This chapter discusses data and process modeling tools used by systems analysts to develop a logical model of an information system. It describes data flow diagrams (DFDs) which use symbols to show how data moves through a system, a data dictionary which defines all data elements, and process description tools like structured English and decision tables. The goal is to develop a logical model that shows what the system does without describing how it is implemented physically.
Payment posting in RCM seems like an afterthought, something that happens after the “real” work of medical billing ends. After all, you’ve done the hard part and got the payments in the door. Payment Posting is the crucial step in the Revenue Cycle Management process.
Payment posting in RCM seems like an afterthought, something that happens after the “real” work of medical billing ends. After all, you’ve done the hard part and got the payments in the door. Payment Posting is the crucial step in the Revenue Cycle Management process.
A comprehensive view of how Medical Billing works. How to prepare medical claims, patient eligibility, example insurance cards, Medicare / Medicade, authorization of services, charge entry, fee schedules, claim submissions, posting ERAs / EOBs, rejected or denied claims (and their correction), secondary claims, cycle of a claim, revenue cycle, provider info needed on a claim, evaluation and management: coding and evaluations and basic components, etc,. By Medwave Medical Billing & Credentialing at http://medwave.io.
The How to Renew Passport guide includes instructions, requirements and tips for getting a United States passport renewal. Information about forms, documents and expediting passport renewals.
Learning Objectives
Prepare and use data flow diagrams to understand, evaluate, and document information systems.
Prepare and use flowcharts to understand, evaluate, and document information systems
A comprehensive view of how Medical Billing works. How to prepare medical claims, patient eligibility, example insurance cards, Medicare / Medicade, authorization of services, charge entry, fee schedules, claim submissions, posting ERAs / EOBs, rejected or denied claims (and their correction), secondary claims, cycle of a claim, revenue cycle, provider info needed on a claim, evaluation and management: coding and evaluations and basic components, etc,. By Medwave Medical Billing & Credentialing at http://medwave.io.
The How to Renew Passport guide includes instructions, requirements and tips for getting a United States passport renewal. Information about forms, documents and expediting passport renewals.
Learning Objectives
Prepare and use data flow diagrams to understand, evaluate, and document information systems.
Prepare and use flowcharts to understand, evaluate, and document information systems
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Chapter Objectives
• Describe data and process modeling concepts
and tools, including data flow diagrams, a data
dictionary, and process descriptions
• Describe the symbols used in data flow
diagrams and explain the rules for their use
• Draw data flow diagrams in a sequence, from
general to specific
• Explain how to level and balance a set of data
flow diagrams
2
3. Chapter Objectives
• Describe how a data dictionary is used and
what it contains
• Use process description tools, including
structured English, decision tables, and
decision trees
• Describe the relationship between logical and
physical models
3
4. Introduction
• In Chapters 5 & 6, you will develop a logical
model of the proposed system and document
the system requirements
– Logical model shows what the system must do
– Physical model describes how the system will be
constructed
4
5. Overview of Data and Process
Modeling Tools
• Systems analysts use many graphical
techniques to describe an information system
• A data flow diagram (DFD) uses various
symbols to show how the system transforms
input data into useful information
5
6. Data Flow Diagrams
• A data flow diagram
(DFD) shows how data
moves through an
information system but
does not show program
logic or processing steps
• A set of DFDs provides a
logical model that
shows what the system
does, not how it does it
6
8. Data Flow Diagrams
• DFD Symbols
– Process symbol
• Receives input data and produces output that has a
different content, form, or both
• Contain the business logic, also called business rules
• Referred to as a black box
8
9. Data Flow Diagrams
• DFD Symbols
– Data flow symbol
• Represents one or
more data items
• The symbol for a data
flow is a line with a
single or double
arrowhead
• Spontaneous
generation
• Black hole
• Gray hole
9
10. Data Flow Diagrams
• DFD Symbols
– Data store symbol
• Represent data that
the system stores
• The physical
characteristics of a
data store are
unimportant because
you are concerned
only with a logical
model
10
11. Data Flow Diagrams
• DFD Symbols
– Entity Symbol
• Name of the entity
appears inside the
symbol
• Terminators
• Source
• Sink
11
12. Creating a Set of DFDs
• Create a graphical model of the information
system based on your fact-finding results
• First, you will review a set of guidelines for
drawing DFDs. Then you will learn how to
apply these guidelines and create a set of
DFDs using a three-step process
12
13. Creating a Set of DFDs
• Guidelines for Drawing DFDs
– Draw the context diagram so that it fits on one
page
– Use the name of the information system as the
process name in the context diagram
– Use unique names within each set of symbols
13
14. Creating a Set of DFDs
• Guidelines for Drawing DFDs
– Do not cross lines
– Provide a unique name and reference number for
each process
– Obtain as much user input and feedback as
possible
14
15. Creating a Set of DFDs
• Step 1: Draw a Context Diagram
15
16. Creating a Set of DFDs
• Step 2: Draw a Diagram 0 DFD
16
17. Creating a Set of DFDs
• Step 2: Draw a Diagram 0 DFD
– If same data flows in both directions, you can use
a double-headed arrow
– Diagram 0 is an exploded view of process 0
– Parent diagram
– Child diagram
– Functional primitive
17
18. Creating a Set of DFDs
• Step 3: Draw the Lower-
Level Diagrams
– Must use leveling and
balancing techniques
– Leveling examples
• Uses a series of
increasingly detailed DFDs
to describe an
information system
• Exploding, partitioning, or
decomposing
18
19. Creating a Set of DFDs
• Step 3: Draw the Lower-
Level Diagrams
– Balancing Examples
• Ensures that the input
and output data flows of
the parent DFD are
maintained on the child
DFD
19
