This chapter discusses the male reproductive system. It begins with an introduction to sperm cells and the organs of the male reproductive system. The internal and external anatomy is then described in detail. Key terms are defined related to structures like the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and others. Pathological conditions that can affect the system like hypospadias are explained. Common sexually transmitted infections are listed. Important laboratory tests for evaluating the system, such as the PSA test and semen analysis, are outlined. Common clinical procedures such as vasectomy and TURP are also described.

1. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1
The Language OfThe Language Of
MedicineMedicine
1010thth
editionedition
Davi-Ellen ChabnerDavi-Ellen Chabner

2. Chapter 9
Male Reproductive System
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 20057by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2

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Chapter Goals
• Name, locate, and describe the
functions of the organs of the male
reproductive system.
• Define abnormal conditions and
infections that affect the male
reproductive system.
• Differentiate among several types of
sexually transmitted infections.

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Chapter Goals (cont’d)
• Define combining forms used to
describe the structures of this system.
• Describe various laboratory tests and
clinical procedures that are pertinent to
the disorders of the male reproductive
system, and recognize related
abbreviations.
• Apply your new knowledge to
understanding medical terms in their
contexts, such as medical reports and
records.

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Chapter 9
Lesson 9.1

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Introduction
• The male sex cell is called a
spermatozoon, or sperm cell.
• The sperm cell carries its nuclear
hereditary material, or chromosomes, in
its head region.
• The tail consists of a flagellum, which
makes the sperm cell mobile.

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Introduction (cont’d)
• Only one spermatozoon out of 300
million sperm cells released during
ejaculation can fertilize a single female
ovum.
• If more than one egg is present in the
fallopian tubes during ejaculation,
multiple fertilizations are possible.

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Introduction (cont’d)
• Twins resulting from the
fertilization of separate
ova by separate sperm
cells are called fraternal
twins.
• Twins resulting from the
fertilization of a single
egg by a single sperm are
called identical twins.
Fraternal twins. Notice the 6-week-old
embryos in two separate amnionic sacs..

9. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9
Introduction (cont’d)
• The organs of the male reproductive
system are designed to produce and
release billions of sperm cells
throughout the man’s lifetime.
• The hormone called testosterone is
responsible for the bodily characteristics
of the male (such as beard, pubic hair,
and deeper voice).

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Anatomy

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Anatomy (cont’d)

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Anatomy (cont’d)
• Internal structure of the testis and the epididymis

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Anatomy (cont’d)
• Label the passage of
sperm from the
seminiferous tubules
to the outside of the
body.

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Anatomy (cont’d)
• The passage of sperm
from the seminiferous
tubules to the outside
of the body

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Vocabulary
• bulbourethral glands
• ejaculation
• ejaculatory duct

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• bulbourethral glands
• ejaculation
• ejaculatory duct
Pair of exocrine glands near
male urethra; Cowper glands
Ejection of sperm and fluid
from male urethra
Tube through which semen
enters the male urethra

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• epididymis (pl.:
epididymides)
• erectile
dysfunction
• flagellum

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• epididymis (pl.:
epididymides)
• erectile
dysfunction
• flagellum
One of a pair of long, tightly
coiled tubes above each testis
that stores and carries sperm to
the vas deferens
Inability of an adult male to
achieve an erection; impotence
Hair-like projection on a sperm
cell that makes it motile

19. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19
Vocabulary (cont’d)
• fraternal
twins
• glans penis
• identical
twins

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• fraternal
twins
• glans penis
• identical
twins
Two infants resulting from fertilization
of two separate ova by two separate
sperm cells
Sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to
the clitoris in the female
Two infants resulting from division of
one fertilized egg into two distinct
embryos; conjoined (“Siamese”) twins
are incompletely separated identical
twins

21. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21
Vocabulary (cont’d)
• interstitial cells
of the testes
• parenchymal
tissue
• penis

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• interstitial cells
of the testes
• parenchymal
tissue
• penis
Specialized cells adjacent to the
seminiferous tubules in the testes;
produce testosterone; also called
Leydig cells
Essential distinctive cells of an
organ
Male external organ of
reproduction

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• perineum
• prepuce
• prostate gland
• scrotum

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• perineum
• prepuce
• prostate gland
• scrotum
External region between the anus and
scrotum in the male
Foreskin; fold of skin covering tip of
penis
Exocrine gland at base of male urinary
bladder; secretes fluid part of semen
into urethra during ejaculation
External sac that contains the testes

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• semen
• seminal vesicles
• seminiferous
tubules

