Chapter3flashcards 160303170606

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The document contains questions and answers about concepts in sensation and perception discussed in Chapter 3, including: - Definitions of key eye structures like the retina, cornea, iris, and blind spot - Explanations of color vision theories like trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory - Descriptions of visual illusions like depth perception and linear perspective - Details about senses like touch, taste, smell, and kinesthesia - Explanations of experiments investigating infant depth perception like the visual cliff study.

Education

The basic, un-
interpreted, raw
messages received from
sensory organs is called:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

If light waves enter the
eye and stimulate
photoreceptors, you are
experiencing what?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Your personal opinion of
something reflects your
__________.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

An individual’s unique
interpretation of senses
is called:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The transparent outer
covering of the eye is
called what?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This structure regulates
the amount of light that
enters the eye.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The black of the eye that
allows light to enter into
the eye is called what?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Light waves need to
stimulate the back of the
eye. This area is called
the:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The retina contains what
structures?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The part of the eye where
the optic nerve leaves the
eye and in which there
are no photoreceptors is
called:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Why is the blind spot
called the blind spot?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The area at the back of
the eye that contains
more cones than any
other area is called the:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The point at which the
optic nerves from both
eyes crisscross on route
to the brain is called the:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The specialized neurons
that are stimulated by
light waves are called:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

What structure allows is
to perceive color, the
ability to see in bright
light and to see in fine
detail or focus is called
the:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

If the _______ are
functioning, then we are
unable to see color or in
detail or focus.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This results when the
eyeball is too long and
images are focused at a
point in front of the
retina.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This results when the
eyeball is too short and
images are focused at a
point behind the retina.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The process by which
sensory information is
turned into neural
messages that can be
interpreted by the brain
is called:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This occurs when
sensory neurons decrease
in their response to a
constant, unchanging
stimulus.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

If you are taking a hot
shower and the water
seems to get colder, it
might be due to what?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

There needs to be a
certain amount of
intensity before you can
distinguish between two
stimuli. This is called:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This proposes that there
are red, blue and green
color receptors in the
retina that allow us to
experience all color
perception.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

What are the three color
cones according to the
Trichromatic Theory?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This theory proposes that
there are three types of
photoreceptors that are
grouped into pairs and
stimulation of these lead
to all color perception.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

What are the three pairs
of photoreceptors
according to the
Opponent Processing
Theory?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Which of the two types
of color blindness is the
most common to occur?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Which type of color
blindness is described as
the inability to perceive
certain color pairs?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Which type of color
blindness would someone
have is they experience no
color perception and live in
a world of black, white and
shades of gray?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

What are the names for
our sense of taste and our
sense of smell?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The three types of
stimuli that make up our
sense of touch include:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

What is the name of the
bodily sense that provides
information about
perceptions of the location
of various body parts and
about the position of the
body in space?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This term refers to your
sense of balance.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This binocular cue is
described as the
differences in the images
that fall on the retinas of
each eye.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

This binocular cue occurs
because the muscles of each
eye provide information
about depth and distance
when they move the eyes
towards each other.
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

If parallel lines appear to
converge in the distance,
we are experiencing:
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Textured surfaces appear
to be smoother and less
textured when they are
far from the viewer. This
is known as what?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Who are the individuals
who conducted an
experiment to test depth
perception in infants?
What was the name of
that study?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Will infants who have
NOT yet developed
depth perception crawl
past the edge in the
visual cliff experiment?
Why?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

Will infants who HAVE
developed depth
perception crawl past the
edge in the visual cliff
experiment? Why?
Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception

The document discusses vision and how it works. It describes how light enters the eye and is focused on the retina by the cornea and lens. The retina contains rod and cone cells that detect light and send signals through the optic nerve to the brain. There are three main theories about how color vision works - that we have three types of cones sensitive to different wavelengths, that colors are processed as opponent pairs, and that color constancy is achieved by comparing information across the retina. The visual cortex in the brain processes information about shape, movement, brightness and color from the eyes.

