The document provides an overview of key concepts related to language and communication. It defines language as a system with grammar, phonology, and lexicon that allows a community to communicate. Communication is defined as a two-way process of exchanging information through symbols between individuals. The key elements of communication are the sender, message, receiver, feedback, context, and barriers like noise. Communication can occur through verbal means using words or nonverbally through signs and symbols. Effective listening skills are also important for communication.

1. Topic 1: Language & Communication
Learning Outcomes:
• Demonstrate understanding of the key ideas in
language and communication.
• Relate your personal experience with input
presented.

2. What is Language?
• Linguists agree that a language can only be called
a language if it has system of rules (known as
grammar), a sound system (phonology), and a
vocabulary (lexicon).
• A system of conventional signals for
communication by a whole community. -AC
Gimson

3. What is Language?
• Language as instrument of communication.
• Without language, there will be no society
(binding force).
• Language serves as identity of the people
inhabiting a society.
• Backbone of society

4. Features of Language
• Vocal-auditory channel- vocalization and sound
perception
• Broadcasting transmission- everyone can hear
what has been said
• Interchangeability- role changes
• Total feedback- speakers can hear everything
what they say

5. Features of Language
• Semanticity- linguistic units have specific
meanings
• Arbitrariness- when naming things or events,
there is no connection/relationship between the
signified (object) and signifier (symbol)
• Discreteness- each utterance differ from all other
discretely

6. Features of Language
• Productivity/openness- new utterances can be
readily coined and understood
• Duality of patterning- meaningless phonemes
combined together to form meaningful and larger
sentences
• Traditional (cultural) transmission- language are
learned, not genetically encoded

7. Features of Language
• Prevarication- possibility of lying
• Learnability- speaker can learn other languages

8. Key Takeaways
• When people use language, they can understand
each other because they belong to the same
speech community. They can understand each
other because their speech community, people
share the same set of rules in the language
system.

9. Key Takeaways
• While growing up, people acquire the languages
used by those in the community. This is the
process of language acquisition. The languages
acquired while growing up are known as mother
tongues or referred to as first language.

10. Key Takeaways
• People later on that other languages are needed
for various reasons. These other languages may
be referred to as second languages. People learn
these languages by studying formally in school or
informally on their own. This process is called
language learning.

11. Key Takeaways
• As people broaden and explore, they come in
contact with several groups outside their speech
community, like a Filipino communicating
Chinese, Americans among others. This is process
is called language contact. It is the results into
phenomena such as code switching, language
shift, language loss and language death.

12. Key Takeaways
• Language is indeed a complex human capacity. It
is therefore important to be aware of its features
and behavior to be able to use language more
effectively and productively in communicating
with others.

13. Warming Up!
Activity 1:
• Group the class into ______.
• Each group needs to think of any communication
situation to re-enact or role play for 3-5 minutes
• Practice for 10 minutes.

14. Warming Up!
• Based on Activity 1, process the following.
• What is communication?
• What are the elements of communication?
• Describe/Explain the process of communication.

15. LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• Define communication;
• Discuss the following components of
communication:
a. Nature
b. Elements
c. Cycle and processes
d. Types
e. Functions

16. What is
Communication?

17. Comes from the Latin word
communis, meaning
commonness. It is a process
wherein knowledge, ideas,
information, attitudes,
feelings and the like are
transmitted.

18. Communication is a two-way
process by which
information is exchanged
between or among
individuals through a
common system of symbols,
signs and behavior.

19. “Any act by which one person
gives to or receives from
another person information
about that person’s needs,
desires, perceptions,
knowledge, or affective states.”
Julia Scherba de Valenzuela

20. “the exchange of thoughts,
messages, or information, as
by speech, signals, writing,”
free dictionary.com

21. “the act of conveying
information for the purpose of
creating a shared
understanding”
communication.com

22. NATURE OF COMUNICATION
1.Communication is
a process.

23. NATURE OF COMUNICATION
2. Communication
occurs between two or
more people (the
speaker and the
receiver).

24. NATURE OF COMUNICATION
3. Communication can be
expressed through written or
spoken words, actions
(nonverbal), or both spoken
words and nonverbal actions
at the same time.

25. ELEMENTS OF
COMUNICATION

26. The person
who intends
to convey or
send the
message.

27. It is the idea being
transmitted in the
communication process.
This can be opinion,
attitude, feelings, views,
orders, or suggestions.