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• semen
• seminal vesicles
• seminiferous
tubules
Spermatozoa and seminal fluid
discharged from the urethra during
ejaculation
Paired sac-like exocrine glands that
secrete fluid into the vas deferens
Narrow, coiled tubules that
produce sperm in the testes

27. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27
Vocabulary (cont’d)
• spermatozoon
(pl.: permatozoa)
• sterilization
• stromal tissue

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• spermatozoon
(pl.: permatozoa)
• sterilization
• stromal tissue
Sperm cell
Procedure that removes a person’s
ability to produce or release
reproductive cells through removal of
testicles, vasectomy, or oophorectomy
Supportive, connective tissue or an
organ; stroma

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• testis
(plural:
testes)
• testosteron
e
• vas deferens

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Vocabulary (cont’d)
• testis
(plural:
testes)
• testosteron
e
• vas deferens
Male gonad (testicle) that produces
spermatozoa and testosterone
Hormone secreted by interstitial
tissue of the testes; responsible for
male sex characteristics
Narrow tube carrying sperm from the
epididymis toward the urethra;
ductus deferens

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QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which term refers to the skin
covering the tip of the penis?
A. Stroma
B. Vas deferens
C. Prepuce
D. Seminal vesicle

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Terminology
andr/o male
balan/o glans penis
cry/o cold
crypt/o hidden
epididym/o epididymis
gon/o seed
hydr/o water, fluid
orch/o, orchi/o, testis, testicle
orchid/o
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Terminology (cont’d)
pen/o penis
prostat/o prostate gland
semin/i semen, seed
sperm/o spermatozoa, semen
terat/o monster
test/o testis, testicle
varic/o varicose veins
vas/o vessel duct
zo/o animal life
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Terminology (cont’d)
SUFFIXES
• -genesis formation
• -one hormone
• -pexy fixation, put in place
• -stomy new opening
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning

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Chapter 9
Lesson 9.2

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Pathologic Conditions

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Pathologic Conditions (cont’d)

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Pathologic Conditions (cont’d)
Hypospadias
• Surgical repair
involves exciding a
portion of the
prepuce, wrapping it
around a catheter,
suturing it to the
distal part of the
urethra, bringing it
to the end of the
penis

39. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 39
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STDs
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Herpes genitalis
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Syphilis

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Laboratory Tests and Clinical
Procedures
• Laboratory tests
PSA test
Semen analysis

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QUICK QUIZ:
2. What does the PSA test for?
A. Levels of infection
B. Sperm mobility
C. Sperm motility
D. Levels of an antigen

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Laboratory Tests and Clinical
Procedures
Clinical procedures
Transurethral resection of the prostate—
TURP

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Laboratory Tests and Clinical
Procedures (cont’d)
Clinical procedures
Vasectomy

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QUICK QUIZ:
3. Which term means removal of the
prostate?
A. Orchiectomy
B. Prostatectomy
C. Vasectomy
D. Prostatitis

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Abbreviations
BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
DRE digital rectal examination
ED erectile dysfunction
GU genitourinary
HPV human papilloma virus
HSV herpes simplex virus
PID pelvic inflammatory disease
PIN prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
PSA prostate-specific antigen

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Abbreviations (cont’d)
RPR rapid plasma reagin
STI sexually transmitted diseases
TRUS transrectal ultrasound
TUIP transurethral incision of the
prostate
TUMT transurethral microwave
thermotherapy
TUNA transurethral needle ablation
TURP transurethral resection of the
prostate

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Review Sheet
andr/o __________
balan/o __________
cry/o __________
crypt/o __________
epididym/o __________
gon/o __________
hydr/o __________
orch/o, orchi/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Review Sheet (cont’d)
andr/o male
balan/o glans penis
cry/o cold
crypt/o hidden
epididym/o epididymis
gon/o seed
hydr/o water, fluid
orch/o, orchi/o testis, testicle
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Review Sheet (cont’d)
pen/o ___________
prostat/o __________
semin/i __________
sperm/o __________
terat/o __________
test/o __________
varic/o __________
vas/o __________
zo/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Review Sheet (cont’d)
pen/o penis
prostat/o prostate gland
semin/i semen, seed
sperm/o spermatozoa, semen
terat/o monster
test/o testis, testicle
varic/o varicose veins
vas/o vessel duct
zo/o animal life
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Review Sheet (cont’d)
SUFFIXES
• -genesis __________
• -one __________
• -pexy __________
• -stomy __________
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning

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Review Sheet (cont’d)
SUFFIXES
• -genesis formation
• -one hormone
• -pexy fixation, put in place
• -stomy new opening
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning

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QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which term means “no sperm or
semen are produced”?
A. Aspermia
B. Oligospermia
C. Anorchism
D. Spermolytic