This chapter discusses researching, supporting, and delivering ideas. It covers researching your topic, using supporting materials like explanations, comparisons, illustrations, examples, statistics, and expert opinions to clarify, prove, and add interest. It discusses improving delivery through body language, gestures, voice, language, and confidence. The key purposes of supporting materials are to clarify, prove, and add interest to ideas. Explanations should be brief and used for clarification, not proof. Comparisons show similarities or differences to make things easier to understand. Illustrations and examples are used for both proof and clarification. Statistics and expert opinions are also discussed.

1. Chapter 12
“Researching, Supporting, and
Delivering Your Ideas”
Morgan Garrison, Brittany Griffith, Lacey Viar, Sarah Woll

2. Lacey Viar
Researching Your Topic

3. Morgan Garrison
Verbal Supporting Materials

4. “Supporting Materials are
informative materials that serve as
a foundation for our ideas”
Page 324

5. Supporting Materials
Three Purposes Six Categories
Explanations
To Clarify Comparisons
Illustrations
To Prove Examples
Statistics
To Add Interest Expert Opinions

6. Explaining the Six Categories
Explanations, Comparisons, Illustrations, Examples, Statis
tics, and Expert Opinions

7. “In an explanation the speaker
describes the relationship between
certain items, defines a term or
word, or gives instructions on how
to do something or how to get
somewhere”
Page 344

8. Explanations Should
Be specific but brief
Be used only for
clarification, not proof
Not be overused

9. “Speakers use comparisons to show
the similarities or differences
between something the listeners
know and something they do not
know”
Page 345

10. Comparisons
Types Comparisons
Literal Relate unfamiliar to
familiar
Comparisons
Effective and easy
Figurative way to add interest
Comparisons Used to clarify

11. “An illustration is a narrative or
story told in vivid detail to paint a
picture for the listener”
Page 346

12. Illustrations
Types Illustrations Should
Be detailed and vivid
Factual Relate clearly to point
If factual, used both to clarify
illustrations and to add proof
Used by speakers in
Hypothetical introductions
If hypothetical, used only for
illustrations clarification

13. “Examples are brief references to
specific items or events that are
used for both proof and
clarification”
Page 347

14. Why follow
Illustrations with
Examples?
• Shows audience that
with more time comes
more facts

15. Examples
May contain no detail, or may include few brief
facts
Are used for both clarification and proof
Are most effective when used in groups of two or
more
Included immediately after factual illustration to
add additional proof

16. “Statistics are numbers used to
show relationships between items”
Page 348

17. Statistics
Statistics from Speaker Statistics to Audience
Relate to their frame of Relate to audience’s interests
reference and knowledge
Eliminate unnecessary Be used sparingly
statistics Easier with charts, graphs or
tables
Round off to an easy number
Should be cited
Demonstrate credibility
Used for clarification and
proof

18. “Expert opinion refers to the ideas
of an expert in the
filed, paraphrased or quoted
directly by the speaker”
Page 349

19. Expert Opinions
Be sure to Expert Opinions
State the name of the expert Be kept brief
Briefly describe qualifications Used for clarification and
unless common knowledge proof
Briefly cite where and when it Quoted as if expert is saying it
was said Be followed by explanation

20. Sarah Woll
Improving Delivery

21. Delivery and Non Verbal
Communication
Body Language and Gestures

22. A Speaker Should…
• Be relaxed
• Be enthusiastic
• Be natural

23. Delivery and Non Verbal Behavior
Gestures Tips
Help you appear Do not overdo it!
natural and add Try stepping
forward, backward, or
enthusiasm/importa side-to-side
nce to your Move at
presentation beginning, end, or when
emphasizing a point

24. Delivery and Verbal Communications

25. Delivery and Voice
Volume, Pitch, Emphasis, and Rate

26. Delivery and Voice
Volume Pitch
Loud enough to be Step changes
heard through room
in pitch to add
Increase/Decrease
volume with interest
emphasis

27. Delivery and Voice
Emphasis Rate
Increase pitch and volume Rate effects listener
Emphasizing certain words attention
changes the sentence
meaning Be sure to pause after
Example: important phrases or
Why did you fire him?
Why did you fire him?
ideas for absorption

28. Delivery and Language
Oral Language, and Persuasive Language

29. Oral Language
• Should be
short, simple
sentences
• No long, technical
words
• Best language is
vivid, specific, and
simple

30. Persuasive
Language
• Straight forward and
forceful
• Words set
moods, feelings, tones, and
themes
• Use stylistic language to
make speech memorable
• Use “sweet and sour” words

31. Advantage Effective
Decline Crisis
Waste
Reliable Useful

32. Confident Delivery
Practice
Stand up, speak out loud, and use visuals
It is okay to be nervous, but don’t let it show
Never say sorry after a mistake
Maintain Composure
Do not toy with items, hair, clothing

33. Questions?