Nutrients: A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body. Some provide energy. All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing. No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function.

2. -The study of
how your
body uses the
food that you
eat.

3. What is a
NutrientA nutrient is a chemical substance
in food that helps maintain the
body. Some provide energy. All
help build cells and tissues,
regulate bodily processes such as
breathing. No single food supplies
all the nutrients the body needs to
function.

4. • Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Protein
•Carbohydrates
•Fats
Sugars
Starches
Cellulose

5. Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

6. Nutrients that have
Calories:
 Proteins
 Carbohydrates
 Fats

7. •Second most abundant substance in
humans
•Key to every cell, antibodies, enzymes,
and hormones
•Transport oxygen and nutrients
•Role in developing/repairing bone,
muscle, skin
•Vital for human life
• May need additional protein if
fighting off infection, recovering
from surgery or blood loss,
recovering from burns

8. Amino acids
•Building blocks of protein
•20 essential amino acids must be
obtained from food
•11 non-essential amino acids produced
by the body
•Link together to form
•Complete protein – supplies all essential
amino acids
•Incomplete protein – may lack some
amino acids, but these can be easily
obtained from different sources

9. Best fuel – provide energy quickly and efficiently
Two types
› Simple sugars
 Glucose (monosaccharide) – most
common form
 Fructose (monosaccharide) – found in
fruits and berries
 Sucrose (disaccharide) – sources include
granulated sugar, milk and milk products
› Complex carbohydrates
(polysaccharides)
 Starches – from flour, pasta, potatoes
 Stored in the body as glycogen
 Fiber

10. •Offers many health protections
• Colon and rectal cancer
• Breast cancer
• Constipation
• Diverticulosis
• Heart Disease
• Diabetes
• Obesity
•Most people eat far less than recommended
• Recommended is 20-30 grams and
average is 12 grams

11. Also called lipids
Misunderstood but vital group of basic
nutrients
› Maintain healthy skin
› Insulate body organs
› Maintain body temperature
› Promote healthy cell function
› Carry fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E,
and K
› Are a concentrated form of energy

12. Avoiding trans fatty acids
› Created by process of making liquid oil
into a solid
› Increase LDL levels while lowering HDL
levels
 Higher risk of coronary and heart
disease, sudden cardiac death
› Found in many margarines, baked goods
and restaurant deep-fried foods
› Food labels listing no trans fasts can still
contain less than 500 milligrams/serving

13. Figure 9.6
Reading a Food LabelReading a Food Label

14. Definition of a
Calorie:
o A unit of measure for energy in
food

15. Protein 1 Gram = 4 calories
Carbohydrates 1 Gram = 4
calories
Fat 1 Gram = 9 calories

16. <156.8
Obese
BMI > 30.0
15-256.8-11.4
Overweight
BMI 25-29.9
25-3511.4-15.9
Normal Weight
BMI 19-24.9
28-4012.7-18.2
Underweight
BMI < 18.5
Weight Gain
(lbs)
Weight Gain
(kg)
BMI Weight (kg)
Height (m2
)
Institute of Medicine. Weight Gain During Pregnancy. National Academy Press. 1999.

17. Pattern of weight gain in
pregnancy as important as total
weight gain.
Deviations from expected
patterns of weight gain are
signals for intervention.
Pre-term birth doubles when 3rd
trimester weight gain is low or
inadequate.
Pregnancy is an anabolic state,
resulting in increased energy (300
kcal/day) and nutrient needs.

18. Constipation during pregnancy is
associated with:
increased progesterone levels
and smooth-muscle relaxation
of the GI tract.
This results in GI discomfort, a
bloated sensation, increased
hemorrhoids, and decreased
appetite.
Increase fluid and fiber intake to
reduce constipation.

19. Energy:
First Trimester - no change
Second Trimester - increases 340 kcal/day
Third Trimester - increases 452 kcal/day
Protein:
Increases from 46 g/day to 71 g/day

20. •Pregnant women are at increased risk for folic acid, iron,
and calcium deficiencies.
•Recommendations are:
Iron – increases to 27 g/day
Folate – increases to 0.6 mg/day
Calcium - 1000 mg/day
Magnesium - increases to 360 mg/day
Vitamin C - increases to 85 mg/day

21. DRI Calcium Recommendations
9 - 18 y/o: 1300 mg/day
19 - 50 y/o: 1000 mg/day (adults, pregnant and lactating)
>51 y/o: 1200 mg/day
Increased requirements during the third trimester
Supplementation shown to reduce hypertension during
pregnancy
Dietary sources
Milk, yogurt (8 oz), cheese (1 oz) ~ 300 mg calcium
Orange juice- fortified (1 cup = 300 mg)
Broccoli, kale (1 cup cooked = 90 mg)
Bok choy, mustard green (1 cup cooked =180 mg)
Tofu (made with calcium citrate- (½ cup =260 mg)
Canned salmon (3 oz = 180 mg)

22. Folate deficiency is the most common deficiency
during pregnancy
Functions:
Serves as a co-factor in one-carbon transfers,
(nucleic acids and amino acids) and
therefore required during periods of rapid
growth.
Increased maternal erythropoesis causes
increased folate needs during second and
third trimesters.
Role in Prevention:
NTD are thought to result from a dietary
deficiency of folate and/or a genetic defect
affecting folate metabolism.
During pregnancy, the neural tube is formed
from the 18th
to the 26th
DAY of gestation.

23. DRI=600 µg pregnancy or 500 µg lactating female, 400
µg for non-pregnant woman.
Beans, peas, orange juice, green leafy vegetables,
fortified cereals are good sources.
Prenatal vitamins contain 1000 µg folate.

24. Iron is an essential element in all cells of the body.
During pregnancy, maternal blood volume increases 20-
30%.
Iron needs increase from 18 to 27 g/day during
pregnancy.
Deficiency increases risk of maternal and infant death,
preterm delivery, and low birth weight babies.

27. Bifidobacterium infantis, a type of live
bacteria. It is important for pregnant moms to
have a good intestinal environment for
effective absorption of nutrients

28. A probiotic fiber to support digestive health.

29. Vitamins are substances that
your body needs to grow and
develop normally. There are 13
vitamins your body needs. They
are
1.Vitamin A
2.B vitamins (thiamine,
riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic
acid, biotin, vitamin B-6,
vitamin B-12 and folate)
3.Vitamin C
4.Vitamin D
5.Vitamin E
6.Vitamin K

30. •One serving that is 3 level of scoops
in one glass of water provides 160.4
KCal of energy.
•1st
Trimester: Once in a day
•2nd
and 3rd
Trimester: Twice in a day.
•Note: 1 scoop= 13.33 gm
•1 standard table spoon=15gm
•For table spoon dose would be=
more 2.6 table spoon( means two full
spoon + one more than half spoon)

32. Wt: 220 gms
Price: 300 Rs