28. It is the person
who receives
the message or
for whom the
message is
meant for.

29. It is the
receiver’s reply
to the sender.
Feedback

30. CONTEXT
It is the environment
where communication
takes place.

31. BARRIER
The factors that affect
the flow of communication
such as NOISE.

32. NOISE means
distractions that
interfere with accurate
transmission and
reception of a message.

33. External
Sights, sounds and any
other distractions in
the environment

34. Internal
Distractions within
the communicator like
physiological or
biological

35. Semantic
Unintentional meanings
caused by certain
symbols, ethnic slurs,
profanity and vulgar
speech

36. THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS

37. CYCLE
OF
COMMUNICATION
Sender
Encoding
Message
Channel
Decoding
Receiver
Feedback

38. process of converting ideas
or information into words
or gestures that will convey
meaning
process of interpreting a
message that has been
encoded by a source using
the decoder's own
perspective and background

39. TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION

40. VERBAL
It is the process of
transmitting a message
from a sender to the
receiver with the use of
words.

41. VERBAL
Consider
appropriateness, brevity,
clarity, ethics, and
vividness when engaging
in this type of
communication

42. NON-VERBAL
It is process of
sending message from
a sender to the receiver
with the use of signs or
symbols other than
words.

43. NON-VERBAL
Examples: stares, smiles, tone
of voice, movements, manners
of walking, standing and sitting,
appearance, style of attire,
attitude towards time and
space, personality, gestures,
and others

44. AURAL & VISUAL
A. Voice-Paralanguage
volume-loudness
rate- frequency
pitch- highness and lowness
tone- the way a person speaks to
someone
variety-being different or diverse

45. B. Diction
pronunciation of
sounds
stress
phrasing and pausing
blending
intonation

46. C. Body Language-Kinesics
face
eye contact
dress and appearance
posture and movements
gestures

47. D. Space- Proxemics
E. Touch- Haptics
F. Time- Chronemics
G. Iconics- Symbols

48. Mastery of nonverbal communication is
important for several reasons:
1. It enhances and
emphasizes the message
of your speech, thus
making it more
meaningful, truthful, and
relevant.

49. Mastery of nonverbal communication is
important for several reasons:
2. It communicates
feelings, attitudes, and
perceptions without you
saying a word.

50. Mastery of nonverbal communication is
important for several reasons:
3. It can sustain the
attention of listeners
and keep them engaged
in the speech.

51. Mastery of nonverbal communication is
important for several reasons:
4. It gives the audience a
preview to the type of
speaker you are.

52. Mastery of nonverbal communication is
important for several reasons:
5. It makes you appear
more dynamic and
animated in your
delivery.

53. Mastery of nonverbal communication is
important for several reasons:
6. It serves as a channel
to release tension and
nervousness.

54. Mastery of nonverbal communication is
important for several reasons:
7. It makes you a credible
speaker.
8. It helps you vary your
speaking style and avoid a
monotonous delivery.

55. LEVELS OF VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

56. INTRAPERSONAL
This refers to
communication that centers
on one person where the
speaker acts both as the
sender and the receiver of
message.

57. INTERPERSONAL
This refers to communication
between and among people and
establishes personal
relationship between and among
them.
1. Dyad Communication
2. Small Group Discussion (3-12
persons)

58. PUBLIC
This type refers to
communication that
requires you to deliver or
send the message before or
in front of a group.

59. PUBLIC
The message can be driven
by informational or persuasive
purposes.
The voice is louder and the
gestures are more expansive
because the audience is bigger.

60. MASS
This refers to
communication that takes
place through television, radio,
newspapers, magazines,
books, billboards, internet,
and other types of media.

61. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Control – Communication
functions to control
behavior.

62. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
2. Social Interaction –
Communication allows
individuals to interact with
others.

63. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
3. Motivation –
Communication motivates
or encourages people to
live better.

64. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
4. Emotional expression –
Communication facilitates
people’s expression of their
feelings and emotions.

65. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
4. Emotional expression –
Communication facilitates
people’s expression of their
feelings and emotions.

66. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
5. Information
dissemination –
Communication
functions to convey
information.

67. EFFECTIVE LISTENING

68. ADVANTAGES OF LISTENING WELL
1. Faster and more efficient
way of gathering information
than reading.
2. If you don’t understand the
speaker’s discourse, you can
clarify immediately.

69. ADVANTAGES OF LISTENING WELL
3. Sometimes writing may
seem dull and difficult to
understand can often be
understood and
appreciated if you listen to
it.

70. ADVANTAGES OF LISTENING WELL
4. Good listening is one of the
best known ways for
improving language facility.

71. ADVANTAGES OF LISTENING WELL
5. Good and critical listening
gives you a chance to understand
a speaker’s message, clarify his
motives, and evaluate the whole
purpose of the communication

72. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING
1. Supersensitive Listening
3. Premature Dismissal of a
Subject as Uninteresting
2. Avoiding Difficult Explanations
4. Finding Fault with a Speaker’s
Delivery or Appearance

73. IDENTIFY 3
POSSIBLE WAYS
TO DEVELOP
YOUR LISTENING
SKILLS

74. BUILDING A GOOD LISTENING HABIT
1. Think of the other person.
3. Show interest. Do not do other
things at the same time.
2. Listen not only with your ears,
but with your mind.

75. BUILDING A GOOD LISTENING HABIT
4. Take down notes.
6. Summarize mentally what the
speaker is saying.
5. Note facial expressions and the
speaker’s tone of voice.