Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware
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This document provides an overview of computer hardware components and their functions. It discusses how data is stored in binary form, the four primary hardware functions of input, output, storage and processing. It also outlines some common input/output devices, components of the motherboard like the CPU and expansion slots, and different types of storage like RAM, ROM, hard drives. It provides details on hardware standards, bus speeds, and power supply specifications.
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Questions 1
The document discusses hardware components of a computer system. It defines hardware as having four primary functions: input, output, storage, and processing. It notes the CPU as the component for processing and lists some common CPU manufacturers. It also discusses computer buses, power supplies, and BIOS/firmware.
Funciones del bios y codigos post ingles
codigos para el usuario de Pc analycer , bios Award, Ami, Phoenix , (codes for the PC user analycer, bios Award, Ami, Phoenix)
1 study of motherboard
The document discusses various components and features of motherboards. It lists four main components of motherboards as CPU socket, chipsets, RAM slots, and expansion slots. Two important motherboard selection criteria are the motherboard chipset and processor. The document also discusses cache memory types, BIOS functions including POST and startup, hub computer architecture, CPU modes, extended/expanded memory, CMOS setup, and features of SDRAM, DDR, cache, and DDR2 memory.
Motherboard components
The document discusses the key components of a motherboard and their functions. It describes the central processing unit socket, power connectors, memory slots, video card slot, expansion slots, BIOS chip, CMOS battery, keyboard and mouse connectors, hard disk and floppy disk connectors, jumpers, northbridge and southbridge chips, front and rear panel connectors, and random access memory. The motherboard integrates all hardware components, allows communication between parts, and provides power distribution.
Mother05
The document discusses the main components of a computer's motherboard. It describes how the motherboard contains the processor, memory chips, and input/output chips. It also discusses the expansion slots that connect peripherals to the motherboard and how the motherboard facilitates data transfer between components. Booting processes are initialized by the motherboard reading instructions from ROM to test hardware and load the operating system.
Mother05
The document discusses the main components of a computer's motherboard. It describes how the motherboard contains the processor, memory chips, and input/output chips. It also discusses the expansion slots that connect peripherals to the motherboard and how the motherboard facilitates data transfer between components. Booting processes are initialized by the motherboard reading configuration settings from memory chips.
Conventional memory
The memory system is divided into three main parts: TPA, system area, and XMS. The first 1MB of memory is called real or conventional memory. It is divided into TPA (640KB) and system area (384KB). TPA holds the operating system, active programs, and inactive programs. The system area is smaller and contains programs like video control programs in ROM/flash. Memory above 1MB is available for use by expanded memory systems.
Bios and cmos
The document discusses the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), which is a collection of programs embedded in chips that act as an interface between the operating system and hardware. It performs POST (Power-On Self-Test) to check components, enables setup of motherboard settings, and loads the operating system. The BIOS can be upgraded by replacing the physical chip or performing a flash update. It stores settings in CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) memory powered by a battery. The BIOS Setup Utility allows modifying and storing settings.
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Questions 1
The document discusses hardware components of a computer system. It defines hardware as having four primary functions: input, output, storage, and processing. It notes the CPU as the component for processing and lists some common CPU manufacturers. It also discusses computer buses, power supplies, and BIOS/firmware.
Funciones del bios y codigos post ingles
codigos para el usuario de Pc analycer , bios Award, Ami, Phoenix , (codes for the PC user analycer, bios Award, Ami, Phoenix)
1 study of motherboard
The document discusses various components and features of motherboards. It lists four main components of motherboards as CPU socket, chipsets, RAM slots, and expansion slots. Two important motherboard selection criteria are the motherboard chipset and processor. The document also discusses cache memory types, BIOS functions including POST and startup, hub computer architecture, CPU modes, extended/expanded memory, CMOS setup, and features of SDRAM, DDR, cache, and DDR2 memory.
Motherboard components
The document discusses the key components of a motherboard and their functions. It describes the central processing unit socket, power connectors, memory slots, video card slot, expansion slots, BIOS chip, CMOS battery, keyboard and mouse connectors, hard disk and floppy disk connectors, jumpers, northbridge and southbridge chips, front and rear panel connectors, and random access memory. The motherboard integrates all hardware components, allows communication between parts, and provides power distribution.
