The document discusses writing classes in Java. It covers defining class structures with data declarations and method declarations, using classes as blueprints for objects with state and behavior, and instance data that each object has its own copy of. It provides examples of classes like Student and Die. Key concepts covered include scope of data, UML class diagrams, constructors for initializing objects, and encapsulation.
This document discusses arrays in Java. It covers declaring and using arrays, arrays of objects, variable length parameter lists, and two-dimensional arrays. Key points include: Arrays help organize large amounts of information and use indexes to access elements; arrays can store primitive types or object references; the length property returns the size of an array; exceptions occur for out of bounds indexes; multidimensional arrays store rows and columns of data; and variable parameter lists allow a flexible number of arguments. Code examples and class diagrams are provided to demonstrate array concepts.
The document discusses static methods, static variables, and wrapper classes in Java. Static methods can be called without creating an object and belong to the class itself. A static variable is shared among all instances of a class. Wrapper classes allow primitive types to be used as object types and contain useful constants and conversion methods.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts including:
1. Classes define common attributes and behaviors for objects through templates, while objects are unique instances of classes with specific attribute values.
2. An object bundles both state in the form of data/attributes and behavior through functions/methods.
3. The advantages of the object-oriented approach include focusing first on data structure and encapsulating data within objects, which reduces effects of changes and isolates errors.
Ducat India provides training in various technologies including object-oriented programming (OOP) in Java. OOP uses objects to model real-world objects, with objects having state and behavior. A class defines a template for objects and describes their properties and behaviors. Objects are instances of classes and have actual existence at runtime. Key OOP concepts in Java include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
This document discusses text processing and wrapper classes in Java. It covers wrapper classes for primitive data types like int and char, and how they allow primitive values to be wrapped in objects. It also discusses the String, StringBuilder, and Character classes, describing their methods for string manipulation like searching, extracting substrings, modifying strings, and concatenation. The StringBuilder class is introduced as a mutable alternative to String for performing string operations.
How to integrate the results of the Country Reports in the Semantic WikiAtrium Forest
The document discusses integrating country report results into a semantic wiki knowledge base. It outlines collecting and standardizing data on decision support system use for forest planning in different countries. The goal is to develop a knowledge model and single storage place for this knowledge, and use a semantic wiki to make the knowledge base publicly available. It describes basic concepts for representing knowledge through objects, attributes and values. Examples are provided for classifying problem types and describing decision support systems using this framework. Next steps include validating the knowledge model, agreeing on a storage location, populating it with existing information and looking for explanations and guidelines.
The document discusses inheritance in Java programming. It defines inheritance as an is-a relationship between a superclass and subclasses, where subclasses inherit and extend the functionality of the superclass. The document covers key inheritance concepts like method overriding, where subclasses can define their own implementation of a method from the superclass, and method overloading, where classes can define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. It also discusses dynamic method dispatch, where Java determines which version of an overridden method to call based on the object type at runtime.
This document discusses arrays in Java. It covers declaring and using arrays, arrays of objects, variable length parameter lists, and two-dimensional arrays. Key points include: Arrays help organize large amounts of information and use indexes to access elements; arrays can store primitive types or object references; the length property returns the size of an array; exceptions occur for out of bounds indexes; multidimensional arrays store rows and columns of data; and variable parameter lists allow a flexible number of arguments. Code examples and class diagrams are provided to demonstrate array concepts.
The document discusses static methods, static variables, and wrapper classes in Java. Static methods can be called without creating an object and belong to the class itself. A static variable is shared among all instances of a class. Wrapper classes allow primitive types to be used as object types and contain useful constants and conversion methods.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts including:
1. Classes define common attributes and behaviors for objects through templates, while objects are unique instances of classes with specific attribute values.
2. An object bundles both state in the form of data/attributes and behavior through functions/methods.
3. The advantages of the object-oriented approach include focusing first on data structure and encapsulating data within objects, which reduces effects of changes and isolates errors.
Ducat India provides training in various technologies including object-oriented programming (OOP) in Java. OOP uses objects to model real-world objects, with objects having state and behavior. A class defines a template for objects and describes their properties and behaviors. Objects are instances of classes and have actual existence at runtime. Key OOP concepts in Java include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
This document discusses text processing and wrapper classes in Java. It covers wrapper classes for primitive data types like int and char, and how they allow primitive values to be wrapped in objects. It also discusses the String, StringBuilder, and Character classes, describing their methods for string manipulation like searching, extracting substrings, modifying strings, and concatenation. The StringBuilder class is introduced as a mutable alternative to String for performing string operations.
