This document discusses nutrition needs across the life cycle, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and pre-school age. During pregnancy, calorie and nutrient needs increase to support the growth and development of the fetus. Key nutrients include protein, calcium, iron, iodine, and folic acid. Lactation requires additional calories, protein, calcium, iron and certain vitamins to support milk production. Infancy focuses on growth and development milestones in the first year of life while being fed cereal foods, fruits, vegetables and other appropriate foods. Nutrition for pre-school emphasizes mild flavors, cereals, fruits and staying hydrated with water.

1. MACRONUTRIENTS MICRONUTRIENTS
•Carbohydrates
•Fats/Lipids
•Protein
•Fat-Soluble Vitamins
•Water-Soluble Vitamins
•Minerals
•Water

2. Chapter VI
NUTRITION IN THE LIFE
CYCLE

3. 1. Pregnancy
(Gestation)
•A period when the fertilized ovum
implants itself in the uterus.
•Human pregnancy last for the period of
9months (165-180days) or (37-40weeks)
Biological Changes
1.Implantation Period- 1st weeks
2.Organ Formation Period-next 6 weeks
3.Rapid Fetal Dev’t Period- remaining
7months

4. Nutrition in Pregnancy
1. BMR- increases from 6-14%
2. Calorie Intake-10-20%increased
3. Protein- increase 9.5mg/day
4. Ca, Ph, Vit. D- increase, to calcify
the fetal bones and teeth
5. Iron- increase, 7,000-1000mg Fe is
absorbed during the pregnancy
6. Iodine- to help the mother and the
child to prevent goiter in the future
and for brain dev’t.
7. Folic Acid- 0.4mg of each day. Help
to reduce birth defects of the brain.

5. Dangerous for
Pregnant
Women
1.Alcohol
2. Caffeine
3.Smoking (Nicotine)

6. Lactation
1. Calories- additional 1,000
calories
2. Protein- additional 20gms
3. Calcium and Phosphorus-
increase 0.5mg
4. Iron- additional intake for
blood lost
5. Vitamin A-additional
300mg
6. Vit.B2, vit. C
7. Water- 8glasses or more

7. Factors Affecting
Milk
Secretion
1.Diet
2.Nutritional State of Mother
3.Emotional and Physical
State
4.Suckling
5.Contraceptives and Drugs

8. Advantages of
Breast
FeedingCOLOSTRUM- thin yellowish fluid
secreted during the first two days
1.Antibodies
2.Probiotics
3.Rich in Ca and Ph
4.Safe
5.Convenient and dependable
6.Easily digest
7.Complete nutrition

9. 2. Infancy
•Growth
•Development
•Behavioral development
1.0-1 months- suckles and smiles
2.2-3months- vocalize and controls head
3.4-5months-controls hand and rolls over
4.6-7months- sits briefly and crawls
5.8-9months- grasps and pulls up
6.10-11months- walks with supports
7.12months-starts to walk alone

10. Baby’s Food During
1st year of Life
• Cereal Foods
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Eggs
• Munggo
• Meat and fish
• Other foods

11. Nutrition for Pre-
School
1. Mildly flavored food
2. Cereals
3. Oatmeal
4. Fruits, puddings, custard, ice cream
and gelatin may be given
5. Water and Fiber-6-8 glasses a

12. Diet
Recommendation
s
1. Eat good breakfast to start the day
2. Eat 4-5 light meals a day
3. Includes essential food every meal
4. Eat leisurely In pleasant
surroundings
5. Avoid fatty foods
6. Avoid coffee
7. Drink hot milk before going to bed