Mother05
The document discusses the main components of a computer's motherboard. It describes how the motherboard contains the processor, memory chips, and input/output chips. It also discusses the expansion slots that connect peripherals to the motherboard and how the motherboard facilitates data transfer between components. Booting processes are initialized by the motherboard reading instructions from ROM to test hardware and load the operating system.
Mother05
The document discusses the main components of a computer's motherboard. It describes how the motherboard contains the processor, memory chips, and input/output chips. It also discusses the expansion slots that connect peripherals to the motherboard and how the motherboard facilitates data transfer between components. Booting processes are initialized by the motherboard reading configuration settings from memory chips.
Conventional memory
The memory system is divided into three main parts: TPA, system area, and XMS. The first 1MB of memory is called real or conventional memory. It is divided into TPA (640KB) and system area (384KB). TPA holds the operating system, active programs, and inactive programs. The system area is smaller and contains programs like video control programs in ROM/flash. Memory above 1MB is available for use by expanded memory systems.
Bios and cmos
The document discusses the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), which is a collection of programs embedded in chips that act as an interface between the operating system and hardware. It performs POST (Power-On Self-Test) to check components, enables setup of motherboard settings, and loads the operating system. The BIOS can be upgraded by replacing the physical chip or performing a flash update. It stores settings in CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) memory powered by a battery. The BIOS Setup Utility allows modifying and storing settings.
Motherboard ppt
The document discusses the key components and functions of a motherboard. It describes how a motherboard provides electrical connections for the CPU, memory, drives, and peripherals to communicate. It explains that the microprocessor's supporting chipset determines the motherboard's features and capabilities. Form factor, common motherboard parts like expansion slots and memory sockets are described. Factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are also outlined.
3 hardware
PC Hardware & Booting
This document discusses the boot process of a PC from power-on to loading the operating system. It covers:
1) The different address types in a PC like memory addresses, I/O addresses, and memory-mapped I/O addresses.
2) The evolution of x86 CPUs from 8088 to 80386 to modern 64-bit processors.
3) The boot process from power-on reset to BIOS initialization, loading the master boot record, running the bootloader, and finally loading the operating system.
4) Multiprocessor booting where one CPU is designated as the boot processor that triggers other application processors.
To study about motherboard & its compponents
This document includes all thing about Motherboard and its basic components I also try to explain here a little about the different type of connector as well I hope you like it.
Lesson three hardware basics
The document discusses the basic functions and components of a computer system. It explains how the bootstrap loader initializes the operating system during startup by testing hardware, loading the OS into memory, and passing control to the boot record. The major components of a computer include the motherboard, CPU, RAM, expansion slots, input/output ports, and monitors.
الفصل الأول
Computer systems have evolved through five generations from the first electronic computers to modern systems. Hardware refers to the physical aspects of computers like the central processing unit, memory, storage, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and programs. Common computer components include the CPU, RAM, hard drives, motherboards, monitors, keyboards, mice, and other peripherals. Data is processed by inputting it, storing it in memory and storage, processing it with the CPU, and outputting results.
Assembling the computer
The document provides an overview of assembling a computer from start to finish. It discusses safety procedures, creating an inventory, installing components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, video card, and connecting cables. It also covers the BIOS configuration process required during the initial boot up to ensure proper functioning of the newly assembled computer system.
Basic Introduction abut Connectors available on motherboard
This document includes basic introduction about motherboard,
ill explain the basic contact very briefly and easy to understand there are very useful for hardware engineering.
IMD 203 - Ch03
This document provides an overview of PC repair fundamentals, including developing a preventative maintenance plan, working inside a computer case safely, and troubleshooting issues like a failed boot. It discusses the tools and safety precautions used in PC repair work. The document also explains the boot process, how the BIOS initializes hardware and searches for an operating system, and the general steps to troubleshoot PC problems like a failed boot by interviewing the user and methodically solving issues.
