The document outlines seven principles of effective writing:
1. Appropriate content for the audience by knowing your readers and addressing their needs and interests.
2. Focus and unity by establishing a clear topic and maintaining consistency of tone, purpose, and point of view.
3. Organization using logical structures like chronology, importance, or topics to group and sequence ideas.
4. Proper sentence structure with varied lengths and avoidance of unnecessary complexity.
5. Strategic diction and word usage to clearly convey intended meanings.
6. Correct mechanics of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and formatting.
Rapid lose and endangerment of languages is occurring on a global scale. What are some of the causes of this? What consequences might it have, especially for speakers of minority languages? Discuss some of the steps proposed for diagnosing, halting and reversing language shift. Identify a language that is facing extinction or endangered. Discuss what can be done to revitalize it.
Rapid lose and endangerment of languages is occurring on a global scale. What are some of the causes of this? What consequences might it have, especially for speakers of minority languages? Discuss some of the steps proposed for diagnosing, halting and reversing language shift. Identify a language that is facing extinction or endangered. Discuss what can be done to revitalize it.
We all need to be able to write clear, concise texts that convey our messages. Writing is a difficult skill to master but there are some tips you can learn to help you.
• Learn 8 really easy to use techniques to make your writing clear and effective
• Help your readers by structuring your sentences and paragraphs
• Learn how to adapt your key messages for different audiences
• Adapt your writing style to different formats including policy papers, reports, web writing and writing for social media
This advanced writing skills course is for staff who have to write a variety of texts under time pressure. It is designed for people who work in policy areas who have to express complex issues clearly.
TESOL Pedagogy: The Communicative Approachryanmccoy2323
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Methodology
• Emphasis on pair/group work
• Use of authentic materials/situations
• Provides cultural information
• Process vs. product oriented
• Focus on social aspect of learning L2
• Embedding real-life context
• Focus on negotiation of meaning vs. accuracy
COMMUNICATION IS AN PROCESS OF TRANSMITTING IDEAS AND INFORMATION FROM ONE TO ANOTHER
ORAL COMMUNICATION IS AN IMPORTANT COMMUNICATION WHICH HELPS IN BETTER COMMUNICATION AND UNDERSTANDING
Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversation.
We all need to be able to write clear, concise texts that convey our messages. Writing is a difficult skill to master but there are some tips you can learn to help you.
• Learn 8 really easy to use techniques to make your writing clear and effective
• Help your readers by structuring your sentences and paragraphs
• Learn how to adapt your key messages for different audiences
• Adapt your writing style to different formats including policy papers, reports, web writing and writing for social media
This advanced writing skills course is for staff who have to write a variety of texts under time pressure. It is designed for people who work in policy areas who have to express complex issues clearly.
TESOL Pedagogy: The Communicative Approachryanmccoy2323
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Methodology
• Emphasis on pair/group work
• Use of authentic materials/situations
• Provides cultural information
• Process vs. product oriented
• Focus on social aspect of learning L2
• Embedding real-life context
• Focus on negotiation of meaning vs. accuracy
COMMUNICATION IS AN PROCESS OF TRANSMITTING IDEAS AND INFORMATION FROM ONE TO ANOTHER
ORAL COMMUNICATION IS AN IMPORTANT COMMUNICATION WHICH HELPS IN BETTER COMMUNICATION AND UNDERSTANDING
Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversation.
Evaluation EssayAssignmentWe have the opportunity to select.docxturveycharlyn
Evaluation Essay
Assignment:
We have the opportunity to select and evaluate a subject in order to present our overall assessment by supporting it with criteria and evidence. The essay will be approximately 3-5 pages in length, incorporate at least two sources, and include a Works Cited page. Note: Any essay that does not have a Works Cited page will have the final grade lowered by one letter. This assignment is worth a total of 100 points.
Rationale:
The skills used in this assignment are essential creating a coherent essay based on criteria, justification, and evidence as well as creating a discussion based on a controlling idea (e.g., claim).