Come To Your Senses

neurosciust

This document discusses how our senses of vision, hearing, and balance work. It describes: 1) How light enters the eye and is focused on the retina, where it stimulates rod and cone cells that send signals along the optic nerve to the brain. 2) The theories of how we perceive color, including that we have cone cells sensitive to different wavelengths and the opponent-process theory of color vision. 3) How sound waves enter the ear, vibrate the eardrum and bones, and stimulate hair cells in the cochlea to send signals to the brain. 4) The theories of how we hear pitch and frequency, including the frequency, place, and volley theories

Chapter 3 Psych. 1

ldelzeit

The document summarizes key concepts about sensation and perception from a psychology textbook chapter. It defines sensation as the basic detection of stimuli by sensory receptors and perception as the interpretation and organization of sensory information. It describes the structure of the eye and visual system, including rods and cones, and discusses thresholds, color vision, perceptual organization principles like Gestalt, illusions, and depth perception cues.

sensation and perception

Myren_BSA

Psych 200 Sensation and Perception

Don Thompson

Sensation and perception focuses on how physical stimuli like light and sound are translated into psychological experiences. There are two main aspects - sensation, which is the detection of stimuli by the senses, and perception, which is the interpretation and organization of sensory information. The five main senses are vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Thresholds refer to the minimum amount of stimulation needed for detection. Factors like adaptation, learning, and psychological states can influence perception.

2011 ch 4

Alex Holub

The document summarizes key concepts about human sensory systems and perception. It discusses the main sensory systems of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and balance. For each sense, it describes the basic structures and mechanisms involved in sensation and transduction. It also covers various visual illusions and perceptual phenomena like apparent motion, depth cues, and constancies that demonstrate how perception interprets and organizes sensory information.

The document provides an overview of sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the detection of physical stimuli and perception as how the brain interprets sensory information. It discusses the different senses including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. For vision, it describes the eye anatomy and visual processes like color vision, depth perception, and visual illusions. For hearing, it discusses the ear anatomy and auditory localization. It also addresses topics like sensory thresholds, adaptation, and influences on perception.

7 sensation

ScenicProps Design

The document discusses the process of visual sensation and perception. It begins by defining sensation as the biological detection of stimulus information through receptors. It then describes the key components of the human eye that are involved in visual sensation, including the cornea, iris, lens, retina with rods and cones, as well as the role of the brain in processing visual information. The document emphasizes that understanding visual sensation is important for artists and designers to effectively present and manipulate visual material.

Chapter3 Gen

fiedlert

The document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the stimulation of the senses and perception as how we organize and interpret sensations. It then discusses the sequence of events involved in sensation, including stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of signals to the brain. Finally, it briefly outlines several senses like vision, hearing, smell, and touch, and discusses perceptual processes.

Sensation & Perception

Alex Holub

Sensation is the detection of a stimulus by the senses, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information. Sensory receptors detect physical stimuli and transmit neural signals to the brain for perception. The brain integrates sensory information to form a conscious experience and interpretation of the environment. Perception involves both bottom-up processing of sensory data and top-down effects of memory and experience. Various perceptual illusions demonstrate how perception does not always accurately reflect objective reality.

chapter 5-sensory, attentional and perceptual processes

LabhanshiBhargava

This document discusses sensory, attentional and perceptual processes and provides definitions of key terms. It includes 22 multiple choice questions about topics like absolute and difference thresholds, light and dark adaptation, visual receptors, parts of the eye and ear, theories of attention, form perception and Gestalt psychology. It also provides short answer questions to explain concepts like the dimensions of color and sound, theories of selective attention, and factors influencing sustained attention.

PSY 150 403 CHAPTER 6 SLIDES

kimappel

This document provides an overview of key concepts in sensation and perception, as presented in a PowerPoint by Jim Foley. It discusses the senses and how sensory information is processed by the brain to form perceptions. Specific topics covered include the distinction between sensation and perception, thresholds, sensory adaptation, perceptual set, effects of context and emotion on perception, vision and color perception, visual processing in the brain, and how perceptual organization allows us to interpret sensory input.