How to integrate the results of the Country Reports in the Semantic WikiAtrium Forest
The document discusses integrating country report results into a semantic wiki knowledge base. It outlines collecting and standardizing data on decision support system use for forest planning in different countries. The goal is to develop a knowledge model and single storage place for this knowledge, and use a semantic wiki to make the knowledge base publicly available. It describes basic concepts for representing knowledge through objects, attributes and values. Examples are provided for classifying problem types and describing decision support systems using this framework. Next steps include validating the knowledge model, agreeing on a storage location, populating it with existing information and looking for explanations and guidelines.
The document discusses inheritance in Java programming. It defines inheritance as an is-a relationship between a superclass and subclasses, where subclasses inherit and extend the functionality of the superclass. The document covers key inheritance concepts like method overriding, where subclasses can define their own implementation of a method from the superclass, and method overloading, where classes can define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. It also discusses dynamic method dispatch, where Java determines which version of an overridden method to call based on the object type at runtime.
Object Oriented Software Development revision slide fauza jali
Object-oriented systems development is a methodology where software is developed as a collection of discrete objects that model real-world objects. This approach aims to make software development faster and easier to maintain through increased reusability and quality. The document discusses key concepts of object-orientation including classes, objects, attributes, operations, relationships, encapsulation and polymorphism. It also covers the use of the unified modeling language for modeling systems using diagrams like class, use case, sequence, state chart and activity diagrams.
The document discusses different types of relationships that can exist between classes in object-oriented modeling, including aggregation, inheritance, association, and instantiation. Aggregation represents a part-whole or containment relationship. Inheritance defines a hierarchical relationship where subclasses inherit attributes and behaviors from parent classes. Association defines a symmetric relationship where two classes know of and can communicate with each other.
Eo gaddis java_chapter_06_Classes and ObjectsGina Bullock
This document provides a summary of topics covered in Chapter 6 of the textbook, including static class members, overloaded methods and constructors, passing and returning objects as method arguments and return values, the toString and equals methods, copying objects, aggregation, inner classes, enumerated types, and garbage collection. Specific examples are provided for many of the concepts to illustrate their usage.
This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts related to inheritance. It defines inheritance as inheriting properties and capabilities from a base class to a derived class. Inheritance allows for code reusability, reliability, better problem-solving and supports polymorphism. There are three main types of inheritance: simple, multi-level, and multiple. Simple inheritance involves a base class deriving one or more derived classes. Multi-level inheritance occurs when a derived class serves as a base class for further derivation. Multiple inheritance involves deriving a class from more than one base class. Examples are provided to illustrate inheritance concepts.
The document discusses advanced object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including abstract classes, interfaces, packages, and inheritance. It explains how to create and extend abstract classes, use interfaces to allow multiple inheritance, store related constants in interfaces, and organize classes into packages. Dynamic method binding and creating arrays of superclass references that hold subclass objects are also covered. The key benefits of interfaces, abstract classes, inheritance and packages for software reuse and flexibility are highlighted.
Abstraction is a process by which concepts are derived from the usage and classification of literal ("real" or "concrete") concepts.
Abstraction is a concept that acts as a super-categorical noun for all subordinate concepts, and connects any related concepts as a group, field, or category.
Object-oriented concepts involve modeling real-world entities as objects that have states (attributes) and behaviors (operations). An object is an instance of a class, which defines common properties and behaviors. The object-oriented approach focuses on objects that encapsulate both data and functions, in contrast to the procedural approach which focuses on standalone procedures and shares all data. Some benefits of the object-oriented approach include being easier to develop and understand, and better mapping to real-world problems.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in Java, including:
- Java uses keywords and grammar rules. Keywords cannot name variables.
- Java code is compiled into bytecode that can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine.
- There are two types of data types in Java: primitive types and abstract types. The eight primitive types are used for variables and literals.
- Variables must be declared with a name and data type. Names follow specific rules.
- Classes contain methods that define behavior. The main() method is required to run a program.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design concepts like objects, classes, class diagrams, and relationships between classes. It defines objects and classes, and notes that class diagrams describe the attributes and operations of classes and the relationships between them. The document also discusses different types of relationships between classes like association, generalization, aggregation, and their notation in class diagrams including association names, roles, and multiplicity.
Present about supervised learning. Mainly discussing regression and classification. Further activities are discussing how to practically apply supervised learning.
This document proposes a generalized definition language for implementing an object-based fuzzy class model. It begins by reviewing related work on defining fuzzy classes and identifying limitations in existing approaches. It then summarizes the authors' previous work developing a generalized fuzzy class structure and model. The document introduces several new data types for representing different types of fuzzy attributes. Finally, it proposes a formal definition language for the fuzzy class model that utilizes the new data types to define fuzzy class structure and accurately represent fuzzy data types and attribute values. The language is intended to serve as a data definition language for object-based fuzzy database systems.
