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There are four types of oral presentations:

 • impromptu
 • extemporaneous
 • scripted
 • memorized




      Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   1
You will deliver presentations
       to four types of audiences:

• clients and customers
• colleagues in your organization
• fellow professionals at technical conferences
• the public




     Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   2
Preparing an oral presentation
        consists of five steps:

• Analyze the speaking situation.
• Organize and develop the presentation.
• Prepare the presentation graphics.
• Choose effective language.
• Rehearse the presentation.



     Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   3
Here is the typical time allotment
      in a 20-minute presentation:
Task                                         Time (minutes)
Introduction                                      2
Body
    First major point                                  4
    Second major point                                 4
    Third major point                                  4
Conclusion                                             2
Questions                                              4

     Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   4
Follow these five guidelines
      when introducing a presentation:

•   Introduce yourself.
•   State the title of your presentation.
•   Explain the purpose of your presentation.
•   State your main point.
•   Provide an advance organizer.




       Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   5
Follow these four guidelines
      when concluding a presentation:

•   Announce that you are concluding.
•   Summarize the main points.
•   Look to the future.
•   Invite questions politely.




       Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   6
An effective graphic has five characteristics:

  • It presents a clear, well-supported claim.
  • It is easy to see.
  • It is easy to read.
  • It is simple.
  • It is correct.



        Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   7
When planning your graphics, consider
four aspects of the speaking situation:

• length of the presentation
• audience aptitude and experience
• size and layout of the room
• equipment




     Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   8
Select from the five basic media
         for presentation graphics:

•   computer presentation
•   overhead projector
•   chalkboard or other hard writing surface
•   objects
•   handouts




        Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   9
There are two reasons to choose
 effective language for a presentation:

• Listeners can’t go back to listen again to
  something they didn't understand.
• Because you are speaking live, you must
  maintain your listeners’ attention, even if they
  are hungry or tired or the room is too hot.




     Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   10
Use language to signal
 three kinds of presentation elements:

• advance organizers
• summaries
• transitions




     Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   11
Follow these three guidelines
     for using memorable language:

• Involve the audience.
• Refer to people, not to abstractions.
• Use interesting facts, figures, and quotations.




      Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   12
Concentrate on three aspects
   related to delivering a presentation:

• Calm your nerves.
• Use your voice effectively.
• Use your body effectively.




      Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   13
Think about these six points
         to help calm your nerves:

• You are much more aware of your nervousness
  than the audience is.
• Nervousness gives you energy and enthusiasm.
• After a few minutes, your nervousness will pass.
• You are prepared.
• The audience is there to hear you, not to judge
  you.
• The audience is made up of individual people who
  happen to be sitting in the same room.

      Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   14
Try these four techniques
           to release nervous energy:

•   Walk around.
•   Go off by yourself for a few minutes.
•   Talk with someone for a few minutes.
•   Take several deep breaths, exhaling slowly.




       Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   15
Pay attention to five aspects of vocalizing:

•   volume
•   speed
•   pitch
•   articulation
•   nonfluencies




       Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   16
Follow these four guidelines
          when facing an audience:

•   Maintain eye contact.
•   Use natural gestures.
•   Don’t block the audience’s view of the screen.
•   Control the audience’s attention.




       Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   17
Follow these three tips for presenting to a
  multicultural or multilingual audience:

• Hire translators and interpreters if necessary.
• Use graphics effectively to reinforce your
  points for nonnative speakers.
• Be aware that gestures can have cultural
  meanings.




      Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   18
Be prepared for these four problems you
might encounter in answering questions:

• You’re unsure everyone heard the question.
• You don’t understand the question.
• You have already answered the question
  during the presentation.
• A belligerent member of the audience rejects
  your response and insists on restating his or
  her original point.


      Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations   © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's   19

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Ch21 slides

  • 1. There are four types of oral presentations: • impromptu • extemporaneous • scripted • memorized Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 1
  • 2. You will deliver presentations to four types of audiences: • clients and customers • colleagues in your organization • fellow professionals at technical conferences • the public Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 2
  • 3. Preparing an oral presentation consists of five steps: • Analyze the speaking situation. • Organize and develop the presentation. • Prepare the presentation graphics. • Choose effective language. • Rehearse the presentation. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 3
  • 4. Here is the typical time allotment in a 20-minute presentation: Task Time (minutes) Introduction 2 Body First major point 4 Second major point 4 Third major point 4 Conclusion 2 Questions 4 Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 4
  • 5. Follow these five guidelines when introducing a presentation: • Introduce yourself. • State the title of your presentation. • Explain the purpose of your presentation. • State your main point. • Provide an advance organizer. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 5
  • 6. Follow these four guidelines when concluding a presentation: • Announce that you are concluding. • Summarize the main points. • Look to the future. • Invite questions politely. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 6
  • 7. An effective graphic has five characteristics: • It presents a clear, well-supported claim. • It is easy to see. • It is easy to read. • It is simple. • It is correct. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 7
  • 8. When planning your graphics, consider four aspects of the speaking situation: • length of the presentation • audience aptitude and experience • size and layout of the room • equipment Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 8
  • 9. Select from the five basic media for presentation graphics: • computer presentation • overhead projector • chalkboard or other hard writing surface • objects • handouts Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 9
  • 10. There are two reasons to choose effective language for a presentation: • Listeners can’t go back to listen again to something they didn't understand. • Because you are speaking live, you must maintain your listeners’ attention, even if they are hungry or tired or the room is too hot. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 10
  • 11. Use language to signal three kinds of presentation elements: • advance organizers • summaries • transitions Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 11
  • 12. Follow these three guidelines for using memorable language: • Involve the audience. • Refer to people, not to abstractions. • Use interesting facts, figures, and quotations. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 12
  • 13. Concentrate on three aspects related to delivering a presentation: • Calm your nerves. • Use your voice effectively. • Use your body effectively. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 13
  • 14. Think about these six points to help calm your nerves: • You are much more aware of your nervousness than the audience is. • Nervousness gives you energy and enthusiasm. • After a few minutes, your nervousness will pass. • You are prepared. • The audience is there to hear you, not to judge you. • The audience is made up of individual people who happen to be sitting in the same room. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 14
  • 15. Try these four techniques to release nervous energy: • Walk around. • Go off by yourself for a few minutes. • Talk with someone for a few minutes. • Take several deep breaths, exhaling slowly. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 15
  • 16. Pay attention to five aspects of vocalizing: • volume • speed • pitch • articulation • nonfluencies Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 16
  • 17. Follow these four guidelines when facing an audience: • Maintain eye contact. • Use natural gestures. • Don’t block the audience’s view of the screen. • Control the audience’s attention. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 17
  • 18. Follow these three tips for presenting to a multicultural or multilingual audience: • Hire translators and interpreters if necessary. • Use graphics effectively to reinforce your points for nonnative speakers. • Be aware that gestures can have cultural meanings. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 18
  • 19. Be prepared for these four problems you might encounter in answering questions: • You’re unsure everyone heard the question. • You don’t understand the question. • You have already answered the question during the presentation. • A belligerent member of the audience rejects your response and insists on restating his or her original point. Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's 19