This document summarizes key events and developments in the late 1800s related to westward expansion, industrialization, and labor movements in the United States. It discusses the near-extinction of the American buffalo population between 1800-1870, notable battles between Native Americans and the U.S. Army, the Homestead Act which gave land to settlers, struggles of life on the Great Plains, and the Populist movement advocating for farmers' rights. It also outlines factors that enabled the Industrial Revolution such as natural resources and immigration, innovations like the Bessemer process and electricity, and infrastructure projects including the transcontinental railroad. Major industrialists like Carnegie and Rockefeller are mentioned as are monopolies, trusts, and the Sherman