CHAPTER 3PERCEPTIONGraham Pike, Graham Edgar, and Helen

samirapdcosden

CHAPTER 3 PERCEPTION Graham Pike, Graham Edgar, and Helen Edgar 1 INTRODUCTION If you have ever searched frantically for an object that turns out to have been right in front of you all along, then this chapter may make you feel better. For, as you will see, perception of even the simplest object is actu- ally a very complex aff air. So, next time you turn the house upside down looking for your keys and then fi nd them in the fi rst place you looked, remember that your brain is using extremely sophisticated processes, many of which are beyond even the most advanced computer programs available today (not that computer programs ever lose their keys!). Th e sophistication of the cognitive processes that allow us to perceive visually is perhaps, if perversely, revealed best through the errors that our perceptual system can make. Figure 3.1 contains three very simple visual illusions that illustrate this. Image (a) is the Müller– Lyer illusion, in which the vertical line on the left is perceived as being longer even though both lines are of an identical length. Image (b) is a Necker cube, in which it is possible to perceive the cube in either of two perspec- tives (although you can never see both at the same time so please do not strain your eyes trying). Image (c) is Kanizsa’s (1976) illusory square, in which a square is perceived even though the image does not contain a square but only four three-quarter-complete circles. If the cognitive processes involved in perception were simple, then it would be hard to see how the eff ects in Figure 3.1 could occur. Aft er all, they are all based on very straightforward geometric shapes that should be easy to perceive accurately. Activity 3.1 dem- onstrates that there must be more sophisticated processes that have been developed to perceive the complex visual environment, which get confused or tricked by elements of these images. In fact the three eff ects above are likely to be caused because our visual system has evolved to perceive solid, three-dimensional (3D) objects and attempts to interpret the two- dimensional (2D) shapes as resulting from 3D scenes. Perceptual errors arising from localized damage to the brain also demonstrate the complexities involved in visual perception. Some of the problems faced by people suff ering from specifi c neuropsychological conditions include: being able to recognize objects but not faces (prosopagnosia); being able to perceive individual parts of the environment but not to integrate these parts into a whole; believing that one’s family has been replaced by robots/aliens or impostors of the same appearance (Capgras syndrome); and only being able to perceive one side of an object (visual, or sensory, neglect – see Chapter 2, Section 5.1). Co py ri gh t © 2 01 2. O UP O xf or d. A ll r ig ht s re se rv ed . Ma y no t be r ep ro du ce d in a ny f or m wi th ou t pe rm is si on f ro m th e pu bl is ...

Final project agnosias

Maria Cristina Croitoru

1. The document discusses different types of agnosias, or losses of knowledge, caused by lesions to higher-order processing areas of the brain. It provides three examples: motion agnosia, contralateral neglect, and color agnosia. 2. The author discusses how learning about the brain and different cognitive disorders has made them more understanding and tolerant of other people's differing interpretations of the world. 3. The author's favorite part of the course was learning about motor function and the cerebellum, and how insights into the brain have changed their views on intelligence.

Sensation & Perception

guest370e9

The document discusses various topics related to sensation and perception including: - How different senses like vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch work through sensory receptors and neural pathways - Factors that influence perception like constancies, gestalt principles, depth cues, and illusions - Specifics on visual perception including parts of the eye, color vision, blind spots; and specifics on auditory perception including parts of the ear and theories of pitch - Types of sensory impairments and ways to help people with impairments like cochlear implants

Psychology Chapter 8

Jeremy Rinkel

Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception involves interpreting and organizing these sensory inputs into meaningful experiences. Psychophysics studies the quantitative relationships between physical stimuli and perceptual experiences. The key senses are vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, and the vestibular and kinesthetic senses. Perception involves organizing sensory information and making inferences to interpret our experiences.

Chapter5

jenniferdavis22

This document provides an overview of sensation and perception. It discusses how sensation is the detection of physical stimuli through the senses, while perception involves interpreting sensations. Sensory processes like threshold, adaptation, and transduction are explained. The key senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell are described in terms of their stimuli, receptors, and neural processing. Higher-level concepts such as perceptual organization, memory, attention, and individual differences are also briefly covered.

Vision

Joshua Miranda

The document discusses theories of colour vision and how they relate to artists. It explains that the retina contains rod and cone cells that are sensitive to light. The duplication theory of vision proposes that we have both a cone system for bright light/daylight vision and a rod system for dim light vision. Cones are responsible for colour vision and acuity, while rods function in low light. When painting, artists perceive colour, brightness, and form based on the light wavelengths and energy absorbed and reflected by the objects and hitting the retina.

