atom molecule ions and isotopes

1. The smallest particle of an element
and not breakable anymore.
Examples:
Atom of hydrogen
atom of magnesium
atom of oxygen
atom of chlorine
H
Mg
Cl
O
Particle theory

2. Usually made up of
two or more elements
which are chemically
bonded together
Matter

3. A group of two @ more atoms,
which might consist of:
one type of element (Element)
@ different types of element
(Compound)

4. Examples of element molecules:
Molecule of hydrogen gas
Molecule of oxygen gas
Molecule of chlorine gas
OO
Cl Cl
H
H

5. Examples of compound molecules:
Molecule of water, H2O
Molecule of ammonia, NH3
Molecule of ethanol, C2H5OH
H
H
O
H
H
H N
O
C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
Particle theory

6. Ions are atoms which have
charge
Positively-charged ion /cation (loss e-
)
Negatively charged ion / anion (gain e-)
+
-

7. Hydrogen atom Hydrogen ion
Magnesium atom Magnesium ion
Oxygen atom Oxide ion
Chlorine atom Chlorine ion
Particle theory
H+
H
Lose electron
Mg2+Lose electronMg
O2
-
Gain electron
O
Cl
-
Gain electronCl
Symbol of element
Examples of ions:

8. Subatomic Particle In An Atom
Proton Electron
Neutron
Nucleus
of atom Electron
shells

9. ARRANGEMENT OF SHELLS IN AN ATOM
NUCLEUS
2 ELECTRONS
8 ELECTRONS
8 ELECTRONS
18 ELECTRONS
1
2
3
4

10. Electron arrangement in the
carbon atom
C
12
6
 proton number = 6
number of protons = 6
number of electrons = 6
2 . 4
= electron
nucleus
Number of valence
electrons = 4

11. • Proton number (p) –
number of protons in the nucleus of atom
• Nucleon number (p+n)–
total number of protons and neutrons in
the nucleus of atom

12. 2.3 ISOTOPES

13. • Isotopes is just like twins,
same genetic but different of DNA
• atoms of the same element with
same number of protons but
different number of neutrons
What is isotopes?

14. Examples of Isotopes
• Take a look at Wikipedia isotopes table
• Hydrogen :
• Graphite :
• Oxygen :
1
1
H
3
1
H
2
1
H
12
6
C
14
6
C
13
6
C
16
8
O
18
8
O17
8
O

15. Isotopes of Hydrogen
Hydrogen :
1
1
H
2
1
H
3
1
H