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1. Object Oriented Programming
Engr. Muhammad Fiaz
Lecture # 01
Object Oriented Programming National College of Business Administration & Economics 1

2. Object Oriented
Programming
Objects
Classes
Constructors
Static Data Member
Today’s Agenda
Object Oriented Programming National College of Business Administration & Economics 2
01
02
03
05
06
07
Creating Objects
04 08
Destructor
Static Functions

3. Object-Oriented Programming
• Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming technique
in which programs are written on the basis of objects.
• An object is a collection of data and functions. Object may
represent a person, thing or place in real world.
• In OOP data and all possible functions on data are grouped
together.
• Object oriented programs are easier to learn and modify.
• Object-Oriented Programming is a powerful technique to
develop software.
• It is used to analyze and design applications in terms of
objects.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

4. Features of Object Oriented Programming
• Following are some features of Object-Oriented
Programming:
• Objects
• Classes
• Real-World Modeling
• Reusability
• Information Hiding
• Polymorphism
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

5. Objects
• An Object represents an entity in real world such as
person, thing or concept etc.
• An object is identified by its name.
• An object consists of two things
• Properties are the characteristics of an object.
• Functions are the action that can be performed by an
object.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

6. Properties and Functions of an
Object
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming
Properties Functions
The characteristics of and
objects are known as its
properties or attributes.
The actions that can be
performed by an object are
known as functions.
Each object has its own
properties.
An object can perform
different tasks and actions.
Properties can be used to
describe the object.
Functions can help describe
the functionality of the
object.

7. Classes
• A collection of objects with same properties and
functions is known as Class.
• A class is used to define the characteristics of the
objects.
• It is used as a model for creating different objects of
same type.
• Each object of a class is known as an instance of its
class.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

8. Declaring a Class
• A class is declared in the same as a structure is
declared.
• The key word class is used to declare a class.
• The functions declared in a class are called member
functions.
• Syntax
class identifier
{
body of the class
};
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

9. Access Specifiers
• The Commands that are used to specify the access level
of class members are known as access specifiers.
• Two most important access specifiers are the ‘Private’
and the ‘Public’ Access Specifier.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

10. Private Access Specifier
• The private access specifier is used to restrict the
use of class member within the class.
• Any member of the class declared with private access
specifier can only be accessed within the class.
• It cannot be accessed from outsider the class.
• It is also the default access specifier.
• The data members are normally declared with private
access specifier.
• It is because the data of an object is more sensitive.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

11. Public Access Specifier
• The Public access specifier is used to allow the user
to access a class member within the class as well as
outside the class.
• Any member of the class declared with public access
specifier can be accessed from anywhere in the program.
• The members function are normally declared with public
access specifier.
• It is because the users access functions of an object
from outside the class.
• Unlike Private Access Specifier, Public Access
Specifier is not Default.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

12. Creating Objects
• A class is simply a model or prototype for creating
objects.
• It is like a new data type that contains both data
and functions.
• An Object is created in the same way as other
variables are created.
• An object is also known as instance, the process of
creating an object a class is also instantiation.
• Syntax:
class_name object_name;
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

13. Constructors
• A Type of member function that is automatically
executed when an object of that class is created is
known as constructor.
• The constructor has no return type and has same
name that of class name.
• The constructor can work as a normal function but
it cannot return any value.
• It is normally Defined in classes to initialize
data member.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

14. Important Points about
Constructor
• It has no return type.
• It has the same name as of the class.
• It may or may not have any arguments.
• It is used to initialize data members.
• it is automatically executed when the object of
that class is created.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming

15. Constructor Overloading
• The process of declaring multiple constructors with
same name but different parameters is known as
constructor overloading.
• The constructors with same name must differ in one
of the following:
1. Number of parameters
2. Types of parameters
3. Sequence of parameters
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented
Programming

16. Destructors
• A type of member function that is automatically
executed when an object of that class is destroyed
is know as destructor.
• The destructor has no return type.
• It has the same name as class name.
• The Destructor cannot return any value.
• It also cannot accept any parameters.
• The destructor name is preceded by tilde sign ~.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented
Programming

17. Syntax of Destructors
• The syntax of declaring destructor is as follows:
~name()
{
destructor body
}
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented
Programming

18. Static Data Members
• A type of data member that is share among all objects
of class is known as static data member.
• The static data member is defined in the class with
static keyword.
• When a data member is defined as static, only one
variable is created in the memory even if are more
objects.
• The Characteristics of a static data member are same as
normal static variable.
• It is visible only in the class in which it is defined.
• It is normally use to share some data among all
objects.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented
Programming

19. Static Functions
• A type of member function that can be accessed without
any object of the class is called static function.
• The static data members of a class are not created for
each object.
• The class creates only one data member for all objects.
• The static data member is defined when the program is
executed.
• The program may require to access a static data member
before creating an object.
• The static member functions can be used to access a
static data member.
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented
Programming

20. THANK YOU!
Do you have any questions?
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ENGR. MUHAMMAD FIAZ
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LECTURER COMPUTER SCIENCE
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National College of Business Administration & Economics
Object Oriented Programming