Rome was located along the Tiber River in Italy and expanded through military conquests like the Punic Wars. Key resources that contributed to Rome's growth included the Tiber River, fertile farmland, and materials for building. The Roman military organized into legions and centuries, helping Rome establish control. Aqueducts and roads improved infrastructure and trade, while Latin became a dominant language. Politically, figures like Julius Caesar and Trajan attempted reforms that increased their popularity but also corruption. Overspending on the military, unemployment, and inflation eventually weakened the economy and society.