Chapter 3
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Climate and environmental conditions greatly influence the distribution of organisms and create distinct biological communities. As species adapt to changes in their environment through traits like competition and succession, biodiversity increases. Communities are dynamic, with species interacting in various ways like competing for resources and undergoing gradual succession over time as conditions change.
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Lab 3
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Concepts to Explore
• Biodiversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
• Natural selection
• Extinction
Introduction
Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and
populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of
genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment. Biodiversity is not evenly distrib-
uted across the globe; rather, it varies greatly and even varies within regions. It is partially ruled by climate,
whereas tropical regions can support more species than a polar climate. In whole, biodiversity represents
variation within three levels:
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
It should be noted that diversity at one of these levels may
not correspond with diversity within other levels. The degree
of biodiversity, and thus the health of an ecosystem, is im-
pacted when any part of that ecosystem becomes endan-
gered or extinct.
The term species refers to a group of similar organisms that
reproduce among themselves. Species diversity refers to
the variation within and between populations of species, as
well as between different species. Sexual reproduction criti-
cally contributes to the variation within species. For exam-
ple, a pea plant that is cross-fertilized with another pea plant
can produce offspring with four different looks! This genetic
mixing creates the diversity seen today.
Figure 1: There are more than 32,000 species of
fish – more than any other vertebrate!
39
Biodiversity
Ecosystem diversity examines the different habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes in
the biosphere, as well as variation within an individual ecosystem. The differences in rainforests and deserts
represent the variation between ecosystems. The physical characteristics that determine ecosystem diversity
are complex, and include biotic and abiotic factors.
? Did You Know...
A present day example of natural
selection can be seen in the cray-
fish population. The British crayfish
are crustaceans that live in rivers in
England. The American crayfish
was introduced to the same bodies
of water that were already populat-
ed by the British crayfish. The
American crayfish are larger, more
aggressive and carry an infection
that kills British crayfish but to
which they are immune. As a re-
sult, the British crayfish are de-
creasing in number and are ex-
pected to become extinct in Britain
within the next 50 years. Thus, the
American crayfish have a genetic
variation that gives them an ad-
vantage over the British crayfish to
survive and reproduce.
The variation of genes within individual ...
L1 ap 2014 defining bio
The document provides information about Edexcel Geography Unit 3: Contested Planet. It discusses the six topics covered in the unit, including how they are linked and the suggested order to teach them. It also provides details about the exam structure, including the format and content of sections A and B. Additionally, it defines key terms related to biodiversity such as ecosystems, biomes, genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Finally, it discusses the importance of biodiversity and highlights biodiversity hotspots as areas of very high biodiversity values.
Biodiversity
Genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity are the three levels that create the complexity of life on Earth. At the genetic level, diversity represents the raw material for evolution and adaptation. More genetic diversity in a species allows a greater ability to adapt to environmental changes. Species diversity is easier to study than the other two levels, as species can be identified in the field and represent distinct roles in an ecosystem. Looking at diversity at the ecosystem level is the most complex, as it involves understanding all the interacting species and environmental components that make up a living community. Maintaining biodiversity at all three of these levels is important for sustaining healthy functional ecosystems.
Population and Community Growth and Regulation
This document discusses several topics related to population growth and biological communities, including:
1. Biotic potential and environmental resistance, which influence population growth rates.
2. Limiting factors that determine an organism's tolerance limits and critical factors.
3. Key properties of biological communities like productivity, diversity, complexity, resilience, and structure.
4. Ecological succession and the process of ecosystems changing over time.
5. Various types of ecological problems on a global scale like pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate change.
Concepts of biosphere, ecosystem, biome, ecotone, community and ecology
The document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in biogeography and ecology, including:
- Biosphere: The global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships within the Earth system. The biosphere is thought to have evolved over 3.5 billion years ago.
- Ecosystem: The community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. Ecosystems are controlled by both external and internal factors.
- Biome: A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat. The main terrestrial biomes include rainforests, grasslands, tundra, and deserts.
- Ecotone: A
Biomes & Ecosystems
The document defines biomes and ecosystems and provides key facts about forest biomes and ecosystems. It discusses the main types of forests - tropical, temperate, and boreal - and compares them in terms of net primary productivity (NPP) and biomass.
Biodiversit1
This document discusses biodiversity at three levels - species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that species diversity is highest near the equator and in coastal areas with warm sea surface temperatures. Throughout history there have been several mass extinction events that dramatically reduced biodiversity. Currently, the Holocene extinction caused by human activity is reducing biodiversity. The document outlines that each level of biodiversity influences the others, and loss at one level can impact the other levels. Maintaining biodiversity is important for sustaining ecosystem productivity and resilience against disasters.
Principles of Ecosystem - Earth and life science
A presentation about the principles of an ecosystem. Made for grade 12 science.
Nikhil chapter 1
Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. There are several subdivisions and fields within ecology including autecology, which studies individual species, and synecology which studies the interactions within entire communities. Ecosystems are dynamic systems with biotic and abiotic components that interact through food webs, energy flows, and nutrient cycling. Populations grow according to biotic potential but are regulated by density-dependent and density-independent factors like climate, resources, competition, and predation that determine the ecosystem's carrying capacity.
Biodiversity And Its Effects On Biodiversity
The document discusses biodiversity in Florida and the priorities of a potential "Florida biodiversity Czar". The top priorities would be:
1. Focusing conservation efforts on remaining biodiversity hotspots by raising public awareness and obtaining funding.
2. Studying the impacts of climate change and mass extinctions to better protect against species loss.
3. Educating the public on the importance of biodiversity for human survival and implementing agricultural practices that preserve native species.
ecology concepts and its types
Ecological concepts are introduced and described in the document. The document discusses 7 key ecological concepts:
1) Levels of biological organization ranging from genes to landscapes.