20. Data Dictionary
• A data dictionary, or data repository, is a
central storehouse of information about the
system’s data
• An analyst uses the data dictionary to
collect, document, and organize specific facts
about the system
• Also defines and describes all data elements
and meaningful combinations of data
elements
20
21. Data Dictionary
• A data element, also called a data item or
field, is the smallest piece of data that has
meaning
• Data elements are combined into records, also
called data structures
• A record is a meaningful combination of
related data elements that is included in a
data flow or retained in a data store
21
22. Data Dictionary
• Using CASE Tools for Documentation
– The more complex the system, the more difficult it
is to maintain full and accurate documentation
– Modern CASE tools simplify the task
– A CASE repository ensures data consistency
– You will learn more about CASE tools in Part 2 of
the Systems Analyst’s Toolkit
22
23. Data Dictionary
• Documenting the Data
Elements
– You must document
every data element in
the data dictionary
– The objective is the
same: to provide
clear, comprehensive
information about the
data and processes that
make up the system
23
24. Data Dictionary
• Documenting the Data Elements
– The following attributes usually are recorded and
described
• Data element name and label
• Alias
• Type and length
• Default value
• Acceptable values - Domain and validity rules
24
25. Data Dictionary
• Documenting the Data Elements
– The following attributes usually are recorded and
described
• Source
• Security
• Responsible user(s)
• Description and comments
25
26. Data Dictionary
• Documenting the Data Flows
– The typical attributes are as follows
• Data flow name or label
• Description
• Alternate name(s)
• Origin
• Destination
• Record
• Volume and frequency
26
27. Data Dictionary
• Documenting the Data Stores
– Typical characteristics of a data store are
• Data store name or label
• Description
• Alternate name(s)
• Attributes
• Volume and frequency
27
28. Data Dictionary
• Documenting the Processes
– Typical characteristics of a process
• Process name or label
• Description
• Process number
• Process description
28
29. Data Dictionary
• Documenting the Entities
– Typical characteristics of an entity include
• Entity name
• Description
• Alternate name(s)
• Input data flows
• Output data flows
29
30. Data Dictionary
• Documenting the Records
– Typical characteristics of a record include
• Record or data structure name
• Definition or description
• Alternate name(s)
• Attributes
30
31. Data Dictionary
• Data Dictionary Reports
– Many valuable reports
• An alphabetized list of all data elements by name
• A report describing each data element and indicating
the user or department that is responsible for data
entry, updating, or deletion
• A report of all data flows and data stores that use a
particular data element
• Detailed reports showing all characteristics of data
elements, records, data flows, processes, or any other
selected item stored in the data dictionary
31
32. Process Description Tools
• A process description documents the details
of a functional primitive, which represents a
specific set of processing steps and business
logic
• It should be noted that this chapter deals with
structured analysis, but the process
description tools also can be used in object-
oriented development, which is described in
Chapter 6
32
33. Process Description Tools
• Modular Design
– Based on combinations of three logical
structures, sometimes called control
structures, which serve as building blocks for the
process
• Sequence
• Selection
• Iteration - looping
33
34. Process Description Tools
• Structured English
– Must conform to the following rules
• Use only the three building blocks of
sequence, selection, and iteration
• Use indentation for readability
• Use a limited vocabulary, including standard terms used
in the data dictionary and specific words that describe
the processing rules
34
35. Process Description Tools
• Structured English
– Might look familiar to programming students
because it resembles pseudocode
– The primary purpose of structured English is to
describe the underlying business logic
35
36. Process Description Tools
• Decision Tables
– Shows a logical structure, with all possible
combinations of conditions and resulting actions
– It is important to consider every possible outcome
to ensure that you have overlooked nothing
36
37. Process Description Tools
• Decision Tables
– The number of rules doubles each time you add a
condition
– Can have more than two possible outcomes
– Often are the best way to describe a complex set
of conditions
37
39. Logical Versus Physical Models
• While structured analysis tools are used to
develop a logical model for a new information
system, such tools also can be used to develop
physical models of an information system
• A physical model shows how the system’s
requirements are implemented
39
40. Logical Versus Physical Models
• Sequence of Models
– Many systems analysts create a physical model of
the current system and then develop a logical
model of the current system before tackling a
logical model of the new system
– Performing that extra step allows them to
understand the current system better
40
41. Logical Versus Physical Models
• Four-Model Approach
– Develop a physical model of the current system, a
logical model of the current system, a logical
model of the new system, and a physical model of
the new system
– The only disadvantage of the four-model approach
is the added time and cost
41
42. Chapter Summary
• During data and process modeling, a systems
analyst develops graphical models to show how
the system transforms data into useful
information
• The end product of data and process modeling is
a logical model that will support business
operations and meet user needs
• Data and process modeling involves three main
tools: data flow diagrams, a data dictionary, and
process descriptions
42
43. Chapter Summary
• Data flow diagrams (DFDs) graphically show
the movement and transformation of data in
the information system
• DFDs use four symbols
• A set of DFDs is like a pyramid with the
context diagram at the top
43
44. Chapter Summary
• The data dictionary is the central
documentation tool for structured analysis
• Each functional primitive process is
documented using structured English, decision
tables, and decision trees
• Structured analysis tools can be used to
develop a logical model during one systems
analysis phase, and a physical model during
the systems design phase
44