Power point presentation3
The document discusses various components of a computer system. It describes the CPU and its role in executing programs and controlling instruction flow. It then discusses CPU errors and the recovery process. It explains memory, hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, the motherboard and its various connections and components including the northbridge, southbridge, power supply, connectors, PCI slots, and DRAM memory slots. It provides details on the functions of these various computer hardware components.
AMD Processor
This document discusses AMD processors and their history. It provides details about AMD's first in-house x86 processor (K5), the introduction of the Athlon processor in 1999, and AMD's development of 64-bit processors including the Opteron and Sempron. Pros of AMD processors include competitive gaming performance and integrated security features, while cons include limited memory compatibility and potential overheating issues in older models. The document recommends AMD for their competitive pricing and power efficiency.
ROM BIOS & POST
The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is firmware that initializes hardware components and loads an operating system when a computer is turned on. It performs a power-on self-test (POST) to check hardware and boot the system. The BIOS resides in ROM and contains routines to initialize devices, run diagnostics, and facilitate booting into the operating system.
Motherboard and its components
Description of computer motherboard & its components under subject Computer Architecture and Maintenance
How Motherboards Work
The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects the central components of a computer system. It accommodates the CPU, RAM, expansion slots, and connectors. Motherboards come in various form factors that determine component layout and case compatibility. The CPU socket and chipset standards on the motherboard must match the CPU for proper functioning. The chipset includes a northbridge that connects to RAM and graphics and a southbridge that connects to storage and ports.
Components of a PC
The document outlines the main internal components of a personal computer and provides a brief description of each component's function:
The motherboard holds crucial parts like the CPU and RAM and allows them to communicate. The CPU controls basic operations and runs programs. RAM is volatile memory that programs use temporarily. The hard drive is permanent storage. Interface cards include sound, video, and network cards. Cooling fans dissipate heat and the power supply provides power to components.
Cpu And Memory Events
The document discusses CPU and memory architecture, error handling, and troubleshooting for Opteron processors. It covers cache and memory organization, error reporting banks, correctable and uncorrectable error types, machine check exceptions, memory addressing including interleaving and the memory hole, and provides examples of error messages from Linux and Solaris systems.
Comuputer processor
The document summarizes information about computer processors. It discusses the working of processors including fetch, decode, execute, and write back steps. It describes the basic components of a CPU including the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. It explains the differences between single, dual, and multi-core processors. Popular processor brands like Intel and AMD are mentioned. The future of processors is expected to include more energy efficient and faster designs with smaller nano processors and more cores using new technologies.
Mother board
The motherboard is the most important part of a PC, as it holds the processor chip, memory chips, input/output chips, and expansion slots. It contains both removable and soldered-on components. The document provides an overview of the motherboard and its associated parts, including the processor, memory, expansion slots, and how the motherboard connects other components in a computer system.
Informática Aplicada - Segunda Parte
The document discusses the history and components of computer hardware. It mentions various computer processors from the 386 to the Pentium 4 and their specifications. It also describes different types of memory modules, storage devices, and embedded computer boards.
Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit board inside a PC that contains and controls the components responsible for processing data. It holds the processor, memory chips, I/O chips, and expansion slots. The motherboard determines the type of CPU, memory, ports, and compatibility standards. It connects all parts of the PC either directly or indirectly and allows them to communicate via buses on the board.
Computer System Specification - 4th Generation
The document summarizes the key features and components of Intel's 4th generation processors. It discusses how the 4th generation processors feature enhanced battery life of up to 9.1 hours for video playback. They integrate all major system components into a single chip using a 22nm manufacturing process. New capabilities include improved Intel Iris graphics with 32% better 3D performance, the Intel AVX 2.0 256-bit instruction set for faster operations, and enhanced security features. The 4th generation processors build on improvements from the 3rd generation to deliver better performance and functionality.
11 & 12
The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It discusses how data is stored in binary form in computers and defines the primary functions of hardware as input, processing, output, and storage. The two main input devices are listed as the keyboard and mouse, while the two main output devices are the monitor and printer. Electronic hardware requires a method for the CPU to communicate, software to control it, and electricity to power it. The document also reviews operating system functions and common OS types, as well as components of the computer boot process.
mother-board-and-bios.ppt
The document discusses motherboards and BIOS. It explains that the motherboard provides the foundation for the PC and acts as the central connecting point. The BIOS stored in ROM allows the CPU to communicate with devices. It discusses chipsets, form factors, boot processes, and how the CMOS stores configurable settings to customize a system.