Text Classification, Sentiment Analysis, and Opinion MiningFabrizio Sebastiani
This document discusses text classification and provides an overview of the key concepts. It defines text classification as predicting which predefined category a text belongs to. Popular applications include filtering emails and news articles. The document outlines supervised learning as the main approach, where a classifier is trained on manually classified examples to learn how to categorize new texts. It also covers representing texts as vectors for classification, including feature extraction, selection, and weighting. Common supervised learning algorithms mentioned are support vector machines, boosted decision stumps, random forests and naive Bayesian methods.
The document provides an overview of machine learning activities including data exploration, preprocessing, model selection, training and evaluation. It discusses exploring different data types like numerical, categorical, time series and text data. It also covers identifying and addressing data issues, feature engineering, selecting appropriate models for supervised and unsupervised problems, training models using methods like holdout and cross-validation, and evaluating model performance using metrics like accuracy, confusion matrix, F-measure etc. The goal is to understand the data and apply necessary steps to build and evaluate effective machine learning models.
This document discusses defining user-created classes in Java. It explains that true object-oriented programming relies on defining custom classes that represent real-world objects. A class contains data declarations (variables) and method declarations. An object is an instance of a class. When designing a class, one should consider the role or purpose of the object, what data it needs, what actions it can take, its public interface, and private information. The document provides an example class design for a Rectangle class, specifying its name, role, instance variables (length and width), and public methods to construct rectangles and calculate area.
The document discusses key concepts in object-oriented software engineering including objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It provides examples and definitions for each concept to illustrate how they are applied in object-oriented programming.
The document discusses algorithm analysis and complexity analysis. It introduces the concept of analyzing an algorithm's runtime by examining the number of key operations like comparisons and assignments, rather than just measuring execution time. This is known as complexity analysis. The document uses an example of summing the rows and values of a matrix to illustrate how complexity analysis can identify the most efficient of multiple algorithms for the same problem. It determines that two example algorithms for summing a matrix have the same asymptotic runtime of O(n^2). The document then introduces Big-O notation for describing an algorithm's asymptotic worst-case runtime.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, fields, and methods. It provides examples of how to define a Rectangle class with fields to store length and width, and methods to set, get, and calculate area. It covers topics like encapsulation, data hiding, access specifiers, UML class diagrams, and converting diagrams to Java code. Instance fields and methods are explained as requiring object instances to access, unlike static members. The document is from a textbook on an introduction to Java programming through objects.
Exception handling in Java allows programs to gracefully deal with errors and unexpected conditions. There are two types of exceptions: checked exceptions which must be explicitly caught, and unchecked exceptions which do not need to be caught. The try-catch block is used to catch exceptions, where code that might throw an exception is placed in the try block and catch blocks handle specific exceptions. Finally blocks are always executed and can be used to perform cleanup tasks. Exceptions can also be explicitly thrown using the throw keyword or declared as thrown from methods using the throws clause.
This chapter discusses classes and objects in Java. It explains that object-oriented programming centers on creating objects that contain both data fields and methods. A class defines the attributes and behaviors for a particular kind of object, acting as a blueprint. Individual objects are created from a class and are called instances of that class. The chapter demonstrates how to define a Rectangle class with fields for length and width, and methods to set, get, and calculate area. It also covers concepts like encapsulation, access modifiers, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for visually depicting classes.
Python Programming - VI. Classes and ObjectsRanel Padon
This document discusses classes and objects in Python programming. It covers key concepts like class attributes, instantiating classes to create objects, using constructors and destructors, composition where objects have other objects as attributes, and referencing objects. The document uses examples like a Time class to demonstrate class syntax and how to define attributes and behaviors for classes.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, encapsulation and abstraction. It begins by describing the objectives of learning OOP which are to describe objects and classes, define classes, construct objects using constructors, access object members using dot notation, and apply abstraction and encapsulation. It then compares procedural and object-oriented programming, noting that OOP involves programming using objects defined by classes. Key concepts covered include an object's state consisting of data fields and behavior defined by methods. The document demonstrates defining classes, creating objects, accessing object members, and using private data fields for encapsulation.
1. Strategy Pattern Shahriar Iqbal Chowdhury Monjurul Habib Code Name: Remington http://www.facebook.com/groups/netter/
2. What is StrategyA plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
3. Why Need Pattern for Strategy• The Strategy pattern is known as a behavioural pattern - its used to manage algorithms, relationships and responsibilities between objects.• The Strategy pattern is to be used where you want to choose the algorithm to use at runtime. A good use of the Strategy pattern would be saving files in different formats, running various sorting algorithms, or file compression
4. Strategy Pattern Says• Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it OR
5. Why, When and How?1. Allow a class to maintain a single purpose.2. Switch statement3. Adding a new implementation will cause a class file to be modified4. Create a class for each strategy5. Use a common interface for each strategy
6. Class Diagram
7. Pattern less Implementation
8. Context IStrategy
9. Concrete Strategy UPS Concrete Strategy USPS
10. WALL-E & Strategy Strategy : Capable to Identify Object Strategy : Identify and Recycle Garbage
11. Strategy : Identify Friend Strategy : Identify Girl Friend
12. Strategy : Identify New Hope For Mankind
13. Strategy @.Net Framework• Array and ArrayList provide the capability to sort. Sort method will use the IComparable implementation for each element to handle the comparisons. Leaving the choice of comparison algorithm up to the user of the class like this is an example of the Strategy pattern.• The use of a Predicate<t> delegate in the FindAll<t> method lets the caller use any method as a filter for the List<t> so long as it takes the appropriate object type and returns a Boolean.
