The document discusses the evolution of Android, initiated by Android Inc. in 2003 and later acquired by Google, detailing the formation of the Open Handset Alliance in 2007. It outlines Android's architecture, tools for development, its applications across various devices, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the platform. The conclusion emphasizes Android's rapid growth and potential opportunities in learning its development.

1. Android
Development
Name : Rahul Maurya
Branch : EC-2, 4th Year
Roll no : 1714331040

2. Table of Content
• Introduction of Android
• Open Handset Alliance
• Application of Android
• Android Architecture
• Tool for Android development
• Advancement
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• Reference

3. Introduction of Android
• Android began in 2003, Android Inc.
• Google bought it in 2005.
• At Google, they developed a mobile device platform powered
by the Linux kernel.
• On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance came with
a goal to develop open standard for mobile device.

4. Open Handset Alliance
• OHA is a business alliance that created for
developing device standard
• OHA have 80+ member companies like HTC,
Samsung, Google etc
• Devoted to advancing open standard for mobile
device.

5. Application of Android
• Phones
• Application on mobile
• Game Console
• Cameras
• Other gadgets

6. Tool for Android Development
• Android Studio
• User Interface
• Java/Kotlin code completion
• Stability of System
• Gradle built system
• Availability of Drag and Drop

7. Android Architecture
• Android software stack split into five
section and four layer
• The application layer
• The application framework
• The libraries and runtime
• Kernel

8. Application layer
• Hardware Abstraction Layer
• The hardware abstraction layer (HAL) provides standard
interfaces that expose device hardware capabilities to the higher-
level Java API framework.
• Multiple library module to interface with camera , Bluetooth
• System Apps
• The system apps function both as apps for users and to provide
key capabilities that developers can access from their own app.

9. Native libraries
• Libraries carry a set of instructions to guide the device
in handling different types of data. For instance, the
playback and recording of various audio and video
formats is guided by the Media Framework Library.
• Open Source Libraries:
• Surface Manager: composing windows on the screen
• SGL: 2D Graphics
• Open GL|ES: 3D Library
• Media Framework: Supports playbacks and recording of
various audio, video and picture formats.
• Free Type: Font Rendering
• WebKit: Browser Engine
• libc (System C libraries)
• SQLite

10. Linux Kernel
• Hardware abstraction
• Memory management program
• Security setting
• Other hardware drivers

11. Runtime layer
• Third section of architecture
• Provide Dalvik Virtual Machine
• Use Linux feature like memory management
and multithreading
• Operate on Dex files
• Optimized for low memory requirements
• Provide core libraries

12. Advancement In Android
• Watches
• Smart Television
• Home Appliances
• Cars
• Homes

13. Advantages
• High ROI with lower costs
• Faster Development
• Target Multiple Platform
• Versability and scalability
• Customization
• Easy adoption

14. Disadvantages
• Low security
• High device fragmentation
• More code
• More testing more cost

15. Conclusion
• Android is truly open, free development platform based on Linux
and open source without paying any royalty.
• Android is growing very fast.
• Android not only focusing on mobile device while expanding on
other gadgets also.
• Learning Android development is still great thing to do because it
will open lots of opportunity.

16. Reference
• Google : www.developer.android.com/developer-guide
• SlideShare : https://www.slideshare.net/zeelpatel0504/introduction-
to-android-16084192
• SlideShare : https://www.slideshare.net/snhlata7/my-presentation-
on-android-in-my-college