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Motherboard ppt
The document discusses the key components and functions of a motherboard. It describes how a motherboard provides electrical connections for the CPU, memory, drives, and peripherals to communicate. It explains that the microprocessor's supporting chipset determines the motherboard's features and capabilities. Form factor, common motherboard parts like expansion slots and memory sockets are described. Factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are also outlined.
3 hardware
PC Hardware & Booting
This document discusses the boot process of a PC from power-on to loading the operating system. It covers:
1) The different address types in a PC like memory addresses, I/O addresses, and memory-mapped I/O addresses.
2) The evolution of x86 CPUs from 8088 to 80386 to modern 64-bit processors.
3) The boot process from power-on reset to BIOS initialization, loading the master boot record, running the bootloader, and finally loading the operating system.
4) Multiprocessor booting where one CPU is designated as the boot processor that triggers other application processors.
To study about motherboard & its compponents
This document includes all thing about Motherboard and its basic components I also try to explain here a little about the different type of connector as well I hope you like it.
Lesson three hardware basics
The document discusses the basic functions and components of a computer system. It explains how the bootstrap loader initializes the operating system during startup by testing hardware, loading the OS into memory, and passing control to the boot record. The major components of a computer include the motherboard, CPU, RAM, expansion slots, input/output ports, and monitors.
الفصل الأول
Computer systems have evolved through five generations from the first electronic computers to modern systems. Hardware refers to the physical aspects of computers like the central processing unit, memory, storage, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and programs. Common computer components include the CPU, RAM, hard drives, motherboards, monitors, keyboards, mice, and other peripherals. Data is processed by inputting it, storing it in memory and storage, processing it with the CPU, and outputting results.
Assembling the computer
The document provides an overview of assembling a computer from start to finish. It discusses safety procedures, creating an inventory, installing components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, video card, and connecting cables. It also covers the BIOS configuration process required during the initial boot up to ensure proper functioning of the newly assembled computer system.
Basic Introduction abut Connectors available on motherboard
This document includes basic introduction about motherboard,
ill explain the basic contact very briefly and easy to understand there are very useful for hardware engineering.
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This document provides an overview of PC repair fundamentals, including developing a preventative maintenance plan, working inside a computer case safely, and troubleshooting issues like a failed boot. It discusses the tools and safety precautions used in PC repair work. The document also explains the boot process, how the BIOS initializes hardware and searches for an operating system, and the general steps to troubleshoot PC problems like a failed boot by interviewing the user and methodically solving issues.
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The document discusses various components of a computer system. It describes the CPU and its role in executing programs and controlling instruction flow. It then discusses CPU errors and the recovery process. It explains memory, hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, the motherboard and its various connections and components including the northbridge, southbridge, power supply, connectors, PCI slots, and DRAM memory slots. It provides details on the functions of these various computer hardware components.
AMD Processor
This document discusses AMD processors and their history. It provides details about AMD's first in-house x86 processor (K5), the introduction of the Athlon processor in 1999, and AMD's development of 64-bit processors including the Opteron and Sempron. Pros of AMD processors include competitive gaming performance and integrated security features, while cons include limited memory compatibility and potential overheating issues in older models. The document recommends AMD for their competitive pricing and power efficiency.
ROM BIOS & POST
The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is firmware that initializes hardware components and loads an operating system when a computer is turned on. It performs a power-on self-test (POST) to check hardware and boot the system. The BIOS resides in ROM and contains routines to initialize devices, run diagnostics, and facilitate booting into the operating system.
Motherboard and its components
Description of computer motherboard & its components under subject Computer Architecture and Maintenance
How Motherboards Work
The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects the central components of a computer system. It accommodates the CPU, RAM, expansion slots, and connectors. Motherboards come in various form factors that determine component layout and case compatibility. The CPU socket and chipset standards on the motherboard must match the CPU for proper functioning. The chipset includes a northbridge that connects to RAM and graphics and a southbridge that connects to storage and ports.
