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Chapter 5 – Nonlinguistic 
Representations 
Imagery and Action 
Creating new paths for 
memory and future 
connections
Nonlinguistic 
Representation: 
 Helps students represent knowledge as imagery 
 Taps students’ natural tendency for visual imagery 
processing 
 Helps construct meaning of relevant content and 
skills 
 Provides better capacity for recall later
The goal of the nonlinguistic strategy 
is to produce images of knowledge in 
students’ minds so they are better 
able to process, organize, and 
retrieve information from memory.
Positive Effect 
Size: 0.49 
Average gain in 
achievement: 
19 percentile 
points.
Research: 
Grade 11 students used 
interactive software with 
graphing calculator images to 
study quadratic equations. 
These students 
outperformed the 
control group on a 
standardized test.
More research: 
Foreign language students learned 
clothing-related vocabulary by 
participating in a fashion show, acting 
as both announcer and model. 
This kinesthetic activity helped those 
students outperform other students who 
participated in traditional activities such as 
completing worksheets and writing.
Five Recommendations 
for Classroom Practice…
1. Use graphic organizers
2. Make physical models
3. Generate mental pictures 
Please close your eyes…
4. Create pictures, 
illustrations, and pictographs
5. Engage in kinesthetic 
activities 
Give us your best 
example…
Text-based information will 
never go away, but 
imagery 
and 
offer additional paths into a learner’s 
permanent memory, and help make 
information available for future 
connections. 
action

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Chap 5

  • 1. Chapter 5 – Nonlinguistic Representations Imagery and Action Creating new paths for memory and future connections
  • 2. Nonlinguistic Representation:  Helps students represent knowledge as imagery  Taps students’ natural tendency for visual imagery processing  Helps construct meaning of relevant content and skills  Provides better capacity for recall later
  • 3. The goal of the nonlinguistic strategy is to produce images of knowledge in students’ minds so they are better able to process, organize, and retrieve information from memory.
  • 4. Positive Effect Size: 0.49 Average gain in achievement: 19 percentile points.
  • 5. Research: Grade 11 students used interactive software with graphing calculator images to study quadratic equations. These students outperformed the control group on a standardized test.
  • 6. More research: Foreign language students learned clothing-related vocabulary by participating in a fashion show, acting as both announcer and model. This kinesthetic activity helped those students outperform other students who participated in traditional activities such as completing worksheets and writing.
  • 7. Five Recommendations for Classroom Practice…
  • 8. 1. Use graphic organizers
  • 10. 3. Generate mental pictures Please close your eyes…
  • 11. 4. Create pictures, illustrations, and pictographs
  • 12. 5. Engage in kinesthetic activities Give us your best example…
  • 13. Text-based information will never go away, but imagery and offer additional paths into a learner’s permanent memory, and help make information available for future connections. action