Object Oriented Software Development revision slide fauza jali
Object-oriented systems development is a methodology where software is developed as a collection of discrete objects that model real-world objects. This approach aims to make software development faster and easier to maintain through increased reusability and quality. The document discusses key concepts of object-orientation including classes, objects, attributes, operations, relationships, encapsulation and polymorphism. It also covers the use of the unified modeling language for modeling systems using diagrams like class, use case, sequence, state chart and activity diagrams.
The document discusses different types of relationships that can exist between classes in object-oriented modeling, including aggregation, inheritance, association, and instantiation. Aggregation represents a part-whole or containment relationship. Inheritance defines a hierarchical relationship where subclasses inherit attributes and behaviors from parent classes. Association defines a symmetric relationship where two classes know of and can communicate with each other.
Eo gaddis java_chapter_06_Classes and ObjectsGina Bullock
This document provides a summary of topics covered in Chapter 6 of the textbook, including static class members, overloaded methods and constructors, passing and returning objects as method arguments and return values, the toString and equals methods, copying objects, aggregation, inner classes, enumerated types, and garbage collection. Specific examples are provided for many of the concepts to illustrate their usage.
This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts related to inheritance. It defines inheritance as inheriting properties and capabilities from a base class to a derived class. Inheritance allows for code reusability, reliability, better problem-solving and supports polymorphism. There are three main types of inheritance: simple, multi-level, and multiple. Simple inheritance involves a base class deriving one or more derived classes. Multi-level inheritance occurs when a derived class serves as a base class for further derivation. Multiple inheritance involves deriving a class from more than one base class. Examples are provided to illustrate inheritance concepts.
The document discusses advanced object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including abstract classes, interfaces, packages, and inheritance. It explains how to create and extend abstract classes, use interfaces to allow multiple inheritance, store related constants in interfaces, and organize classes into packages. Dynamic method binding and creating arrays of superclass references that hold subclass objects are also covered. The key benefits of interfaces, abstract classes, inheritance and packages for software reuse and flexibility are highlighted.
Abstraction is a process by which concepts are derived from the usage and classification of literal ("real" or "concrete") concepts.
Abstraction is a concept that acts as a super-categorical noun for all subordinate concepts, and connects any related concepts as a group, field, or category.
Object-oriented concepts involve modeling real-world entities as objects that have states (attributes) and behaviors (operations). An object is an instance of a class, which defines common properties and behaviors. The object-oriented approach focuses on objects that encapsulate both data and functions, in contrast to the procedural approach which focuses on standalone procedures and shares all data. Some benefits of the object-oriented approach include being easier to develop and understand, and better mapping to real-world problems.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in Java, including:
- Java uses keywords and grammar rules. Keywords cannot name variables.
- Java code is compiled into bytecode that can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine.
- There are two types of data types in Java: primitive types and abstract types. The eight primitive types are used for variables and literals.
- Variables must be declared with a name and data type. Names follow specific rules.
- Classes contain methods that define behavior. The main() method is required to run a program.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design concepts like objects, classes, class diagrams, and relationships between classes. It defines objects and classes, and notes that class diagrams describe the attributes and operations of classes and the relationships between them. The document also discusses different types of relationships between classes like association, generalization, aggregation, and their notation in class diagrams including association names, roles, and multiplicity.
Present about supervised learning. Mainly discussing regression and classification. Further activities are discussing how to practically apply supervised learning.
This document proposes a generalized definition language for implementing an object-based fuzzy class model. It begins by reviewing related work on defining fuzzy classes and identifying limitations in existing approaches. It then summarizes the authors' previous work developing a generalized fuzzy class structure and model. The document introduces several new data types for representing different types of fuzzy attributes. Finally, it proposes a formal definition language for the fuzzy class model that utilizes the new data types to define fuzzy class structure and accurately represent fuzzy data types and attribute values. The language is intended to serve as a data definition language for object-based fuzzy database systems.
Text Classification, Sentiment Analysis, and Opinion MiningFabrizio Sebastiani
This document discusses text classification and provides an overview of the key concepts. It defines text classification as predicting which predefined category a text belongs to. Popular applications include filtering emails and news articles. The document outlines supervised learning as the main approach, where a classifier is trained on manually classified examples to learn how to categorize new texts. It also covers representing texts as vectors for classification, including feature extraction, selection, and weighting. Common supervised learning algorithms mentioned are support vector machines, boosted decision stumps, random forests and naive Bayesian methods.
