CHC Eight Grade Science Module 1A (8-22-14)
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This document provides an overview of the history of science from ancient Egyptian times through the 1600s AD. It discusses key early scientists and their contributions, including Thales, Democritus, and Aristotle in ancient Greece; Ptolemy's geocentric model of the universe; the stagnation of scientific progress during the Dark Ages; and the proposals of Copernicus and Galileo that challenged the Ptolemaic system. A turning point was the scientific revolution in the 1500-1600s led by figures like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton, who developed the laws of motion and gravity and helped establish the scientific method.
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Historians are now applying scientific techniques like DNA testing, satellite imaging, and underwater technologies to solve historical mysteries and better understand the past. For example, geneticist Spencer Wells used DNA testing to trace human migration out of Africa starting 50,000 years ago. New evidence from burials, soil analysis, and carbon dating is also changing interpretations of populations in South America, showing larger pre-Columbian civilizations than previously believed that were later devastated by disease brought by European explorers. Advances in science and technology will continue to reshape our understanding of history.
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The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, studies the methods by which historians study the history of science.
The English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century.[1] Previously, people investigating nature called themselves "natural philosophers". While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales and Aristotle), and scientific method has been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham and Roger Bacon), modern science began to develop in the early modern period, and in particular in the scientific revolution of 16th- and 17th-century Europe.[2] Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those earlier inquiries.[3]
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Lecture 5
"Concepts of Modern Natural Science"
Lecture 5. The formation and development of the Natural Science Picture of the World
Science and Technology PUBLIC ADMINISTRA
The document summarizes major scientific revolutions and discoveries throughout history. It discusses the Copernican revolution which established the sun-centered model of the solar system. It also discusses Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Freud is mentioned for developing psychoanalysis and the concepts of the unconscious mind and defense mechanisms. The document also summarizes contributions to science and technology from ancient civilizations in Mesoamerica, Asia, and the Middle East.
The scientific revolution
The document discusses the Scientific Revolution, a period after exploration when new scientific ideas and mathematical concepts were developed. It was influenced by the Renaissance and exploration of new cultures. During this time, scientists like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton began questioning accepted beliefs and using evidence and systematic methods like the scientific method to solve problems, develop theories of gravity and heliocentrism, and make other discoveries, challenging the sole authority of the Catholic Church.
MODULE_3_STS.pdf
1. The document discusses several intellectuals and early civilizations that contributed significantly to scientific developments throughout history. It examines the revolutionary ideas of Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud and how they challenged dominant theories of their time. 2. Several ancient civilizations are also discussed, including their contributions to astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and technology. The Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs in Mesoamerica made advances in calendars, irrigation, architecture, and more. Civilizations in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa also made important scientific discoveries and innovations. 3. Overall, the document outlines how intellectuals and early societies throughout the world played key roles in the scientific revolution and advancing human understanding of the natural world.
Essay On Scientific Revolution And Enlightenment
The Scientific Revolution began in the 16th century with Copernicus proposing that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the universe. This challenged the geocentric model endorsed by the Catholic Church. Galileo built upon Copernicus' theory with astronomical observations using his telescope. He proved that Copernicus was right, which put him in direct conflict with the Church. Other influential scientists included Tycho Brahe, who made highly accurate observations of planetary motions, and Johannes Kepler, who described the orbits of planets. Isaac Newton then synthesized the work of previous scientists with his law of universal gravitation and laws of motion, establishing classical mechanics.
STS%20m%2001_d59d07e242ac635bc98e8dae34cfbc65.docx
The document discusses the scientific revolution and key intellectuals that contributed revolutionary ideas during this period. It provides details on Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud. Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not Earth, was the center of the universe, challenging the dominant geocentric view. Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, replacing religious design views of creation. Freud developed psychoanalysis as an observational method to study the human mind. The document also summarizes contributions to early science from civilizations in Mesoamerica, Asia, and the Middle East.
Apeh ch. 17-sc.rev.teacher-sc.rev
The document summarizes the Scientific Revolution, which established modern science. It discusses key figures like Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, and how they challenged Aristotle's geocentric model and developed the heliocentric model and laws of motion and gravity. The Scientific Revolution established empiricism and the scientific method. It led to advances in fields like astronomy, physics, chemistry, anatomy, and more. The Royal Societies also supported the exchange of new scientific ideas. Overall, the Scientific Revolution transformed how people viewed the world and pursued knowledge.
Introduction to philosophy
The document provides an introduction to philosophy and science. It defines science as a systematic way of studying the world using methods like observation and experimentation. It discusses how ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle influenced the development of scientific thinking by taking a rational approach to understanding nature. The document also explains how developments in philosophy and science have interacted and influenced each other over time.
Lesson 1 intellectual revolutions that define society
This document discusses the contributions of ancient civilizations in Mesoamerica, Asia, and Africa to the development of science. It describes the advances made by the Maya in astronomy and their sophisticated calendar systems. The Incas developed impressive infrastructure like stone buildings, roads, and suspension bridges. The Aztecs made contributions in fields like education, medicine, agriculture, and technology. In India, metallurgy, ayurvedic medicine, astronomy, and mathematics advanced. China also made substantial advances in medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, and technology. The document outlines the significant scientific achievements of these ancient civilizations.
