Android is an open source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications for mobile devices. It allows developers to write managed code in Java for the Dalvik virtual machine. The Android software development kit provides tools and APIs to develop and debug apps using standard Java libraries and Android specific ones. Apps are packaged and distributed through the Android Market which is preinstalled on Android devices.

1. Chapter1
Getting started with Android
Programming

2. What is Android?
• Features of Android
• Architecture
• Architecture of Android
• The Android Market
• The Android Developer Community

3. Obtaining the Required Tools
• Android SDK
• Installing the Android SDK Tools
• Configuring the Android SDK Manager
• Eclipse
• Android Development Tool (ADT)
• Creating Android Virtual Device (AVDs)

4. • Creating your first Android App
• Anatomy of an Android Application
• Summary

5. What is Android?
 Android is a software stack for
mobile devices that includes an
operating system, middleware
and key applications.

6. Version

7. Android Versions
Versions Released Date Codename
1.1 9 Feb 2009
1.5 30 April 2009 Cupcake
1.6 15 September 2009 Donut
2.0/2.1 26 October 2009 Eclair
2.2 20 May 2010 Froyo
2.3 6 December 2010 Gingerbread
3.0/3.1/3.2 22 Feb 2011 Honeycomb
4.0 19 October 2011 Ice cream Sandwich

8. Android Features
• Storage
• Connectivity
• Message
• Web Browser
• Media Support

9. Android Architecture

10. 10
• Android provides a set of core applications:
 Email Client
 SMS Program
 Calendar
 Maps
 Browser
 Contacts
 Etc
• All applications are written using the Java language.
Android - Applications

11. 11
• Enabling and simplifying the reuse of
components
 Developers have full access to the same
framework APIs used by the core applications.
 Users are allowed to replace components.
Android – App Framework

12. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 12
• Features
Feature Role
View
System
Used to build an application, including lists, grids, text
boxes, buttons, and embedded web browser
Content
Provider
Enabling applications to access data from other
applications or to share their own data
Resource
Manager
Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings, graphics, and
layout files)
Notification
Manager
Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the
status bar
Activity
Manager
Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing
a common navigation backstack
Android – App Framework (cont)

13. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 13
• Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by
components of the Android system
• Exposed to developers through the Android
application framework
Android - Libraries

14. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 14
• Core Libraries
 Providing most of the functionality available in the core
libraries of the Java language
 APIs
Data Structures
Utilities
File Access
Network Access
Graphics
Etc
Android - Runtimes

15. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 15
• Dalvik Virtual Machine
Providing environment on which every Android
application runs
Each Android application runs in its own process, with
its own instance of the Dalvik VM.
Dalvik has been written such that a device can run
multiple VMs efficiently.
Register-based virtual machine
Android – Runtimes (cont)

16. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 16
• Dalvik Virtual Machine (Cont)
Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format
.dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint.
Compilation
Relying on the Linux Kernel for:
Threading
Low-level memory management
Android – Runtimes (cont)

17. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 17
 Relying on Linux Kernel for core system services
 Memory and Process Management
 Network Stack
 Driver Model
 Security
 Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the S/W sta
ck
Android - Kernel

18. Android Devices in the Market
• Smart Phone
• Tablets
• E-reader
• Netbooks
• Mp4 Player
• Internet TV

19. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 19
Phones
HTC G1,
Droid,
Tattoo
Motorola Droid (X)
Suno S880 Samsung Galaxy Sony Ericsson

20. @2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu 20
Tablets
Velocity Micro Cruz Gome FlyTouch Acer beTouch
Dawa D7
Toshiba Android
SmartBook
Cisco Android Tablet

21. Android Market
• In August 2008, Google announced Android
Market and made it available in Oct 2008.
• Preinstall in every android devices.
• To download third-party application

22. Android Developer Community
• Stack Overflow
• Google Android Training
(http://developer.android.com/training/index.
html )
• Android Discuss
(http://groups.google.com/group/android-
discuss)

23. Android Development Tools

25. Source
code
Auto-generated
code
UI
layout
String
constants
Configuration

26. 1 public classHelloAndroidextends Activity {
2 /** Called when the activity is first created. */
3 @Override
4 public voidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState)
5 {
6 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
7 setContentView(R.layout.main);
8 }
9 }
HelloAndroid.java

27. 1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2<LinearLayout
3xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
4android:orientation="vertical"
5android:layout_width="fill_parent"
6android:layout_height="fill_parent"
7>
8<TextView
9android:layout_width="fill_parent"
10android:layout_height="wrap_content"
11android:text="@string/hello "
12 />
13</LinearLayout>
main.xml

28. 1<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
2<resources>
3 <string name="hello">Hello World, HelloAndroid!
4</string>
5<string name="app_name">Hello, Android</string>
6 </resources>
strings.xml

29. 1 <?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
2 <manifest
3 xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
4 package="edu.upenn.cis542"
5 android:versionCode="1"
6 android:versionName="1.0">
7 <application android:icon="@drawable/icon"
8 android:label="@string/app_name">
9 <activity android:name=".HelloAndroid"
10 android:label="@string/app_name">
11 <intent-filter>
12 <action
13 android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
14 <category
15 android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
16 </intent-filter>
17 </activity>
18 </application>
19 </manifest>
AndroidManifest.xml