The document provides an overview of machine learning activities including data exploration, preprocessing, model selection, training and evaluation. It discusses exploring different data types like numerical, categorical, time series and text data. It also covers identifying and addressing data issues, feature engineering, selecting appropriate models for supervised and unsupervised problems, training models using methods like holdout and cross-validation, and evaluating model performance using metrics like accuracy, confusion matrix, F-measure etc. The goal is to understand the data and apply necessary steps to build and evaluate effective machine learning models.
This document discusses defining user-created classes in Java. It explains that true object-oriented programming relies on defining custom classes that represent real-world objects. A class contains data declarations (variables) and method declarations. An object is an instance of a class. When designing a class, one should consider the role or purpose of the object, what data it needs, what actions it can take, its public interface, and private information. The document provides an example class design for a Rectangle class, specifying its name, role, instance variables (length and width), and public methods to construct rectangles and calculate area.
The document discusses key concepts in object-oriented software engineering including objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It provides examples and definitions for each concept to illustrate how they are applied in object-oriented programming.
The document discusses algorithm analysis and complexity analysis. It introduces the concept of analyzing an algorithm's runtime by examining the number of key operations like comparisons and assignments, rather than just measuring execution time. This is known as complexity analysis. The document uses an example of summing the rows and values of a matrix to illustrate how complexity analysis can identify the most efficient of multiple algorithms for the same problem. It determines that two example algorithms for summing a matrix have the same asymptotic runtime of O(n^2). The document then introduces Big-O notation for describing an algorithm's asymptotic worst-case runtime.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, fields, and methods. It provides examples of how to define a Rectangle class with fields to store length and width, and methods to set, get, and calculate area. It covers topics like encapsulation, data hiding, access specifiers, UML class diagrams, and converting diagrams to Java code. Instance fields and methods are explained as requiring object instances to access, unlike static members. The document is from a textbook on an introduction to Java programming through objects.
Exception handling in Java allows programs to gracefully deal with errors and unexpected conditions. There are two types of exceptions: checked exceptions which must be explicitly caught, and unchecked exceptions which do not need to be caught. The try-catch block is used to catch exceptions, where code that might throw an exception is placed in the try block and catch blocks handle specific exceptions. Finally blocks are always executed and can be used to perform cleanup tasks. Exceptions can also be explicitly thrown using the throw keyword or declared as thrown from methods using the throws clause.
This chapter discusses classes and objects in Java. It explains that object-oriented programming centers on creating objects that contain both data fields and methods. A class defines the attributes and behaviors for a particular kind of object, acting as a blueprint. Individual objects are created from a class and are called instances of that class. The chapter demonstrates how to define a Rectangle class with fields for length and width, and methods to set, get, and calculate area. It also covers concepts like encapsulation, access modifiers, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for visually depicting classes.
Python Programming - VI. Classes and ObjectsRanel Padon
This document discusses classes and objects in Python programming. It covers key concepts like class attributes, instantiating classes to create objects, using constructors and destructors, composition where objects have other objects as attributes, and referencing objects. The document uses examples like a Time class to demonstrate class syntax and how to define attributes and behaviors for classes.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, encapsulation and abstraction. It begins by describing the objectives of learning OOP which are to describe objects and classes, define classes, construct objects using constructors, access object members using dot notation, and apply abstraction and encapsulation. It then compares procedural and object-oriented programming, noting that OOP involves programming using objects defined by classes. Key concepts covered include an object's state consisting of data fields and behavior defined by methods. The document demonstrates defining classes, creating objects, accessing object members, and using private data fields for encapsulation.
1. Strategy Pattern Shahriar Iqbal Chowdhury Monjurul Habib Code Name: Remington http://www.facebook.com/groups/netter/
2. What is StrategyA plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
3. Why Need Pattern for Strategy• The Strategy pattern is known as a behavioural pattern - its used to manage algorithms, relationships and responsibilities between objects.• The Strategy pattern is to be used where you want to choose the algorithm to use at runtime. A good use of the Strategy pattern would be saving files in different formats, running various sorting algorithms, or file compression
4. Strategy Pattern Says• Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it OR
5. Why, When and How?1. Allow a class to maintain a single purpose.2. Switch statement3. Adding a new implementation will cause a class file to be modified4. Create a class for each strategy5. Use a common interface for each strategy
6. Class Diagram
7. Pattern less Implementation
8. Context IStrategy
9. Concrete Strategy UPS Concrete Strategy USPS
10. WALL-E & Strategy Strategy : Capable to Identify Object Strategy : Identify and Recycle Garbage
11. Strategy : Identify Friend Strategy : Identify Girl Friend
12. Strategy : Identify New Hope For Mankind
13. Strategy @.Net Framework• Array and ArrayList provide the capability to sort. Sort method will use the IComparable implementation for each element to handle the comparisons. Leaving the choice of comparison algorithm up to the user of the class like this is an example of the Strategy pattern.• The use of a Predicate<t> delegate in the FindAll<t> method lets the caller use any method as a filter for the List<t> so long as it takes the appropriate object type and returns a Boolean.