Greece the territory of beginning of practice of healing
Greek civilization emerged around 700 B.C.E. and continued until around 600 C.E. Greek doctors used rational thinking when dealing with medicine. This approach continues to influence medicine today.
Intellectual revolutions that defined society_S&T in Building the Nation_Wee...
Copernican, Darwinian and Freudian intellectual revolutions transformed society's views of nature. Copernicus published his heliocentric model contradicting the geocentric Ptolemaic model, establishing the birth of modern astronomy. Darwin introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection, making populations evolve over generations. Freud developed the theory of psychoanalysis, establishing psychology as a science and explaining human behavior through unconscious conflicts.
scientific revolution
The scientific revolution emerged in the early modern period and transformed views of society and nature. Before 1500, Aristotle and the Bible were the sole authorities, and the geocentric model of a Earth-centered universe was dominant. However, three scientists challenged these traditional views: Copernicus proposed in the mid-1500s that the Earth revolved around the sun, Galileo used a telescope in the early 1600s to observe evidence supporting this, and Newton later established the law of universal gravitation in the late 1600s.
History of science, what is science? stages of science...
This document discusses the history of science and its relation to sport and physical education. It argues that science provides the theoretical and practical foundations for these fields. Furthermore, understanding the history of science can help appreciate its influence on the profession and better evaluate the profession itself. The document explores how beliefs in rational order in nature and a willingness to share knowledge freely were necessary for modern science to develop in 17th century Europe.
Hellenistic Age
The period after Alexander the Great's death in 323 BC saw the spread of Hellenistic culture throughout the Mediterranean world. Many scientists and scholars accompanied Alexander's conquests and gained new knowledge from places like Egypt and the Near East. Ptolemy established the Library of Alexandria in Egypt in the early 300s BC, creating the largest library of the ancient world containing over 500,000 scrolls and sponsoring research. Scholars like Euclid, Eratosthenes, and Archimedes conducted pioneering work in fields like mathematics, astronomy, and physics. Philosophies also diversified during this period with schools of thought like Epicureanism emphasizing pleasure and Stoicism preaching self-control and indifference to pain or
Tammy GingeryIliana MillerHumanities 10116 March 2018THE.docx
Tammy Gingery
Iliana Miller
Humanities 101
16 March 2018
THE AGES OF MEDICINE
For some of the more inquisitive people, the human body has continued to fascinate, bewilder us, and perplex us from the beginning of recorded time. As medical students develop their education, more reverence for the intricacies and complexity of the human body and the state in which the body all works in synchronization and harmony.
As far back as humans have existed, prehistoric data has shown that medicinal plants and herbs were used for treating various injuries and sickness. Even then, much like today, humans had to sample, test, taste, and finally learn (sometimes in deleterious ways) to discover medicinal healing properties of plants. Many of these medicinal factors are still just as important to making significant contributions to the more natural and ecological patient of today. Ancient humans used willow or willow bark for pain treatment. They discovered mint could ease gastric ailments. Garlic was good for the heart and fenugreek helped in the healing of pneumonia. Honey was used for burns and wounds. Current studies on honey have found that a dressing of honey is more effective than silver sulfadiazine dressings with burn victims due to the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Treatments such as acupuncture dateA back over 4000 years and is just now becoming recognized for its therapeutic qualities Much of the old archaic remedies are becoming new discoveries again.
Humanities oldest form of surgery was recently discovered by archeologists finding the boring of circular holes drilled at specific locations in buried skulls dating back 7000 years ago when civilizations engaged in trepanation. Prehistoric craniotomies were believed to be used during the stone age to treat conditions such as migraines, seizures, or possibly to release evil spirits of the sick and mentally ill.
.
One of the founding legacies of medicine came from the discoveries from Egyptians. Ancient papyri document that the Egyptians were centuries ahead of its time in the study of physiology and the structure of the human body and it is believed it was based upon the knowledge gained from the embalming process of the dead. The oldest prosthetic was discovered on an ancient 2,700-year-old Egyptian female mummy discovered in 2011. She had two prosthetic toes made of leather and wood. They also practiced suturing, dentistry, extracting teeth and making false prosthetic teeth. Ancient Egyptians in 1500 BC used blood, dead rodents, moldy bread, horse saliva, and human and animal excrement as cures for many diseases and injuries. Unfortunately, these techniques also led to tetanus and severe infections.
Thousands of years of sickness was attributed to “bad blood”. Ancient Sumerians and Egyptians began the process of “bloodletting” and this ritual survived until the time of classical Greece and Rome. Physicians would cut open a vein “Venesection” to drain the bad blood that was c.
