This chapter discusses the three states of matter and the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and can exist as solids, liquids, or gases. The key differences between these three states are how their particles move and arrange themselves. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions. In liquids, particles move randomly but maintain a fixed volume. In gases, particles move randomly and spread out to fill their container. The rate of diffusion is lowest in solids and highest in gases. Changes between these three states occur when matter absorbs or releases heat, such as when melting, boiling, evaporating, condensing, freezing, or sublimating

1. CHAPTER 5:

2. KEYWORD (page 137)
•Matter
• Particle
• Extraction
• melting
• Boiling
•Solubility
• solid
• Liquid
• Gas
•Diffusion
•Evaporation
•Condensation
• Freezing
•sublimation

3. 5.1 WHAT IS A MATTER?
Substance that has mass
and occupies space
Almost
everything
In nature is
a matter
Living things
Non-living thing

4. Use a pin to prick
the balloon

5. Air has mass and
occupies space

6. solid has mass
and
occupies
space

7. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Properties that can be identified by our five senses or measuring tools
Handle is made of
heat insulator
such as plastic
Pan is made of
heat conductor
such as steel

8. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Properties that can be identified by our five senses or measuring tools
Different liquids have
different boiling
points
Melting point of ice is the
temperature at which ice changes
into liquid at certain temperature

9. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Properties that can be identified by our five senses or measuring tools
Sugar can dissolve in coffee

10. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Properties that become evident when it changes to a new substance
Rusting occurs on iron
when it is exposed to
water and air

11. CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
- Properties that
become evident
when it changes
to a new
substance

12. HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY
MATERIALS BY THEIR
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS?
density
Melting point
and boiling
point
solubility

13. density
lower density float,
higher density sink
1.

14. Melting point and boiling point
Iron melts at 1536oC
Ice melts
at 0oC
water boils
at 100oC
2.

15. solubility
Ability of
substance to
dissolve in a
given amount of
solvent to form a
solution
3.

16. Solubility  depends
on the physical and
chemical properties of
its solute and solvent

17. 5.2 THREE STATES OF MATTER
1)Characteristic
2)Diffusion rate
3)Changes in the state
4)Examples of change of
state of matter

18. Made up of tiny particles which are
discrete(separeted) and always moving
around
MATTER

19. STATES OF MATTER
gas
solid liquid

21. What is the substance
that exists in all three
states naturally?

22. What is the substance
that exists in all three
states naturally?
WATER

23. What is the substance
that NOT exists in all
three states naturally?

24. What is the substance
that NOT exists in all
three states naturally?
SUN

25. HEAT IS SUPPLIED
COOLED
absorb / temperature incerasing
release / temperature decreasing

26. SOLID LIQUID GAS
MOVEMENT OF
PARTICLES
VIBRATE IN FIXED
POSITION
MOVE
RANDOMLY
MOVE
RANDOMLY AND
FAST
SHAPE AND
VOLUME
FIXED VOLUME TAKE THE SHAPE
OF THE COTAINER
BUT FIXED
VOLUME
TAKE THE SHAPE
AND FOLLOW THE
VOLUME OF THE
CONTAINER
MASS FIXED MASS FIXED MASS NO FIXED MASS
COMPRESSIBILITY INCOMPRESSIBLE DIFFICULT TO
COMPRESS
COMPRESSIBLE
COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE STATES OF MATTER

27. SOLID LIQUID GAS
MOVEMENT OF
PARTICLES
VIBRATE IN FIXED
POSITION
MOVE
RANDOMLY
MOVE
RANDOMLY AND
FAST

28. SOLID LIQUID GAS
SHAPE AND
VOLUME
FIXED VOLUME TAKE THE SHAPE
OF THE COTAINER
BUT FIXED
VOLUME
TAKE THE SHAPE
AND FOLLOW
THE VOLUME OF
THE CONTAINER

29. SOLID LIQUID GAS
COMPRESSIBILITY INCOMPRESSIBLE DIFFICULT TO
COMPRESS
COMPRESSIBLE

30. Activity 5.5
Which matter
represents your
group?

32. DIFFUSION RATE IN
THREE STATES OF
MATTER

33. DIFFUSION
Process in which the
particles of substances
diffuse from high
concentration area
to a low
concentration area

34. IN A SOLID
Rate of diffusion of particles  isslow
OBSERVATION
Gel turns
blue after a
few days

35. IN A LIQUID
Rate of diffusion of particles  higher thaninsolid
OBSERVATION
Water turns
purple after
two hours

37. IN A GAS
Rate of diffusion of particles  isthe highest
OBSERVATION
Brown colour
bromine vapour
spreads evenly
throughout the
gas jar in a few
minutes

38. The smell
spreads
because its small
discrete particles
travels with the
air particles.
Diffusion has just
occured

39. CHANGES OF THE STATE OF MATTER CAUSED BY THE
ABSORPTION AND THE RELEASE OF HEAT BASED ON
KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER

40. MELTING
• Solid  liquid
• Absorbs heat

41. BOILING
• Liquid  Gas
• Occur at boiling point
• Absorbs heat

42. EVAPORATION
• Liquid  Gas
• Occur at any temperature
• Absorbs heat (surrounding)

43. CONDENSATION
• Gas  Liquid
• Occur at equal or below BP
• Release heat

44. FREEZING
• Liquid  solid
• Occur at freezing point
• Release heat

45. SUBLIMATION
• Gas  solid @ solid  gas