The document discusses the strategy pattern, which allows selecting algorithms or behaviors at runtime. It defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable. The strategy pattern is useful when wanting to choose algorithms dynamically, like for sorting or file compression. It keeps classes focused on a single purpose by extracting conditional logic into strategy objects. The document provides examples of how the strategy pattern can be implemented and used, such as for a robot identifying different objects or relationships.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java including two programming paradigms, OOP principles like encapsulation, polymorphism, abstraction and inheritance. It discusses classes, objects, and reference variables in Java. Key points covered are how classes act as blueprints for objects, the difference between objects and reference variables, and how methods can be called on objects.
C# is an object-oriented programming language created by Microsoft. It was created by a team led by Anders Hejlsberg with the goal of combining the best aspects of existing languages and improving upon them. C# code is compiled into an intermediate language called IL, which is then executed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR). Key concepts of object-oriented programming in C# include classes, objects, abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. Classes define the attributes and behaviors of objects, and objects are instances of classes.
C# is an object-oriented programming language created by Microsoft that can be used to create a variety of applications. The key steps in executing a C# program are compilation, where source code is converted to bytecode, and execution, where the bytecode is converted to machine code and run. C# supports important object-oriented concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation. Classes define the attributes and behaviors of objects, and objects are instantiated from classes. Constructors initialize new objects.
This document outlines the key topics covered in an object-oriented programming lecture, including:
- Objects and classes, with objects having attributes and behaviors and classes being templates used to create objects.
- Abstract objects as descriptions of real objects minus details, with real objects being called instances of abstract objects.
- The differences between classes and structures, with classes providing more flexibility and reusability through inheritance while structures are for small isolated models.
- The relationship between objects and classes, with classes containing multiple objects and objects being instances of classes.
Object oriented programming 6 oop with c++Vaibhav Khanna
This document discusses core concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP). It explains that OOP aims to represent real-world entities as objects that interact by sending messages. It then defines key OOP concepts - objects are run-time entities representing people or things, classes are user-defined types that define objects, encapsulation wraps data and functions into classes, inheritance allows classes to inherit properties from other classes, polymorphism allows the same operation to behave differently based on object type, dynamic binding determines behavior at run-time based on object type, and message passing allows objects to communicate by sending requests.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented design concepts covered in Chapter 7, including software development activities, class relationships, interfaces, enumerated types, method design and overloading, and testing. It discusses identifying classes and objects from requirements, assigning responsibilities, and using the static modifier for methods and variables that are associated with a class rather than individual objects. Sample code is provided to demonstrate static class members by tracking the number of slogan objects created.
This document discusses the key concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) including objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It defines objects as instances of classes that have data fields and methods. Classes contain both data and functions and can have private, public, or protected members. Encapsulation binds data and functions into a class. Inheritance allows deriving new classes from existing ones. Polymorphism enables classes to provide different implementations of methods with the same name. Abstraction simplifies complexity by modeling appropriate classes for a problem.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts including objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It explains that OOP allows decomposition of programs into objects that contain both data and functions. Classes act as blueprints for objects and define their properties and behaviors.
Object-oriented PHP provides several advantages over functional programming including easier maintenance and reuse of code through inheritance, polymorphism, and design patterns. Key concepts in OO PHP include classes, objects, inheritance, access modifiers, static methods/attributes, and cloning vs object references. An example photo gallery application is described that utilizes objects like User, Photograph, and Comment along with design patterns like strategy, iterator, and singleton.
1. Object oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that models concepts as "objects" that contain data and functionality.
2. A class defines the format for objects, including attributes like properties and behaviors like methods. Creating an object from a class is like a real-world object.
3. OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism address limitations of procedural programming by combining related data and functions into classes and objects. Encapsulation wraps data and functions together, hiding implementation details.
This document discusses classes and objects in Java. It explains how to write classes by defining attributes and methods, and how to create objects from classes using constructors. It covers encapsulation through visibility modifiers and accessor/mutator methods. Classes provide templates for objects, which have their own state defined by attribute values. Methods can manipulate attributes and call other methods.
This whole C++ course focus on giving the insight of different kind of data structures that could be used while dealing with a variety of data that needs to be stored depending upon the circumstances.
The course also focus on how to reduce the complexity of a code by teaching us the variety of approaches that could be employed for a solving the same problem.
Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is real world based modeling approach for software modeling and designing. It was developed basically as a method to develop object-oriented systems and to support object-oriented programming. It describes the static structure of the system.
