2. CHEMICALS OF LIFE
Photosynthesis converts light energy into the
chemical energy of sugars and other organic
compounds. This process consists of a series of
chemical reactions that require carbon dioxide
(CO2) and water (H2O) and store chemical energy
in the form of sugar. Light energy from light
drives the reactions. Oxygen (O2) is a byproduct
of photosynthesis and is released into the
atmosphere. The following equation summarizes
photosynthesis:
3. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 6(CH2O) + 6 O2
sugar
Photosynthesis transfers electrons from water
to energy-poor CO2 molecules, forming energy-
rich sugar molecules.
4. When the plants are eaten, these carbon-
containing biological molecules will become
part of the animal which ate the plant.
6. Lipids
Structure and Properties of Lipids
-made of carbon (C ) , hydrogen ( H) , oxygen (O)
Atoms .
-Lipids do not share a common structural unit.
-they are all insoluble in water.
11. Weight for weight,triglycerides produce twice
the amount of energy of carbohydrate. They
are an important store of energy.
They are to store,being large,uncharge and
insoluble in water.
They are stored in spaces around organs like
the kidneys,and in the layers under the skin.
12. There are many different types of steroids.
They are all lipids. Their functions vary. Some
common steroids are:
SEX STEROIDS ANABOLIC
STERIODS
CHOLESTEROL
14. Phospholipids
Phospholipids make up the plasma membrane of cells.
One end of the phospholipid molecule is water-soluble or hydrophilic.
The other end is water – insoluble or hydrophobic.
15. This allows the molecules to arrange of phospholipids.
The water-insoluble end face ench other on the inside of the membrane.
While the water-soluble ends face the aqueous environment inside and
outside the cell.
17. Steroid
Common steroid is cholesterol. Like the
phospholipid.
It contrains both water- soluble and water –
insoluble end.
18. Sturated fats
The possible places on the cabon atoms where
Hydrogen could be attached are filled.
The result is a straigh molecule.
Easier to pack saturated fats exist as solids
as room temperature.
19. In which the carbon atoms can be made to
accept additional hydrogen atom.