Process:
1. Select a subject that you’re familiar with that also falls under one of the following categories: commercial product/service, work of art, or performance.
2. Determine 4-5 criteria by which to evaluate the subject and determine to what degree the subject meets each standard.
3. Formulate a claim that represents your overall assessment about the subject.
4. Construct a 3-5 page evaluation essay presents your claim and supports it with criteria, justification, and evidence.
Essay Organization/Structure:
Because this essay is arranged deductively, we’ll use the following essay structure:
Introductory paragraph(s): Provide an engaging lead, background information about the work of subject, and claim.
Body paragraphs: Provide a transition, state the standard being used to evaluate the subject and why/how it’s important, followed by evidence that demonstrates the ways in which the subject meets or doesn’t meet the standard.
Conclusion: Provide an ending that “wraps up” the discussion rather than summarizes it.
Keep in Mind:
We must determine the criteria before we evaluate the subject. We must ask ourselves: What is the general subject? What are the criteria? Why are the criteria important? What is the specific subject? How does the subject meet/not meet each standard? What is my overall claim?
Also, we may use the sources we research any way we want. For instance, we may want to use sources to help present background information about the subject or to help present the evidence. No matter what, though, we must cite and document the sources.
Effective Essay:
An effective evaluation essay will have the following characteristics:
· A narrowed scope and clear, precise claim
· A clear sense of purpose, focus, and perspective
· Development of the overall analysis and evaluation
· An organizational structure appropriate to purpose, audience, and context
· Language and style appropriate to the audience and context
· Appropriate detail, information, and examples
· Proper mechanics (spelling, grammar, punctuation)
Format and Design:
Your essay will follow these format and design requirements:
· Use MLA format where in the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date; include a title for your essay using standard capitaliz.
2137ad - Characters that live in Merindol and are at the center of main storiesluforfor
Kurgan is a russian expatriate that is secretly in love with Sonia Contado. Henry is a british soldier that took refuge in Merindol Colony in 2137ad. He is the lover of Sonia Contado.
2137ad Merindol Colony Interiors where refugee try to build a seemengly norm...luforfor
This are the interiors of the Merindol Colony in 2137ad after the Climate Change Collapse and the Apocalipse Wars. Merindol is a small Colony in the Italian Alps where there are around 4000 humans. The Colony values mainly around meritocracy and selection by effort.
Explore the multifaceted world of Muntadher Saleh, an Iraqi polymath renowned for his expertise in visual art, writing, design, and pharmacy. This SlideShare delves into his innovative contributions across various disciplines, showcasing his unique ability to blend traditional themes with modern aesthetics. Learn about his impactful artworks, thought-provoking literary pieces, and his vision as a Neo-Pop artist dedicated to raising awareness about Iraq's cultural heritage. Discover why Muntadher Saleh is celebrated as "The Last Polymath" and how his multidisciplinary talents continue to inspire and influence.
Hadj Ounis's most notable work is his sculpture titled "Metamorphosis." This piece showcases Ounis's mastery of form and texture, as he seamlessly combines metal and wood to create a dynamic and visually striking composition. The juxtaposition of the two materials creates a sense of tension and harmony, inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between nature and industry.
1. Seven Principles of Effective
Writing
Presented by
Faheem Ullah (007)
Zaman Arshad Khan (008)
Safeer Akhtar (012)
2. contents
• Definition of writing
• Principles of effective writing
Appropriate content to the audience
Focus
Unity
Organization
Sentence structure
Diction
Word usage
Mechanics
3. Definition of writing
• Writing can be said to be the act of forming the symbols: making
marks on flat surface of some kind.
• Writing is a process where symbols have to be arranged according to
a certain convention to form words and words have to be arranged to
form sentences.
• Writing involves encoding of a message of some kind: that is, we
translate our thoughts into language.
4. Principles of Writing
1. Appropriate content to the audience
• The most important element of your writing.
• knowing your audience helps you to make decisions about what
information you should include, how you should arrange that
information, and what kind of supporting details will be necessary for
the reader to understand what you are presenting
• It also influences the tone and structure of the document.