Object Modeling Technique is easy to draw and use. It is used in many applications like telecommunication, transportation, compilers etc. It is also used in many real world problems. OMT is one of the most popular object oriented development techniques used now-a-days. OMT was developed by James Rambaugh.
Purpose of Object Modeling Technique:
To test physical entity before construction of them.
To make communication easier with the customers.
To present information in an alternative way i.e. visualization.
To reduce the complexity of software.
To solve the real world problems.
Object Modeling Technique’s Models:
There are three main types of models that has been proposed by OMT.
Object Model:
Object Model encompasses the principles of abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy, typing, concurrency and persistence. Object Model basically emphasizes on the object and class. Main concepts related with Object Model are classes and their association with attributes. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation and generalization (multiple inheritance).
Dynamic Model:
Dynamic Model involves states, events and state diagram (transition diagram) on the model. Main concepts related with Dynamic Model are states, transition between states and events to trigger the transitions. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation (concurrency) and generalization.
Functional Model:
Functional Model focuses on the how data is flowing, where data is stored and different processes. Main concepts involved in Functional Model are data, data flow, data store, process and actors. Functional Model in OMT describes the whole processes and actions with the help of data flow diagram (DFD).
Phases of Object Modeling Technique:
OMT has the following phases:
Analysis:
This the first phase of the object modeling technique. This phase involves the preparation of precise and correct modelling of the real world problems. Analysis phase starts with setting a goal i.e. finding the problem statement. Problem statement is further divided into above discussed three models i.e. object, dynamic and functional model.
System Design:
This is the second phase of the object modeling technique and it comes after the analysis phase. It determines all system architecture, concurrent tasks and data storage. High level architecture of the system is designed during this phase.
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This document discusses agile software development methods. It covers topics like agile methods, techniques, and project management. Extreme programming and Scrum are described as influential agile methods. Extreme programming uses practices like test-driven development, pair programming, and frequent integration. Scrum uses sprints to iteratively develop software in increments, with daily stand-up meetings and involvement from the product owner. The key benefits of agile methods are rapid delivery, ability to adapt to change, and improved collaboration between developers and customers.
This document provides an overview of software testing and different types of software tests. It discusses why software testing is important to objectively assess if a system meets requirements. Unit testing, integration testing, and functional testing are described as the main types of software development tests. Unit tests check individual code components, integration tests check how components work together, and functional tests verify that features function as specified. Automated testing frameworks like pytest and assertions are recommended for writing unit tests to test functions in a concise and repeatable way. Functions should be designed to be testable by taking inputs as parameters and returning results without external dependencies.
This document discusses JavaScript event handling. It lists common browser events like onclick, onmouseover, onkeydown. It explains that event handlers are JavaScript code that process events. It provides examples of defining event handlers inline in HTML and as separate functions. It also notes best practices like defining handlers as functions and using listeners for multiple handlers.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript capabilities including displaying messages, validating forms, animating images, detecting browser features, handling events, communicating with servers, and basic syntax. It discusses using JavaScript for tasks like form validation, special effects, and remote scripting. Key concepts covered are statements, functions, variables, objects, conditionals, loops, and event handlers. It also addresses JavaScript syntax rules, when scripts run, using JSON, and debugging techniques.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript capabilities and concepts. It discusses how JavaScript can be used to display messages, validate forms, animate images, detect browser features, modify web pages without reloading, and communicate with remote servers. It also covers JavaScript syntax, when scripts run, common language concepts like variables, functions, objects, and events. The document provides examples of placing JavaScript in HTML pages, using external files, and handling events. It introduces JSON and offers tips on debugging JavaScript code.
CSS is used to style and lay out web pages. It allows separation of document content from document presentation, including elements like colors, fonts, layout. CSS saves a lot of work by controlling formatting across multiple pages through external style sheets. It was created by W3C to solve the problem of formatting tags being included in HTML, which made development of large websites expensive and time-consuming. CSS syntax uses selectors to target elements and declaration blocks to set properties and values to control styling.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and CSS. It covers key HTML tags and elements for structuring pages, including headings, paragraphs, links and semantic elements. It also demonstrates how to add basic styling to pages using internal, inline and external CSS including changing colors, backgrounds and images. The document recommends resources for learning more about CSS and includes exercises for practicing CSS concepts like borders, margins and padding.
Scientists created HTML to share information on the early World Wide Web using simple text files marked up with HTML tags. As the web grew, browsers were developed to interpret HTML pages and retrieve images and other files from web servers in response to user requests. Today, web developers must test their sites across different browsers, operating systems and devices to ensure their content displays properly for all users.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 3 of the textbook "Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques". It discusses data preprocessing, which includes data cleaning, integration, reduction, and transformation. Data cleaning deals with handling missing, noisy, and inconsistent data. Data integration combines data from multiple sources. Data reduction reduces data volume for analysis through techniques like dimensionality reduction. Data transformation normalizes and discretizes values.
