANING

2. SUBJECT OF PRESENTATION
 Product Knowledge (Sub-Contract, Ready Stock)
 Application System
 How to Replace Existing Supplier
(Technical & Non-Technical Aspect)
 Cleaning Process
 All about chemical cleaning & other business
(Marketing Assessment)
 How to get Customer : Information  Presentation 
Closing (PO/MOU)  Survey  Handling  Invoice

3. BUSINESS PLAN
 Chemical Cleaning
 Boiler Treatment
 Cooling Treatment
 Media Filter (Carbon Filter & Ion Exchange)
 Seawage / Waste Water Treatment
(Bacteriagard / Biopower  Nutrition for Bacterial)
 Maintenance Filter & Exchanger (Strainer Local & Import)

4. SCALE / DEPOSIT
 REDUCE THE HEAT EXCHANGE
 CONTINOUS CORROSION
 METAL WASTES
 PIPING/EQUIPMENT FAILURE

5. CLEANING SYSTEM
 What chemical / scale removal will be apply ?
 Concentration ?
 Temperature ?
 Bath or Circulation ?
 Time ?
 Circulation Flow Rate ?
 Dangerous for Installation/Material of Construction,
People, Environment ?
 Need Mechanical / Manual Cleaning for Pre-Cleaning
and Post-Cleaning ?

6. CIRCULATING SYSTEM
Sampling inlet Sampling outlet
system system
EQUIPMENT /
SYSTEM
Residence Time in Equipment/System = 30 minutes
(pump capacities)
FILTER MEDIA
Residence Time in Circulation Tank = 2 - 3 minutes
(Holding Volume of Circulation Tank) Blowdown
CIRCULATION
TANK
Blowdown

7. ACID CLEANING AGENTS
HCl (Hydrochloric Acid)
 Effective/Economically dosage = 5 – 10%
 Cleaning Temperature = 150 – 160oF(75 – 80oC)
 Static Soaking for few hours (for ex : 4 hours)
 Temporary circulation for mix the chemical for 10 minutes
every hour (HCl is quite corrosive)
 Sometimes need Nitrogen Bubbling from lower header as
one of mixing chemicals.

8. ADVANTAGES OF HCl
 Effective for carbonate-scale, especially in Boiler
 Aggressive solvent to deposits
 It is a good solvent for iron-oxide layered with copper
 It is the best solvent , containing 0,25% - 1% of
Ammonium bi-Fluoride (NH4F-HF, ABF) to remove
siliceous scale/deposits.
 ABF is converted to HF (Hydrofluoric Acid), which is one
of the aggressive chemicals toward silicates
 Inexpensive

9. DISADVANTAGES OF HCl
 Very corrosive (Hazardous Material)
 Chemically inhibitor added to minimize corrosion
potential to the base metal (film amine)
 (For example : Promex (0,1 – 0,3%) for 10% active
material = 100 – 300 ppm
 Safety concern

10. ACID CLEANING AGENTS
PHOSPHORIC ACID
 Mainly used as rust removal on carbon steel surface and
sold under other names, such as “rust killer” or “rust
remover”
 To convert Iron(III)-Oxide (rust) to a water soluble
phosphate compound
 After treatment, the reddish-brown iron oxide will be
converted to a black iron phosphate compound that may
be scrubbed off.

11. ACID CLEANING AGENTS
SULFAMIC ACID
 The main use is as a cleaning agent in substitution for
hydrochloric acid, in the marine Industry, due to its' safe
storage characteristics.
 Use on stainless steel or copper alloyed surface (HE
Equipment).
 Effective dosage = 1% (at pH = 2)
 Chemical cleaning process maintain at pH = 2, the cleaning
process is finished if pH stable at 2 for 3 – 8 hours.
 Need dispersant / detergent no foam to bind the deposits.

12. ACID CLEANING AGENTS
NITRIC ACID
 Mainly used for the pickling and passivation of stainless
steel surfaces.
 Effective dosage = 5 – 10%
 Strong Oxydator

13. CHELATING AGENTS
EDTA
 Mainly used as chemical cleaning boiler as chelating agents.
 Most popular is tetra ammonium EDTA
 Ammonia is alkaline, and a typical EDTA cleaning is
performed at a pH of 9 to 9.5.
 The chemical Is much less corrosive than HCl and the
process is performed at an alkaline pH, so if a bit of residual
remains in the Boiler after the cleaning and rinses. It will not
attack tubes like HCl will.
 The chemical itself is not as Hazardous as HCl, although an
ammonia smell will be evident.
 Among its disadvantages are that the boiler must be fired
(T > 100oC)

14. CHELATING AGENTS
EDTA
 Another choice is the diammonium EDTA
 the pH of the solvent is adjusted to a range of 5 to 6.
 This solvent is more reactive than tetra ammonium
EDTA
 Only needs to be heated to about 200°F (100oC) to be
effective. However, the lower heating rate reduces the
ability of the Chemical to circulate in the boiler.

15. CHELATING AGENTS
CITRIC ACID
 similar to EDTA, it is a chelant and will bind both iron and
copper ions.
 Two citric-based solvents are mono-ammonium and di-
ammonium.
 Mono-ammonium, the solvent pH is around 3.5 to 4, and
the optimum temperature range is 180°F–200°F
(90–100oC)

16. CHELATING AGENTS
CITRIC ACID
 Diammmonium Citric acid solutions have a higher pH of
about 5 to 6, and this solvent is somewhat less
aggressive toward deposits, so a higher temperature
(240°F–275°F) is required for it to perform efficiently.
 Citric acid is not as strong a chelant as EDTA, and thus
is not as popular for post-operational cleanings, although
it can be doped with ABF to remove silica deposits.
 It is sometimes preferred for pre-operational cleanings,
where iron oxides constitute the bulk of deposits, and
where an aggressive acid Like HCl is not needed..