Tammy GingeryIliana MillerHumanities 10116 March 2018THE.docx
Tammy Gingery
Iliana Miller
Humanities 101
16 March 2018
THE AGES OF MEDICINE
For some of the more inquisitive people, the human body has continued to fascinate, bewilder us, and perplex us from the beginning of recorded time. As medical students develop their education, more reverence for the intricacies and complexity of the human body and the state in which the body all works in synchronization and harmony.
As far back as humans have existed, prehistoric data has shown that medicinal plants and herbs were used for treating various injuries and sickness. Even then, much like today, humans had to sample, test, taste, and finally learn (sometimes in deleterious ways) to discover medicinal healing properties of plants. Many of these medicinal factors are still just as important to making significant contributions to the more natural and ecological patient of today. Ancient humans used willow or willow bark for pain treatment. They discovered mint could ease gastric ailments. Garlic was good for the heart and fenugreek helped in the healing of pneumonia. Honey was used for burns and wounds. Current studies on honey have found that a dressing of honey is more effective than silver sulfadiazine dressings with burn victims due to the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Treatments such as acupuncture dateA back over 4000 years and is just now becoming recognized for its therapeutic qualities Much of the old archaic remedies are becoming new discoveries again.
Humanities oldest form of surgery was recently discovered by archeologists finding the boring of circular holes drilled at specific locations in buried skulls dating back 7000 years ago when civilizations engaged in trepanation. Prehistoric craniotomies were believed to be used during the stone age to treat conditions such as migraines, seizures, or possibly to release evil spirits of the sick and mentally ill.
.
One of the founding legacies of medicine came from the discoveries from Egyptians. Ancient papyri document that the Egyptians were centuries ahead of its time in the study of physiology and the structure of the human body and it is believed it was based upon the knowledge gained from the embalming process of the dead. The oldest prosthetic was discovered on an ancient 2,700-year-old Egyptian female mummy discovered in 2011. She had two prosthetic toes made of leather and wood. They also practiced suturing, dentistry, extracting teeth and making false prosthetic teeth. Ancient Egyptians in 1500 BC used blood, dead rodents, moldy bread, horse saliva, and human and animal excrement as cures for many diseases and injuries. Unfortunately, these techniques also led to tetanus and severe infections.
Thousands of years of sickness was attributed to “bad blood”. Ancient Sumerians and Egyptians began the process of “bloodletting” and this ritual survived until the time of classical Greece and Rome. Physicians would cut open a vein “Venesection” to drain the bad blood that was c.
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Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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CHC Eight Grade Science Module 1A (8-22-14)
- 1. Module 1
- 2. CLASS EXPECTATIONS Come to class prepared (assignment read, homework done, supplies ready) Pay attention and talk at appropriate times. Have fun!
- 3. WHAT IS SCIENCE? Science is the collection of facts and using those facts to explain the world around us.
- 4. ANCIENT TIMES-600 B.C. (EGYPTIANS) Egyptian medicine was advanced compared to medicines of other nations because of papyrus. It become easy to write down information and pass it on to others. Papyrus: an ancient form of paper, made from the plant of the same name. Were ancient Egyptian doctors scientists?
- 5. 600 B.C.- 500 A.D. (GREEKS) Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes: first real scientists Democritus: ancient Greek scientist who believed in atoms Aristotle: championed the idea of spontaneous generation and is responsible for it being believed for so long.
- 6. SPONTANEOUS GENERATION The idea that living organisms can be spontaneously formed from non-living substances.
- 7. WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM ARISTOTLE AND HIS BELIEF IN SPONTANEOUS GENERATION? We should believe scientific ideas because of evidence, not because of the people who believe in them. In other works: evidence = scientific ideas People do NOT = scientific ideas
- 8. GREEKS CONTINUED… Ptolemy: proposed the geocentric (earth at center of universe) system
- 9. 500 A.D. TO 1,000 A.D. (DARK AGES) Scientific progress stalled during this time because it was not supported by government or culture. Scientific progress depends upon scientists, government, and culture. The Roman Empire disliked science. Their only interested was in inventions or alchemy ( idea of changing lead into gold). Scientific progress began to move forward toward the end of the Dark Ages because of a Christian worldview.
- 10. WHAT WAS THE CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW THAT CAUSED SCIENCE TO BEGIN TO PROGRESS? Roman Catholic Church believed was was the Christian’s duty to aid and comfort the sick, so medicine needed to be studied. Roman Catholic Church believed in a single God who made the world. They believed His laws never change, so the natural world could be explained.
- 11. 1000 A.D.- 1500 A.D. Robert Grosseteste: considered the first modern scientist
- 12. 1500 A.D. -1600 A.D. (GOLDEN AGE OF SCIENCE) Nicolas Copernicus: proposed the heliocentric (sun centered) system of the universe Galileo: collected much data in favor of the heliocentric system but was forced to recant belief in it.
- 13. 1600 A.D.-1735 A.D. (ERA OF NEWTON) Sir Isaac Newton: one of the greatest scientists of all time, he laid down the laws of motion, developed the law of universal gravity, and invented calculus.