This chapter discusses different techniques for understanding and visualizing data. It describes the different types of data objects and attributes as well as basic statistical methods for describing data, such as measures of central tendency and dispersion. It also covers various data visualization techniques, including pixel-oriented, geometric projection, and icon-based visualization methods to gain insight into data patterns and relationships.
This document provides an overview of data mining concepts and techniques from the third edition of the textbook "Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques" by Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber, and Jian Pei. It introduces why data mining is important due to the massive growth of data, defines data mining, and discusses the multi-dimensional nature of data mining including the types of data, patterns, techniques and applications. The chapter also covers data mining functions such as generalization, association analysis, classification, and cluster analysis.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 3 of the textbook "Java Software Solutions: Foundations of Program Design" including:
- Creating objects using classes and the new operator. Objects are instances of classes that can invoke methods.
- The String class and its immutable nature. Strings can be manipulated through methods like length(), concat(), and substring().
- The Random and Math classes that are used to generate pseudorandom numbers and perform mathematical operations.
- Formatting output and using enumerated types like wrappers classes.
The document discusses these concepts over several sections and provides examples using the String and Random classes.
CSCI 200 Java Chapter 02 Data & ExpressionsDanWooster1
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 2 of the textbook "Java Software Solutions: Foundations of Program Design". It discusses character strings, variables, primitive data types, expressions, and interactive programs in Java. The chapter focuses on strings, primitive data like integers and characters, declaring and assigning variables, operator precedence in expressions, and accepting user input. Examples are provided to illustrate various concepts like string concatenation, escape sequences, constants, and the difference between numeric data types.
This document provides an introduction to computer hardware, software, and programming. It discusses the basic components of a computer including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and secondary storage. It also covers how information is represented digitally using binary numbers. The document introduces computer networks and the Java programming language. It provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts that will be covered in more detail later.
This document provides an overview of arrays and vectors in C++ based on Chapter 8 of the textbook "Starting Out with C++ Early Objects". It covers topics such as declaring and initializing arrays, accessing array elements using subscripts, inputting and displaying array contents, processing array contents using loops and arithmetic operations, parallel arrays, multi-dimensional arrays, and passing arrays as function arguments. Key concepts explained include array storage in memory, array terminology, array size and type, range-based for loops, partially filled arrays, and the typedef statement for creating array type aliases.
Chapter 6 - More conditionals and loopsDanWooster1
This document summarizes Chapter 6 of the textbook "Java Software Solutions: Foundations of Program Design". The chapter focuses on additional conditional and looping statements in Java, including the switch statement, conditional operator, do loop, for loop, and using conditionals and loops in graphics programming. It provides syntax examples and sample code for each statement type.
This document provides an overview of jQuery, a popular JavaScript library. It discusses what jQuery is, why it is useful, how it simplifies DOM manipulation and event handling in JavaScript. Some key points made include:
- jQuery greatly simplifies JavaScript programming and makes it easier to select and manipulate DOM elements.
- It takes common tasks like AJAX calls and makes them easier with single line methods.
- jQuery works cross-browser so code runs the same in all major browsers.
- It remains relevant, used on 77% of top websites according to BuiltWith.
The document also provides examples and instructions for including jQuery in a website, selecting elements, and manipulating and animating content.
PHP is a server-side scripting language used for web development. To run PHP code, it needs to be processed by a web server like Apache. XAMPP is a package that contains Apache, MySQL, and PHP and allows users to run PHP locally. The document provides examples of PHP syntax including variables, data types, arrays, and classes. It also shares links to code demos from chapters 5, 12, and 13 that demonstrate various PHP features like conditions, functions, and object-oriented programming concepts.
This document provides an overview of PHP including what PHP is, how to run PHP code, and how to set up a local development environment using XAMPP. PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language used for web development. It allows developers to embed PHP code into HTML files which is then executed on the server to generate dynamic web page content. The document discusses installing and using XAMPP to run a local Apache web server, MySQL database, and PHP environment for testing PHP programs locally. It also provides examples of basic PHP syntax including variables, data types, and arrays.
This document outlines chapters from the textbook "Starting Out with C++ Early Objects" regarding classes and objects in C++. It covers key concepts such as abstract data types, object-oriented programming, classes, objects, member functions, constructors, destructors, passing objects to functions, and object composition. Some key points include:
- Classes define new programmer-defined data types that specify values that can be stored and operations that can be performed.
- Objects are instances of classes that encapsulate data and functions that operate on the data.
- Member functions define operations on class data and can be defined inside or outside the class declaration.
- Constructors are special member functions that initialize objects, while destruct
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:
1) MathType Plugin
2) Math Player (free versions available)
3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)