This document defines elements, compounds, and mixtures. It provides examples of common elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. Elements are made of atoms and cannot be broken down further. Compounds are formed when elements chemically combine in molecules. Compounds have different properties than their constituent elements. Mixtures contain elements or compounds mixed together but not chemically combined. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with a uniform composition, or heterogeneous, containing distinct substances or phases.

2. Activity
Read it Fast
1. Comp- found
2. Elem- mint
3. Math- tear
4. Mole- lick qules

3. Elements ,compounds, and
mixtures

5. • Matter - anything that has mass and take any space

7. • Element issingle matter that cannot be broken
down into simpler matter by chemical methods.
• There are 1
1
6known elements. Of these 92 are found
in the Earth (natural). The other 24 elements have
been made by scientist in laboratories (manmade).
Examples of element:
Fluorine
Aluminium
Gold
silver
Mercury

8. The Symbol of element
• Rules of writing element symbols:
1. If an element issymbolized by one letter, it must be capital
letter, for example oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), carbon (C).
2. If an element issymbolized by more than one letters, the first
letter must be capital letter followed by small letter, for
example zinc (Zn), gold (Au), copper (Cu).

9. Think Time
• What are the chemical symbols of the following
elements?
a) Bromine
b) Silver
c) Uranium
d) Antimony
e) Tungsten
f) Mercury
g) Calcium
h) Natrium
i) Potassium
j) Helium
• What are the names of the elements with the
following chemical symbols?
a) Si
b) P
c) Sn
d) Pb
e) Au
f) Ni
g) Al
h)Mg
i) Zn
f) S

10. Noble gases
lead
mercury
copper
boron
silikon
carbon
chlorine neon
sulphur
.
METAL NON- METAL
METALLOID
⦿Classification of elements as metal and non- metals
are classified as metals and non-metals, depending on how well they conduc
electricity and heat.
– Metals are good conductors and Non-metal very poor electrical
conductors.
– Some elements are classified as Metalloids (or semi-metals).
Metalloids have properties between those of metals and non metals

11. Properties Metals Non-metals
Ability to conduct
heat and electricity
Good conductor Poor conductor
(except carbon)
Densities, melting
and boiling point
Usually solids
(except
mercury), high
densities, high
melting points
and boiling
points
Usually liquid and
gases with low
densities, low
melting points
and boiling points
Appearance Usually hard and
shiny
Usually soft and
dull
Are they
malleable?
(mudah ditempa )
Yes No

12. ⦿Classification of elements as in the periodic table

13. What are elements made of?
• Atoms
 An atom isthe smallest unit of an element, having
properties of that element.
 The atoms of one element are different from the
atoms of any other element. For example, all
hydrogen atoms are the same and are different
from atoms of carbon or iron.
• Molecules
 Most gaseouselements form molecules comprising
two atoms.
Example:
–Oxygen (O2),
–Hydrogen (H2),
–Nitrogen (N2),
–Chlorine (Cl2)
N N
+
N2 Gases
N N

14. Post test
Answer this question.
• Define an element.
• State the names and symbols of
some common elements.
• Describe ways of classifying the
elements.
www.chem4kids.com

15. • Compound isa substance containing two or more
elements chemically joined together.
• Compound isa single matter that cannot
be broken down by physical separation.
• The compound can only be broken down into its
elements by a chemical reaction.

16. ⦿If elements combine together, they will
completely change.
For example:
◾Water (H2O) is a compound made up of Hydrogen
and Oxygen.
Hydrogen and Oxygen are colourless gases, and
the compound water is colourless liquid
H H O H
H
O
+

17. What are Compound made of?
⦿Molecules is the smallest particle of a compound.
⦿A compound contain only one kind of molecule.
⦿Molecule is a group of two or more atoms
chemically joined together.

18. The chemical formula for water is
This formula tells us that a water molecule
contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen
atom
The chemical formula of a molecule shows the
number and kinds of atoms contained in it.
Symbol of
atom
The amount of
atoms present in
one molecule

19. 1. State the number of atoms and name the
kinds of atoms shown by each formula
a. Alcohol, C2H5OH
b. Refined sugar, C12H22O11
c. Sulphuric acid, H2SO4
d. Sulphur dioxide, SO2
e. Glucose, C2H12O6
f. Urea, CO (NH2)2

20. • In the world, there are many things that’s
not pure substances.
• Mixtures consist of two or more
substances that are not chemically joined
together.
• Mixtures can consist of elements,
compounds
a water is mixture of
compounds including water
and sodium chloride Brass is a mixture of
the elements copper

21. Homogeneous
The prefixes: "hetero"- indicate
difference.
A heterogeneous mixture consists
of visibly different substances or
phases. The three phases or states
of matter are gas, liquid, and solid.
Heterogeneous
The prefixes "homo"- indicate
sameness
A homogeneous mixture has the
same uniform appearance and
composition throughout. Many
homogeneous mixtures are
commonly referred to as
solutions.
In sugar
solution, sugar
is the solute
and water is
the solvent