This document discusses open-ended and closed questions in counseling sessions. It notes that open-ended questions are more helpful as they allow for deeper discussion, while closed questions only elicit short answers. The document provides examples of open-ended and closed questions. It also discusses paraphrasing as a tool to ensure understanding and encourage elaboration from clients. Finally, it outlines 12 common irrational beliefs from Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and how challenging these beliefs can help clients develop more rational perspectives.