General Principles of the Sensory Systems and Perceptionby Ken.docx

hanneloremccaffery

General Principles of the Sensory Systems and Perception by Ken Koenigshofer, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 Imagine that your brain was isolated from the external world. Could you experience the world? The answer is "No." Could you direct your behavior successfully (adaptively) in the world if your brain was isolated from contact with the external world? Again the answer is "No." The brain, without sensory systems, is in fact isolated from the world. After all, the brain is inside your skull, hidden away from the external world. So, there must be systems that can get information about the external world into your head. We will consider several major ideas in this lecture. What I want to do is to give you several principles that apply in general to all of our sensory systems, and to the sensory systems of most animals as well (and perhaps life forms elsewhere in the universe if they exist). If you can understand these general principles it will be easier to learn the specific facts about each sensory system. In addition, your understanding of these general principles will also allow you to gain insight into some very interesting issues, some of which border on the philosophical. Have you heard the question posed, perhaps in a philosophy class, "If a tree falls in a forest and there is no one there to hear it, was there a sound?" You will be able to answer this and to explain the rationale for your unexpected answer to others who probably won't agree with you (you'll be able to convince them!). Well, let's get started. Sensory systems are the input systems to the brain. However, interestingly, the brain itself is completely insensitive to the external world in its raw forms. The brain uses neural code. It deals in neuron potentials. It cannot deal with the world in its raw forms. Energies in the external world must be converted into neuron potentials. Here's what I mean. Imagine that you are a neurosurgeon. Like others of your profession, when you do brain surgery, one of the first steps is to open up the skull of your patient under a local anesthetic, which deadens the scalp and the skull, but leaves your patient conscious and alert. The reason this is possible is because there are no pain receptors in the brain itself, but only in the surrounding scalp, skull, and meninges (a three-layered membrane covering the brain and attached to the skull). Now imagine, that with the skull opened up and the brain exposed, you direct a beam of light from a flashlight in the darkened surgery room at the visual area of the brain, at the rear of it's exposed surface (this is the primary visual cortex). To make this example even more clear, imagine that your patient is blindfolded. Would your patient "see" the light beam, which is now striking and flooding with illumination the visual cells of his or her brain? I think you can see that, obviously, the patient does not see the beam of light, even though the beam of light is flooding with illumination the ...

lec 7 sensation.pptx

Tania233747

This document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process by which the senses receive sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information by the brain. It then focuses on describing sensation in more detail, including the role of sensory receptors, thresholds, adaptation, and transduction. Finally, it provides an in-depth overview of vision and the anatomy of the eye, describing the external structures, internal structures like the retina, and processes like accommodation and adaptation.

Sensation

Barsha Paul

The document discusses the differences between sensation and perception. Sensation is the passive process of detecting stimuli through the senses, while perception is the active process of interpreting sensory information. Both work together, with sensations providing raw data to the brain and perceptions forming meaningful interpretations. It then focuses on vision, describing the structure of the eye, color perception theories, and Gestalt principles of perceptual organization.

Brainy mind

Elsa von Licy

Richard Gregory summarizes the key points of the document in 3 sentences: Sensations of consciousness, called qualia, are created by the brain rather than received from external stimuli. Perceptions are predictive hypotheses based on stored knowledge from past experiences. Qualia may serve to flag the present moment to distinguish it from memories and anticipations, as perceptions rely heavily on past knowledge and the present needs to be identified for appropriate behavior.

The human eye

shorab hosen

This document summarizes the structure and function of the human eye. It describes the main components of the eye including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, ciliary muscles, retina, and blind spot. It explains how color vision works through the trichromatic theory involving three types of cones. Common vision defects like myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia, and cataracts are also outlined along with their corrections. In conclusion, the eye is called the photoreceptor and most important sensory organ that allows vision, which is a gift that must be protected from disease.

Psychology of Perception & Attention

Dr.Mohammad Hussein

Perception is the active process by which the cognitive system constructs an internal representation of the outside world based on sensory input. It involves both bottom-up processing of sensory stimuli and top-down influences from expectations and prior knowledge. The mind forms a global whole using Gestalt principles and depth is perceived through binocular and monocular cues. Object recognition involves basic feature detection, grouping, figure-ground segregation, and matching with memory representations to apply meaning. Perception can be distorted by illusions or disrupted by agnosias and other disorders.

CHAPTER 2.pptx

belachewdeginet261

Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors detect stimuli, while perception is how our brain interprets and organizes these sensations. Some key differences are that sensation is largely sensory-based, while perception involves higher-level cognitive processes. An example is that hearing sounds is a sensory process, but forming a melody from those sounds is perceptual. Our sensations and perceptions are closely intertwined, making them difficult to separate in everyday experiences. The document then discusses sensory thresholds and adaptation, as well as various Gestalt principles that govern our perception of forms and organization of visual elements, such as proximity, similarity, closure and continuity. Depth perception relies on both binocular cues like retinal disparity and monocular cues involving relative

Chapter 5

Dalat International School

The document provides an overview of key concepts in sensation and perception. It discusses the basic principles of sensation including thresholds, adaptation and psychophysics. It then examines the senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell and movement. For vision it explores light characteristics, the eye anatomy, visual processing and color vision. For hearing it covers sound characteristics, ear anatomy, theories of audition and localization of sounds. It emphasizes that sensation and perception involve both bottom-up and top-down processing to construct representations of the external world.

Chapter003 150907175411-lva1-app6891

Chapter3flashcards 160303170606

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Chapter3flashcards 160303170606