Cognitive functioning refers to intellectual processes like perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering. It involves symbol operations and the capacity for judgment. Difficulties with cognitive functioning can cause problems speaking, remembering, understanding how things work, comprehending social rules, seeing consequences, and solving problems logically. The document then discusses different types of skills like conceptual skills, social skills, and practical life skills. It provides examples of positive attributes that can be used to encourage others, such as affable, amendable, and benevolent. The document concludes with proposing a group activity to look for positive attributes in friends and classmates to uplift their morale.