• To develop and present an effective argument, you need to be able to
appeal to and address your audience.
5. 2.Focus and Unity
Focus
Focus is the Feature of Effective Writing that answers the question “So
What”
Focus is the topic/subject established by the writer in response to the
writing task.
. The writer must clearly establish a focus as he/she fulfills the
assignment of the prompt. If the writer retreats from the subject
matter presented in the prompt or addresses it too broadly, the focus is
weakened.
6. • . Focus determines what choices the writer makes about everything
from organizational structure to elaborative details to word choice,
sentence length, and punctuation.
• At the same time, effective writers take advantage of the appropriate
supporting features to strengthen the focus of their writing.
7. Unity
Unity comes in many forms:
• Unity of pronoun: first person, third person, as an observer, etc.
• Unity of tense: past, present, future, etc. Don’t switch back and forth
(with some exceptions).
• Unity of mood: casual voice, formal, personal but formal, dry
understatement, humor, etc. Don’t mix two or three.
• Unity of attitude: involved, detached, judgmental, ironic, etc.
8. • Unity of purpose: as the first principle of writing well states, make
one point, and make it well. Authors often have a definitiveness
complex and feel obligated to make their article the last word on a
subject. There is no last word. Bite off one corner of your subject. Be
content to cover it well and stop. Every writing project must be
reduced before you start to write.
9. 3.Organization
• Organization is the progression, relatedness, and completeness of ideas
• Chronological order:Items, events, or even ideas are arranged in the
order in which they occur. This pattern is marked by such transitions
as next, then, the following morning, a few hours later, still later, that
Wednesday, by noon, when she was seventeen, before the sun rose,
that April, and so on.
10. • Climactic order/Order of importance: In this pattern, items are
arranged from least important to most important. Typical transitions
would include more important, most difficult, still harder, by far the
most expensive, even more damaging, worse yet, and so on. This is a
flexible principle of organization, and may guide the organization of
all or part of example, comparison & contrast, cause & effect, and
description.
11. • Topical order: It refers to organization that emerges from the topic
itself. For example, a description of a computer might naturally
involve the separate components of the central processing unit, the
monitor, and the keyboard, while a discussion of a computer
purchase might discuss needs, products, vendors, and service.
• Spatial order: In this pattern, items are arranged according to their
physical position or relationships.
12. 4. Sentence structure
• In English grammar, sentence structure is the arrangement of words,
phrases, and clauses in a sentence.
• The most common word order in English sentences is Subject-Verb-
Object (SVO).
• A sentence should contain a single unit of information. Therefore,
avoid compound sentences wherever possible - be on the lookout for
words like AND, OR, WHILE which are often used unnecessarily to
build a compound sentence.
13. • Check your sentences for faulty construction. Incorrect use of
commas is a common cause of poorly constructed and excessively
long sentences.
• Use parentheses sparingly. Most uses are due to sheer laziness and
can be avoided by breaking up the sentence. NEVER use nested
parentheses under any circumstances if you want to retain your
reader.
15. 5. Diction and word usage
Diction
In rhetoric and composition, diction is the choice and use of words in
speech or writing. Also called word choice.
In phonology and phonetics, diction is a way of speaking, usually
judged in terms of prevailing standards of pronunciation and elocution.
Also called enunciation and articulation.
16. Word Usage
Usage refers to conventions of both written and spoken language that
include word order, verb tense, and subject-verb agreement.
Usage may be easier than mechanics to teach because children enter
school with a basic knowledge of how to use language to communicate.
As children are learning to use oral language, they experiment with
usage and learn by practice what is expected and appropriate.
17. 6. Mechanics
• Mechanics are the conventions of print that do not exist in oral
language, including spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and
paragraphs.
• they do not exist in oral language, students have to consciously learn
how mechanics function in written language.
• For example, while speakers do not have to be conscious of the
spellings of words, writers not only have to use standard spelling for
each word but may even have to use different spellings for words that
sound the same but have different meanings.