2) The definition of native species and their importance in natural ecosystems.
3) The concept of keystone species that have disproportionate influence on ecosystems.
4) The concept of population viability and extinction thresholds related to amount of habitat.
5) Ecological resilience and the ability of ecosystems to withstand disturbance and return to stability.
6) Disturbances as events that cause changes to ecological systems, both natural and human-induced.
7) Connectivity and fragmentation, and their effects on organism movement between habitat patches.
Chapt04 lecture
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to evolution, biological communities, and species interactions. It discusses evolution and natural selection, ecological niches, species interactions like competition and predation, community properties, how communities change over time through succession, and factors that influence where organisms can live.
LEVELS OF BIO-DIVERSITY 52,53,54 final (1).pptx
1) The document discusses three levels of bio-diversity: genetics, species, and ecosystem diversity.
2) Genetic diversity refers to variation in genetic makeup between individuals of a species. Species diversity refers to the number and variety of species in an ecosystem. Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes within and among ecosystems.
3) Maintaining biodiversity is important for ecological balance and stability, economic benefits from natural resources, and continuing scientific research. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and invasive species. Conservation efforts include protected areas and ex-situ preservation of endangered species.
CHAPTER 11- BIODIVERSITY ISSUES.powerpoint
This document discusses biodiversity issues and loss of biodiversity. It begins by listing the objectives of describing the role of endangered species legislation, biodiversity treaty, and sustainable use of wildlife. It then defines biodiversity and extinction, and describes factors that make some organisms more prone to extinction like small population size and specialized habitat needs. Major causes of biodiversity loss are human activities that destroy habitats and overexploit resources. The document outlines the three levels of biodiversity: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It concludes by discussing the values of maintaining biodiversity for ecosystem services like nutrient cycling that support all life.
Ecology useful terms
allopatric and sympatric speciation, pyramids,siblings, synecology , ecesis.reaction(community change cause), competition, nudation, succession types,evolution, pyramids,mortality rate, fecundity(viability), demography, interactions among organisms, niche and niche overlap.
Perpetuation
Succession is the gradual process by which the species composition of a biological community changes over time due to ecological disturbances. Primary succession occurs in new areas where soil needs to develop, like sand dunes or volcanic islands. Secondary succession happens in areas damaged by events like fires or deforestation, which allows faster recolonization because soil and some species remain. As succession progresses, communities gain biomass and species diversity but productivity decreases, and specialized and nutrient-recycling species become more common. Biodiversity refers to genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity and is essential for communities to survive, with different reproductive strategies adapted to early or stable succession stages.
GENERAL EDUCATION COMMON ASSIGNMENTI. TITLE & NUMBER OF THE COU.docx
GENERAL EDUCATION COMMON ASSIGNMENT
I. TITLE & NUMBER OF THE COURSE: GOVT 2305 or 2306
II. TITLE OF THE ASSIGNMENT: Course Level Assessment - Content Learning & General Education Outcomes - Government 2305 & 2306
III. GENERAL EDUCATION CORE OBJECTIVES TO BE ASSESSED WITH THIS:
A. Communication Skills
B. Critical Thinking
C. Social Responsibility
D. Personal Responsibility
IV. DESCRIPTION OF ASSIGNMENT
Objectives of the Writing Assignment
· Learn about a current political issue or problem of political consequence.
· Develop your Internet and library research skills.
· Evaluate your topic from the perspective of different cultures and/or political viewpoints as well as your own.
· Improve personal and social responsibility.
· Improve communication and critical thinking skills.
Paper Criteria
· Topic selection— A current governmental or political (not historical) issue or problem of importance
· Content— address the various sides of the issue with the student drawing personal conclusions based on their own analysis of the issue, and demonstrating an understanding of its complexities. Compare and contrast the different viewpoints of sources used on your topic taking into account the limits of a position. Present an informed evaluation of the evidence and different viewpoint surrounding the topic.
· Paper length - your paper should be at minimum (no maximum) of 750 words long (not counting headings). The paper should be typewritten and double-spaced, and based on information from a minimum of three sources (no maximum).
· Writing style—with few or no typographical errors, misspelled words, and grammatical errors. Use proper paragraphing and improve your writing style by revising the paper as many times as necessary.
· Citations—anytime you borrow someone’s ideas, paraphrase or quote them, cite all sources using an appropriate method approved by the instructor. Analyze and question your sources assumptions.
· A bibliography or “work cited” page also using an appropriate method approved by the instructor.
Environmental Science Table of Contents
37
Lab 3
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Concepts to Explore
• Biodiversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
• Natural selection
• Extinction
Introduction
Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and
populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of
genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment. Biodiversity is not evenly distrib-
uted across the globe; rather, it varies greatly and even varies within regions. It is partially ruled by climate,
whereas tropical regions can support more species than a polar climate. In whole, biodiversity represents
variation within three levels:
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic d ...
Bio-diversity grade 9.pptx
The document discusses biodiversity and ecosystems. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including diversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Biodiversity is important as it increases ecosystem productivity and beauty, reduces competition between species, and provides resources for research, education, and entertainment. Threats to biodiversity include natural disasters as well as human activities like habitat destruction and pollution.
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Biodiversity.pptx for scuence technology and society
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Concepts of biosphere, ecosystem, biome, ecotone, community and ecology
Concepts of biosphere, ecosystem, biome, ecotone, community and ecology
GENERAL EDUCATION COMMON ASSIGNMENTI. TITLE & NUMBER OF THE COU.docx
GENERAL EDUCATION COMMON ASSIGNMENTI. TITLE & NUMBER OF THE COU.docx
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