Charter schools first opened in 1992 in Minnesota and now make up 7% of all public schools across 43 states. Los Angeles and New York City have the highest numbers of charter school students. Charter schools are publicly funded schools of choice that have more operational flexibility than traditional public schools but are held accountable for academic and financial performance. If charter schools do not meet goals, they can be closed. Some charter schools have been established in low-income communities and communities of color to address issues of inequality in public education.