Components of a PC
The document outlines the main internal components of a personal computer and provides a brief description of each component's function:
The motherboard holds crucial parts like the CPU and RAM and allows them to communicate. The CPU controls basic operations and runs programs. RAM is volatile memory that programs use temporarily. The hard drive is permanent storage. Interface cards include sound, video, and network cards. Cooling fans dissipate heat and the power supply provides power to components.
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The document discusses CPU and memory architecture, error handling, and troubleshooting for Opteron processors. It covers cache and memory organization, error reporting banks, correctable and uncorrectable error types, machine check exceptions, memory addressing including interleaving and the memory hole, and provides examples of error messages from Linux and Solaris systems.
Comuputer processor
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The motherboard is the most important part of a PC, as it holds the processor chip, memory chips, input/output chips, and expansion slots. It contains both removable and soldered-on components. The document provides an overview of the motherboard and its associated parts, including the processor, memory, expansion slots, and how the motherboard connects other components in a computer system.
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The document discusses the history and components of computer hardware. It mentions various computer processors from the 386 to the Pentium 4 and their specifications. It also describes different types of memory modules, storage devices, and embedded computer boards.
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Computer System Specification - 4th Generation
The document summarizes the key features and components of Intel's 4th generation processors. It discusses how the 4th generation processors feature enhanced battery life of up to 9.1 hours for video playback. They integrate all major system components into a single chip using a 22nm manufacturing process. New capabilities include improved Intel Iris graphics with 32% better 3D performance, the Intel AVX 2.0 256-bit instruction set for faster operations, and enhanced security features. The 4th generation processors build on improvements from the 3rd generation to deliver better performance and functionality.
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Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware
- 1. Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware
- 2. 1. Why is all data stored in a Computer in binary form?
- 4. 2. What are the four primary functions of hardware?
- 6. 3. What are the 2 main input devices and 2 main output devices?
- 8. 4. What 3 things do electronic hardware devices need in order to function?
- 10. 5. How many bits are in a byte?
- 11. Answer
- 12. 6. What is the purpose of an expansion slot on the motherboard?
- 14. 7. Which component on the motherboard is used for processing?
- 16. 8. Name three CPU manufacturers ?
- 18. 9.
- 20. 10.
- 22. 11.
- 24. 12.
- 26. 13.
- 28. 14.
- 30. 15.
- 32. 16.
- 34. 17.) Of the two types of storage in a system, which type is generally faster and holds data and instructions while the data is being processed? Which type of storage is generally slower, but more permanent?
- 36. 18. What technology standard provides for up to four devices on a system, including the hard drive as one of those devices? What are two common industry names loosely used to describe this standard?
- 38. 19. What is the size of the data path on most system buses today?
- 39. 16, 32, 64, 128 ANSWER:
- 40. 20. What is the measurement of frequency of a system bus and CPU? Which is faster, the system bus or the CPU?
- 42. 21. Name four types of buses that might be on a motherboard today.
- 44. 22. A power supply receives 120 volts of ____ power from a wall outlet and converts it to 3.3, 5, and 12 volts of ____ power.
- 46. 23. ROM BIOS or firmware chips that can be upgraded without replacing the chips are called____.
- 48. 24. CMOS setup allows a technician to change configuration settings on a motherboard stored in _________.
- 50. 25. Name three examples of secondary storage devices.
- 52. 26. A hertz is ______ cycles per second; a megahertz is _______ cycles per second, and a gigahertz is _______ cycles per second.
- 53. ANSWER: Hertz= 1 Megahertz= 1 million Gigahertz= 1 billion
- 54. 27. An AGP slot is normally used for a(n) ________ expansion card .
- 55. ANSWER: Video
- 56. 28. How many sizes of PCI Express slots are currently manufactured for personal computers?
- 57. 2 ANSWER:
- 58. 29. Name the three purposes the motherboard ROM BIOS serves.
- 60. 30. From where does CMOS RAM receive its power?